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The Muslim-conquered kingdom fell to the Christians on January 2, 1492. Granada rose 200 years prior to its fall and flourished greatly, but was attacked by a strengthened Spanish monarchy. This battle was extremely important mainly because it signaled the very end of the Reconquista. The Muslim King Boabdil surrendered Granada to the Christians on January 2, which ultimately declared the Christians victorious in their battle against the Muslims for reconquered lands of Spain. In the aftermath of the battle of Granada, all Spanish Muslims were forced to convert to Christianity in 1502 and the last Muslims were expelled from Spain in 1609.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/reconquest-of-spain

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On October 30, 1340, the Battle of Río Salado happened near Seville, Spain. The kingdoms of Castile and Portugal (which were led by King Alfonso XI) fought against the Muslim Marīnids of North Africa, who were trying to invade the Iberian Peninsula. The Marīnids destroyed the Castilian fleet, but were seriously beaten by their allies and were forced to retreat back to North Africa. This moment is important for the Christians because it allowed them to keep their reconquered land safe from the Muslims.
Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain by Joseph F. O'Callaghan

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This is where the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa happened on July 16, 1212. King Alfonso VIII, who had been involved with the Battle of Alarcos, lead a new attack against the Muslims. The Almohad caliph Muḥammad al-Nāṣir was trying to cut of the Christians in a new expedition, but the Christians managed to invade his base and conquer more land. The combined kingdoms of Castile, Navarre, Portugal, and Aragon defeated the Almohads greatly, going down as another win for the Christians. https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Las-Navas-de-Tolosa

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The location of the Christian kingdom of Navarre.

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The location of the Christian kingdom of Aragon.

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This is a key location for the Muslims during the Reconquista. It is where the Almohads and their caliph Abū Yūsuf came from during the crusade.

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In 1190, Abū Yūsuf forced an armistice on the Christian kingdoms of Leon and Castile. The result was a Christian invasion in the province of Sevilla in 1194. Abū Yūsuf reacted to this quickly and managed to stop the Christians before they could do much. This Muslim win set the Christians back quite a bit, but didn't stop them from trying to reconquer the Iberian Peninsula. Their defeat in this battle happened near the fortress of Alarcos. This is known as the Battle of Alarcos, and goes down as a win for the Muslims.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Alarcos

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This is the location of the areas lead by King Alfonso VI late into the 1000s.

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The Siege of Toledo in the late 1000s is a key moment in the Reconquista. Toledo used to be the capital of the (Muslim) Taifa kingdom of al-Andalus. Al-Andalus had been in conflict with the Christian kingdoms of Spain for a while, and when King Alfonso VI became king of the kingdom of Leon in 1065 and the kingdom of Castile in 1072 (both kingdoms are Christian), he lead multiple attempts to reconquer some land. He made deals with those within Toledo and eventually won in 1085, Toledo reconquered by Leon-Castile. https://www.ancient.eu/Reconquista/

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During the Reconquista (also known as the Spanish Crusade), the Muslims had taken over half of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal, etc.). In the image provided, it is shown that the Muslims conquered the bottom half of the peninsula and the Christians had territory at the top. According to BBC, the Reconquista lasted from 711-1492. The Reconquista was caused by the Muslims taking over the land, and the Christians together called for it to happen. The Reconquista's purpose was to reconquer the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims.

MORE INFO:
The Reconquista (the Spanish Crusade) was a series of battles lead by Christians (who called for the crusade) in an attempt to reconquer parts of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims, who conquered these lands (which caused the crusade). This took place 711-1492 and in the end, the Christians were victorious and managed to reconquer the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims in a battle in Granada in 1492, making the Crusade a success. The effects were huge, for the remaining Muslims in Spain were forced to convert to Christianity in 1502 and Muslims who did not convert were expelled from Spain in 1609. The long-term impact of this Crusade affected mainly the Iberian Peninsula; after the Christians reconquered their territory, they made a peaceful decision not to move on to conquer North Africa, leaving the effects of the Spanish Crusade only in the Iberian Peninsula. The long-term impact was that the Christians (still) mostly have rulership over the Iberian Peninsula and that other countries and religions do not have control over that specific area. Muslims started to live in Spain again around the 1800s after new rules were established and society evolved.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_1.shtml#h2