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A camera is used to collect reflected light images and record them on light sensitive film.
Different angles will be used to take different photos. A long photo will be used to take photos to get the whole crime scene. A medium photo will be used for a reference point for the evidence. A short range shot will be used to get a close angle on the crime scene.
An ABFO scale will be used to measure the evidence and give it a reference point.
A photo log is used to record each photo taken, a description of the photo and what settings you used much be noted down.
A photo identifier tells you what crime scene you are at

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After the photo has been taken, you need to write down the case number, time and date, location and address, and the photograph

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At first you would take your camera and put it on its tripod and set up the flash gun.

You would be taking long medium and short range shots of category 1 and 2 images, after doing so you would document the date and time that the photo was taken.

you will need to fill the image with the piece of evidence or area of interest so it can be properly analysed and compared.

the photo taken needs to be at a 90 degree angle because the scale ruler needs to be next to the object, if the photo is not at an 90 degree angle the image becomes distorted and unusable.

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3 types of cameras:
Metric: Cannot focus lens when taking a photo which means they have limited distance in which they can take photos.
Stereometric: This camera can be used to produce 3D photographs by taking two different photos from different angles
Normal: All calibration for the camera is calculated.

Shadows are eliminated by using secondary lights so there are as few shadows as possible

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what is the procedure and process for taking images at a crime scene?

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what is the procedure and process for taking images at a crime scene?

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This is important for film cameras. It can record photographic variables, for example camera type, lens focal length, aperture, shutter speed, iso settings, whether the flash was used or not focal length - these are all done automatically with digital cameras

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A scale is provided from an image taken as indication as the particular size of a piece of evidence. This provides information about the conditions of which the image was taken under, these can be presented in court to make the image more trustworthy, providing an accurate representation of the scene. A labelled scale uses the same elements of a photo identifier along with additional information depending on the sops.

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The purpose of crime scene photography is to document what is the reand where it is in relationship to the scene, whether it is obviously connected to the crime or not.

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The purpose of crime scene photography is to document what is the reand where it is in relationship to the scene, whether it is obviously connected to the crime or not.

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Weather can affect fragile evidence, therefore protection of crucial evidence is very important. It's usually protected by portable shelter e.g. tent or canopy. 

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Weather can affect fragile evidence, therefore protection of crucial evidence is very important. It's usually protected by portable shelter e.g. tent or canopy. 

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Investigators must wear there PEE kit before entering the crime scene, then after they must fill in an entre log and being taking images.The images taken at 90 degrees angle and short, medium and long range images. Any images not presnted in court must be secured on a photolog. This is to ensure the images are safe and not tmapered woth so the defense team dont have anyhting against them, for missin images.
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Composition
- make primary subject as large as possible
- try to elongate anything that isn’t the primary subject
- distracting foreground elements: tilt the camera up
- distracting background elements: tilt the camera down
- shadow control: eliminate sun shadows and own shadows

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Photography techniques such as lighting and aperture can help visualise important evidence.

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F/stop selection
- f/8 f/11 f/16 and f/22 provide the best DOF ranges

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Equipment used in forensic photography

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- Designed by American Board of Forensic Odontology
- Standard for bite mark measurement & photography
- 3 circles —> Help compensate for distortion resulting from oblique camera angles
- Overall size 105mm x 105mm
- Alternating Black & white bars (1cm) permit measurements from over and under exposed photos
- Rigid 1mm thick l-shaped laminated plastic millimetre markings accurate to 0.1mm or better

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Location
- photographs of the location of the crime should be made.
- This includes location of doors and windows.
- Aerial photographs are often useful to depict the location.

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Close up photographs
- close up pictures should be taken to further clarify the scene.
- 3 photographs should be routinely taken: 1) showing the item as it appears 2) the item with a ruler included 3) the item without the ruler once more

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Long / medium range shots
- can be used to record the location of the item concerned

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Correctly composing an image taken from a crime scene means ensuring the primary subject of the image is within the field of view along with the conscious selection of everything in the field of view and giving the primary subject from different angles distances and points of views. Composition includes the choice of elements to include or exclude from the photograph and the selection of the view point.

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Admissibility of photographs

The investigator must be able to testify that it accurately depicts the area shown

To be accurate the image must represent the subject matter properly in terms of form and scale

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Consists of:
- The case number
- The date and time (Usually date and time of when the photographs were first being taken)
- Address/Location
- Photographer who took the photo (Name/initials/badge number etc)

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Photo log

Includes the case number, date, time, photographers name, type of camera, lens and a listing of each photograph

This is why it is important not to delete any photographs as the the evidence will not be admissible in court

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Depth of field is the area of your photograph from the foreground to the background which appear in focus. If a series of crime scene photos is needed for orientation purposes, then a greater depth of field is required.

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A labelled scale results in higher validity of the photograph/evidence administered in court due to it providing numerous sources of data regarding the conditions in which the photograph was taken.
Same Elements as the photo identifier.

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The technique used at crime scenes is primarily a three-step process:

A long or wide-angle view, sometimes referred to as an establishing shot.

A medium or midrange view which focuses on particular objects, areas or evidence items.

A close-up view that clearly shows what the item is, its condition and its position at the scene.

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Process

The majority of evidence photography is now done using digital cameras and equipment. All photographs taken are saved as originally captured, entered into evidence inventory and tracked.

When images are presented, they must be clearly identified as a working and/or enhanced version. The original camera sequential numbering system should be retained to show that images are in order and none have been removed. The working images should not be renamed until identified or selected for use, and original files should not be renamed at all.