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The second amendment grants citizens the right to bear arms. The exact meaning of this statement is up for debate, but the most generally accepted form of it is that it means that the people (citizens) should be able to have guns and amass an army to be able to combat a tyrannical government.

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The third amendment protects citizens from having to house soldiers during war. This was a problem during the Founding Father's times since major wars were more often being fought on US soil.

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Due to the British constantly searching homes of Patriots during the Revolutionary Era, the fourth amendment was created. The fourth amendment protects citizens from having their things searched or confiscated by the government (police) without probable cause.

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The fifth amendment states that all citizens (civil cases) have the right to a trial by jury. It also says the the government must follow due process of the law when taking people to court, which just means all people who are taking part in a trial must be treated fairly and equally.

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The sixth amendment states that all criminal defendants have the right to a public trial without "unnecessary delay." It also grants them the right to an impartial jury and a lawyer.

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The seventh amendment distinguishes which cases should be tried with a jury and which should be tried without a jury. The difference is that CIVIL cases all have the right to trial by jury. It also states that all cases tried by a jury shall not have the right to a re-trial.

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The eighth amendment is a pretty general rule for the government to not be too crazy. It says that the government can't impose excessive fines or bail charges, and it shall not practice "cruel or unusual punishments." For example, torture of a prisoner would be unconstitutional.

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The ninth amendment is saying, in simple terms, that there are certain rights the people have that aren't stated explicitly in the Constitution. It also states that just because these rights aren't explicitly stated doesn't mean they can be violated.

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Any powers that aren't stated in the Constitution as being given to the federal government are relayed to the states, and the people. This amendment was put in place to restrict the federal government from trying to claim powers that it doesn't really have, checking the government's power.

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The first amendment protects the people's right to express their opinions, even when dissenting from the federal government. It also protects the people's right to practice their own religion, and the right to peacefully protest.