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The results show more than 1 in 4 people who accessed public services, such as health care and education, paid a bribe in the previous year. This is equivalent to approximately 130 million people.

The report also highlights that corruption disproportionately affects the most vulnerable, with the poorest paying bribes twice as often as the richest. Young people pay more bribes than those over 55 years old.  (/www.transparency.org/news/pressrelease/one_in_four_people_in_africa_pay_bribes_survey_says)

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Service provision may be limited to elites and exploited by them for personal benefits only

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Service provision may be limited to elites and exploited by them for personal benefits only

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1. Unwillingness of health experts to work in rural areas

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1. Unwillingness of health experts to work in rural areas

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2. Poor capacity of local government to improve capacity of healthcare staffs
3. Expensive services resulting from privatisation
4. Transportation challenges for infrastructure and professionals
5. Communication challenges

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Exclusion of vulnerable groups
Low number of skilled professionals
Infrastructure
Political will
Corruption
Complimentary services

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1. Lack of health awareness - due to cultural and religious beliefs, rural citizens tend to give less importance to modern health practices

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1. Lack of health awareness - due to cultural and religious beliefs, rural citizens tend to give less importance to modern health practices

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2. Lack of medical diagnostic equipment make it difficult to control

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Difficulty in monitoring consistency and quality of health service

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Limited financial capacity of government

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Limited financial capacity of government

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May not fit Ugandan economic model (if some services are privatised etc.)

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May not fit Ugandan economic model (if some services are privatised etc.)

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Lingering belief in traditional health practices

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Lingering belief in traditional health practices

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- Lack of human resources, for examples: qualified doctors and nurses; 

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- Lack of human resources, for examples: qualified doctors and nurses; 

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- Lack of infrastructure: ie: Only 18% of rural population access to electricity (https://tradingeconomics.com/uganda/rural-population-percent-of-total-population-wb-data.html)

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Lack of provision of tools, equipment, difficulty in accessing local expertise

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Lack of provision of tools, equipment, difficulty in accessing local expertise

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Larger administration overhead costs - less on service provision

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Larger administration overhead costs - less on service provision

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1. Limited budget
2. Infrastructure (esp. road)
3. Lack of Human Resources (professional health workers) and sometimes they don't wanna work in remote areas
4. Lack of medical resources (equipment and medicines)
5. Corruption (both the fund and equipment)
6. Power relations within the community (marginalised community often unable to access the health services because they feel they are neglected)
7. Elite capture