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Exergy and environmental analysis of black liquor upgrading gasification in an integrated kraft pulp and ammonia production plant

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Exergy and environmental analysis of black liquor upgrading gasification in an integrated kraft pulp and ammonia production plant

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Artigo publicado no International Journal of Exergy

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O projeto “Competências em Engenharia de Processos para o Desenvolvimento da Indústria Inovadora do Futuro”, coordenado pelo prof. Moisés, foi selecionado pela CAPES no Edital BRAFITEC 2019. O projeto contempla 36 bolsas de intercâmbio e duplo diploma de alunos de graduação com instituições francesas ao longo de 4 anos. Será uma excelente oportunidade para estimular novas parcerias também em pesquisa.

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Nos dias 13 e 14 de maio de 2020, o V Congresso de Óleos e Gorduras terá como uma das palestras: Desenvolvimento de Ferramentas Computacionais para Design de Produtos com Óleos e Gorduras, por prof. Moisés Teles.

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XII Congresso Brasileiro de AgroInformática

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XII Congresso Brasileiro de AgroInformática

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A participação do Brasil na produção mundial de suco de laranja é expressiva: 64%. Os resíduos do beneficiamento da laranja correspondem de 50% a 60% da massa da fruta in natura. Como gerar valor com este resíduo? O trabalho de mestrado de Lorrayne Lins Suzuki “Análise técnico-econômica e ambiental de processos de valorização do resíduo da indústria de suco de laranja” foi apresentado no (IoT na Agricultura), organizado pela EMBRAPA, Fatec-Indaiatuba e UEPG.

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Com a banca formada pelo prof. Bruno Faccini (UNIFESP) e Cláudia Echevenguá (IPT), nossa colega Lorrayne obteve seu mestrado em Engenharia Química pela EPUSP com indicação ao Prêmio Giovanni Brunello do PEQ/EPUSP. Parabéns Lorrayne!

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Trabalho de Meire Ellen a ser apresentado no #PSEBr2019: I Congresso Brasileiro em Engenharia de Sistemas em Processos 

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Trabalho de Meire Ellen a ser apresentado no #PSEBr2019: I Congresso Brasileiro em Engenharia de Sistemas em Processos 

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Seminários da Disciplina de Biorefinarias 2019

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Seminários da Disciplina de Biorefinarias 2019

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Video da Apresentação de Bruno Theozzo no PSEBr2019

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Video da Apresentação de Bruno Theozzo no PSEBr2019

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https://www.facebook.com/peq.ufrj/

A MILP framework for optimal Biorefinery Design suited for Forest Systems evaluation

Tuesday (05/21)
14:00 – 15:30 Oral Session – TO3

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artigo publicado na Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Química da #abeq
https://www.abeq.org.br/sms/files/rebeq2017_finalCorrigida2.pdf

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Todos convidados à defesa de mestrado de Lorrayne Suzuki.
ANÁLISE TÉCNICO-ECONÔMICA E AMBIENTAL DE PROCESSOS DE VALORIZAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DA INDÚSTRIA DE SUCO DE LARANJA

Dia 02/10, às 14h, bloco 21 superior.
Banca: Moisés Teles (USP)
Claudia Echevengua Teixeira (IPT)
Bruno Faccini (UNIFESP).

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Pyrolysis oil is a liquid produced from a variety of biomass feedstock (see Pyrolysis), but as such it is not suitable for direct use as a transportation fuel. Further treatment of the oil will be required.

Two different routes are currently considered to produce biofuels from pyrolysis oil:

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pyrolysis oil to produce an oil refinery compatible feedstock or final biofuel.

Syngas production from pyrolysis oil, and subsequently synthesized to a transportation fuel.

Hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis oil (HDO)

In the 'HDO process', pyrolysis oil is treated with hydrogen at elevated pressure in the presence of a catalyst. The aim is to stabilize the oil, and to enable further treatment/upgrading to a transportation fuel. In the past, stabilisation of pyrolysis oil essentially meant decreasing its oxygen content, as this parameter was considered to be the main cause for loss in thermal stability. However, it is not the oxygen content per se that is important, but merely the way the oxygen is bound. For example, If present, the oxygen should be there as an alcohol group rather than as a keton, or sugar group.

This approach was further developed in the FP6 project BIOCOUP. After mild hydrogenation, the stabilized PO can be co-fed in a conventional Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit or Hydrotreater of a conventional oil refinery. On small scale, it was demonstrated that shown that 20% of VGO (Vacuum Gas Oil) could be replaced by the renewable, stabilized pyrolysis oil. This 20% replacement would already unlock a huge potential for renewable biofuels.

Alternatively, the stabilized oil can be further treated with hydrogen to obtain a product which is for example miscible with mineral diesel and an oxygen content which is (close to) zero. However, the most critical step is the first stabilisation step. In co-operation with the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (Russia) and the RijksUniversiteit Groningen (Netherlands), this initial stabilisation step has been further developed. This cooperation has led to the filing of a joint patent, and this proprietary catalyst is now used by BTG in the 1st step of the pyrolysis oil upgrading process.

Syngas production from pyrolysis oil

Syngas or synthesis gas is produced from a variety of feedstocks like e.g. coal, petcoke, natural gas and naphtha. The raw syngas from gasifiers or reformers is further cleaned and fed to a synthesis process to produce for example methanol, ammonia or Fischer-Tropsch liquids. The synthesis processes do have in common that high process pressures are applied. Contrary to solid biomass, pyrolysis oil can be easily pressurized. In addition, pyrolysis oil is virtually free of minerals and a catalyst might be applied. Therefore, two different approaches are further evaluated within BTG:

Pressurized, oxygen blow (non-slagging) Entrained flow gasification

Autothermal Catalytic Reforming (ACR)

Entrained flow gasification
Entrained flow reactors use atomised liquid, slurry or dry pulverised solid as a feedstock. Once pumped inside the gasifier, the feedstock is gasified with oxygen in a co-current flow. The residence time is only a few seconds. The temperatures are usually very high: typically 1,300 to 1,500 °C. BTG carried out experiments on a small scale to evaluate the entrained flow gasification of pyrolysis oil ( ~ 1 kg/hr). Subsequently, Shell and BTG conducted a successful experiment in 2002 using the atmospheric entrained flow gasifier of UET in Freiberg. During this test more than 1 ton of pyrolysis oil was gasified. Within the so-called SupraBio project new tests are scheduled in an oxygen blown, pressurized entrained flow gasifier. The pyrolysis oil gasification tests will be carried out in co-operation with ETC (Pitea, Sweden).

Autothermal Catalytic Reforming (ACR)

Autothermal Catalytic Reforming is a well-known process in the chemical industry. In the top of the reformer the fuel is partially combusted with oxygen to achieve the required temperature for reforming. The 2nd part of the gasifier is filled with a steam reforming catalyst. Typically, Ni or PGM based catalysts are used to enable high conversions at temperatures significantly lower than used in entrained flow gasification. At BTG an ACR-type reactor has been constructed to develop this process for pyrolysis oil reforming. Currently, the unit operates with air and ambient pressure. Both fixed bed and monolith catalysts are tested.

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Pyrolysis oil is a liquid produced from a variety of biomass feedstock (see Pyrolysis), but as such it is not suitable for direct use as a transportation fuel. Further treatment of the oil will be required. Two different routes are currently considered to produce biofuels from pyrolysis oil: Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pyrolysis oil to produce an oil refinery compatible feedstock or final biofuel.

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In addition to taking advantage of industrial processes, the company is able to utilise liquid industrial sidestreams, replacing industrial fertilisers with nutrients found in industrial effluents, for the purposes of cultivating microalgae biomass.

While algae cultivation is primarily carried out using artificial fertilisers, the production method developed by the company is based on circular economy thinking, where industrial effluents are considered a valuable and recoverable raw material. The method combines three useful factors from the perspective of the circular economy:

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is collected from industrial process gases to be used in the cultivation of microalgae in a bioreactor.

Algae help clean up nutrient-rich industrial effluents.

In conjunction with water purification, the organic and inorganic substances included in the effluents are used as a natural fertiliser in microalgae cultivation to produce valuable components, such as fatty acids, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and antioxidants.

"What is unique, in addition to this novel cultivation technique, is that one of the microalgae used by the company has been extracted from a Finnish lake," says researcher Elina Peltomaa, one of the founders of Algonomi Oy.

Valuable components from microalgae

Water purification in industrial plants is a statutory requirement and expense for businesses. In the traditional wastewater purification process, nutrients are not recovered for further use. However, industrial effluents can be utilised before they end up in a water treatment plant; they contain valuable organic and inorganic compounds and nutrients which can be further used as an excellent growth medium in algae cultivation, producing, at the same time, useful algae biomass. Thanks to the absence of harmful substances, many industrial effluents are suitable for algae cultivation.

"Microalgae cultivation yields valuable ingredients for human and animal food. Microalgae metabolism produces many valuable components, such as long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) and other bioactive lipids, pigments and vitamins that have great financial value," adds researcher Marika Tossavainen, another founding member of the startup.

Such compounds can be utilised, for example, in functional food, nutritional supplements and cosmetics. This way, Algonomi's production process also supports a food economy that is ecologically more sustainable. Western countries have become aware of the ecological effects of intensive farming and meat consumption, understanding that the strain put on the global ecosystem by plant-based food is much smaller.

Versatile microalgae

Algonomi produces valuable components for, among other sectors, the cosmetics industry. Manufacturers of cosmetics can use these components extracted from microalgae to make products that promote skin health. Moreover, they can replace intentionally added microplastics with a starch grain produced by the specific microalga, which is insoluble in water.

A future goal is to also produce microalgae for the food and feed industries. Industrial food producers can use valuable components extracted from microalgae to add vitamins, fatty acids, antioxidants, pigments, proteins and carbohydrates to their products.

As for feed manufacturers, the benefits of algae relate to animal welfare. Research has shown that certain microalgae can increase cows' feed digestibility by 15% while reducing methane emissions by 10%. In terms of feeding larger cow populations, the latter is a significant factor in the fight against climate change.

Algonomi is founded on solid science

The combination of expertise in both basic and applied research has been essential to establishing the company.

The implementation of Algonomi's production process has required scientific knowledge in ecology and expertise in algae. Finding those strains of algae that contain the most valuable and useful components has required basic research, which has been conducted, among others, by Elina Peltomaa and Anne Ojala.

"The same compounds that are valuable in bioreactor grown microalgae are also valuable in the food chains of natural water environments," Peltomaa states.

Findings gained through basic research on the production process have been combined with observations made in applied research, leading to a doctoral dissertation completed by Marika Tossavainen in 2018(article in Finnish only), which focuses on microalgaculture with the help of industrial effluents, as well as on the high-value compounds in the biomass produced and their utilisation.

The people and funders behind the research and the startup

Based on algae research, the Algonomi Oy startup was established by a group whose founding members are researchers Anne Ojala, Elina Peltomaa, Martin Romantschuk, Marika Tossavainen, Léon Mercier and CEO Roy Nyberg.

The algae project originated in the research carried out by University Lecturer Anne Ojala, later joined by Elina Peltomaa, at which point the group began considering the production of biodiesel from microalgae. The work progressed further, and the group was also joined by Professor Martin Romantschuk and researcher Marika Tossavainen. Last to join the research group is doctoral student Léon Mercier. In recent years, the group has investigated, among other things, the suitability of algae biomass cultured in industrial effluents for nutrition and the high-value compounds extracted from this mass. The research group has also collaborated with a group headed by Professor Vieno Piironen. Tossavainen's doctoral dissertation on the topic was published in October 2018. Before establishing the company, the group explored the launch of business operations with the help of project funding awarded by Business Finland, with the related commercialisation activities coordinated by Roy Nyberg.

The group's algae research, and particularly its commercialisation as one of the goals, has received research and innovation funding from the government through the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation Tekes, and its successor Business Finland. Funding has also been granted by the European Regional Development Fund.

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Algonomi produces valuable microalgae from industrial effluents | University of Helsinki

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In addition to taking advantage of industrial processes, the company is able to utilise liquid industrial sidestreams, replacing industrial fertilisers with nutrients found in industrial effluents, for the purposes of cultivating microalgae biomass. While algae cultivation is primarily carried out using artificial fertilisers, the production method developed by the company is based on circular economy thinking, where industrial effluents are considered a valuable and recoverable raw material.

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Empyro BV started construction of its pyrolysis oil production facility in Hengelo, the Netherlands. 

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Empyro BV started construction of its pyrolysis oil production facility in Hengelo, the Netherlands. 

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Biomass to pyrolysis oil: Demonstration on a commercial scale in The Netherlands

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Para Empresas, Universidades e Centros de Pesquisa

Projeto, Fabricação e Implantação de Plantas Industriais, Piloto e Laboratoriais

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Bioware | Pirólise de biomassa e outros resíduos

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Somos a empresa referência no país em pirólise rápida e gaseificação. Soluções e tecnologia para gerenciamento de biomassa e outros resíduos.

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O trabalho da  nossa colega Lorrayne foi aprovado para apresentação no Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática (SBIAgro 2019) e o trabalho da nossa colega Meire Ellen apresentado no 32nd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization,
Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems foi selecionado para publicação no
International Journal of Exergy (https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijex).

Parabéns às duas pelos trabalhos, que enobrecem e fortalecem o grupo.

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O Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática (SBIAgro 2019) é o principal evento científico da área de informática aplicada à agricultura no Brasil. Tem como ojetivo promover o compartilhamento de resultados de pesquisas, a troca de ideias sobre trabalhos em andamento e a inovação no setor. Na sua 12ª edição, terá como tema principal "IoT na Agricultura", visão atual e futura.

Promovido pela Associação Brasileira de Agroinformática (SBIAgro), o congresso será realizado entre os dias 11 e 14 de novembro de 2019, na Faculdade de Tecnologia de São Paulo (Fatec), campus de Indaiatuba (SP) - uma região que se destaca pela forte presença de empresas de alta tecnologia e de universidades com reconhecimento internacional.

O evento é composto por painéis, palestras, apresentação de trabalhos científicos, concurso de teses e dissertações, além de um concurso de iniciação científica. Nesta edição, haverá também espaço para resumos, na categoria pôster, a fim de propiciar a apresentação de soluções de ferramentas, processos tecnológicos ou resultados parciais de PD&I.

O SBIAgro 2019 contará ainda com a segunda edição do Conect@, evento paralelo de relacionamento entre instituições, empresas, investidores e desenvolvedores de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), que visa proporcionar um ambiente para networking e articulação de negócios e parcerias em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovações. A ideia é que a integração de diferentes perfis, resultantes da interdisciplinaridade inerente à Agroinformática, estimule o surgimento de novos projetos e negócios.

A organização do congresso está sob responsabilidade da Fatec Indaiatuba, Embrapa Informática Agropecuária e Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG).

Clique aqui e confira as fotos da edição anterior.

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O Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática (SBIAgro 2019) é o principal evento científico da área de informática aplicada à agricultura no Brasil. Tem como ojetivo promover o compartilhamento de resultados de pesquisas, a troca de ideias sobre trabalhos em andamento e a inovação no setor.

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Solvays Peroxides’ plant in Portugal has partnered with a local biotech company for the on-site production of microalgae that will capture the equivalent of all its CO ₂

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Reaching carbon neutrality thanks to algae!

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Our Peroxides' plant in Povoa partnered with biotech company Algae for Future to produce microalgae that will capture the site's CO2 emissions.

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Desenvolvimento de protetores solares a partir do Líquido da Castanha de Caju.

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Desenvolvimento de protetores solares a partir do Líquido da Castanha de Caju.

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Os agentes tradicionalmente usados são de origem petroquímica, não biodegradáveis e poluentes de sistemas aquáticos.

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Depuis quelques mois, la question des crèmes solaires est de plus en plus sensible. Indispensables à la protection de notre peau, les produits classiques participent activement à la pollution de notre environnement. C'est pourquoi des chercheurs ont cherché dans les noix de cajou, une solution plus verte.

Cet été, vous avez peut-être profité des rayons ultraviolets (UV) généreusement offerts par le pour prendre quelques . Quelques couleurs, c'est plutôt bien. Mais pour éviter les coups de soleil qui peuvent faire très mal - à court comme à plus long terme -, mieux vaut avoir recours à une bonne crème solaire . Et des chercheurs nous proposent aujourd'hui une formulation inédite et naturelle, à base de de noix de cajou .

Rappelons que les agents anti-UV classiques sont souvent d'origine pétrochimique. Ils s'avèrent nocifs pour les écosystèmes aquatiques et difficilement biodégradables . Ainsi les règlementations se font de plus en plus strictes. Comme sur cet du Pacifique, les Palaos, qui compte interdire l'usage de crème solaire à partir de 2020.

Une source renouvelable

" Face à ces préoccupations, nous nous sommes tournés vers une source de renouvelable et non comestible : le contenu dans les coques de noix de cajou  ", explique Charles de Koning, professeur de à l'université de Witwatersrand (Afrique du Sud).

Une source de carbone, car une famille importante de absorbant les UV est dérivée de composés aromatiques connus sous le nom de phénols. Or, les coques de noix de cajou sont riches en constituants phénoliques - comme l' anacardique - finalement faciles à extraire. Et les chercheurs ont donc synthétisé à partir de là, de nouveaux composés aromatiques présentant une bonne capacité d' absorption des UVA et des UVB. Une demande de brevet a déjà été déposée.

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Cela vous intéressera aussi

Qu'est-ce que la chimie verte ? Également qualifiée de chimie durable, la chimie verte a vu le jour dans les années 1990. Son objectif : réconcilier l'innovation scientifique, la demande des consommateurs, l'efficacité économique et les contraintes environnementales. Stéphane Sarrade, directeur de recherche en chimie et génie des procédés, nous en propose une définition en vidéo.

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De la crème solaire bientôt produite à partir de noix de cajou

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Depuis quelques mois, la question des crèmes solaires est de plus en plus sensible. Indispensables à la protection de notre peau, les produits classiques participent activement à la pollution de notre environnement. C'est pourquoi des chercheurs ont cherché dans les noix de cajou, une solution plus verte.

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Atualmente, cerca de 9% de toda a energia elétrica gerada no Brasil provém da queima de biomassa - principalmente bagaço de cana; e essa participação pode ser ampliada de forma significativa com a utilização de outros resíduos agrícolas, tais como palha de cana (ainda pouco utilizada, com potencial de geração de energia semelhante ao do bagaço de cana), casca de arroz, palha e sabugo de milho, casca de café, palha de trigo, cascas e podas de árvores etc.

A utilização comercial desses resíduos como fonte de energia, no entanto, tem esbarrado em uma série de problemas envolvendo coleta, logística de transporte, teores elevados de contaminantes, dentre outros.

Os resíduos agrícolas, em geral, apresentam baixa densidade e, normalmente, arrastam quantidades elevadas de impurezas do solo. No caso da palha de cana, estão em fase de testes a colheita mecanizada da palha de cana com o colmo, com separação da palha na usina, e as enfardadoras, que separam a palha no campo, na forma de fardos, transportados posteriormente para as usinas.

Como os custos de transporte de resíduos agrícolas in natura são elevados devido à baixa densidade, a sua utilização como combustível fica restrita a um raio em torno de 100 km do ponto de coleta. Tecnologias para aumentar a densidade dos resíduos em locais próximos aos pontos de geração já estão em fase comercial, como a compactação, e outras ainda se encontram em desenvolvimento, como a pirólise rápida.

A pirólise rápida converte a biomassa do resíduo agrícola em um óleo, conhecido como bio-óleo ou alcatrão, com aproveitamento energético em torno de 70%. Esse combustível líquido, com densidade pouco acima da água, tem conteúdo energético em torno da metade do óleo combustível fóssil. A compactação gera pellets (cilindros compactados de biomassa com 1 cm de diâmetro) ou briquetes (cilindros de diâmetros acima de 10 cm) com baixa umidade e densidade cerca de cinco a seis vezes mais elevada do que a do resíduo original, em torno de 700 kg/m³. Tanto o bio-óleo como os pellets, além de terem custos de transporte menores, apresentam uniformidade de composição e tamanho, o que lhes confere propriedades de combustão muito superiores aos dos resíduos in natura.

Além da problemática de coleta e logística de transporte, muitos resíduos agrícolas apresentam elementos constituintes prejudiciais ao processo de combustão, como cloro e potássio (p.ex. palha de cana, palha de milho, palha de trigo, palha de algodão, capim elefante etc.). Teores elevados desses elementos na biomassa podem levar à formação de gases ácidos no interior de equipamentos de combustão (principalmente ácido clorídrico) que podem corroer de forma intensa as partes metálicas, bem como formar depósitos sólidos (óxidos e sais), prejudicando a circulação de gases de combustão e a troca de calor. Métodos para evitar esses problemas estão em avaliação e desenvolvimento, como a pré-lavagem dos resíduos com água para a remoção dos contaminantes, torrefação (aquecimento brando da biomassa a temperaturas em torno de 220 o C) e utilização de aditivos na combustão, minimizando, e até eliminando, os problemas de corrosão e incrustação.

Atualmente, diversos centros de pesquisa no país, dentre os quais o IPT, estão avaliando e desenvolvendo métodos de pré-tratamento de resíduos agrícolas a fim de viabilizar a sua utilização como combustíveis e reduzir os seus custos, tornando-os competitivos e com a vantagem de serem neutros na emissão de gases de efeito estufa.
Ademar Hakuo Ushima é pesquisador do Centro de Tecnologia Mecânica, Naval e Elétrica do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT).

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Ademar Hakuo Ushima, do IPT: Os desafios para viabilizar resíduos agrícolas como combustíveis - Brasil Energia

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Atualmente, cerca de 9% de toda a energia elétrica gerada no Brasil provém da queima de biomassa - principalmente bagaço de cana; e essa participação pode ser ampliada de forma significativa com a utilização de outros resíduos agrícolas, tais como palha de cana (ainda pouco utilizada, com potencial de geração de energia semelhante ao do bagaço de cana), casca de arroz, palha e sabugo de milho, casca de café, palha de trigo, cascas e podas de árvores etc.

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BTG anuncia Piloto em Biorrefinaria de Pirólise   (Lignina Pirolítica, Açucares e Extrativos)

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BTG anuncia Piloto em Biorrefinaria de Pirólise   (Lignina Pirolítica, Açucares e Extrativos)

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https://bio4products.eu/btg-commission-world-first-pilot-plant/

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How companies across Europe are creating sustainable products using no fossil fuels

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How companies across Europe are creating sustainable products using no fossil fuels

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Os números são expressivos.

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Projetos da empresa Valmet na área de biorrefinarias

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Projetos da empresa Valmet na área de biorrefinarias

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https://www.valmet.com/media/articles/biofuels-and-biomaterials/

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Químicos de origem renovável: uma realidade industrial.

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Químicos de origem renovável: uma realidade industrial.

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Arkema's R&D is exploring additional opportunities based on other plant species as raw materials:

Propylene, which is used to manufacture our acrylic acid essential for countless applications (pharmaceuticals, paper industry, paints, etc.), could be produced from glycerol, a polyol obtained from the production of biofuels made from rapeseed, sunflower or soya oil.

Cecabase®RT additives for road bitumen contain surfactants 50% made from raw materials of renewable origin. Their use helps reduce by up to 50°C the application temperature of road surfacing, and thus significantly save energy consumption compared to the standard process.

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Arkema's R&D is exploring additional opportunities based on other plant species as raw materials: Propylene, which is used to manufacture our acrylic acid essential for countless applications (pharmaceuticals, paper industry, paints, etc.), could be produced from glycerol, a polyol obtained from the production of biofuels made from rapeseed, sunflower or soya oil.