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Donohue B, Hill H, Maier-Paarlberg (2007),Domestic Violence, Encyclopedia of Stress (Second Edition),Academic Press

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Donohue B, Hill H, Maier-Paarlberg (2007),Domestic Violence, Encyclopedia of Stress (Second Edition),Academic Press

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/psychological-abuse

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Mental abuse has three types of abuse. It can be sexual abuse, physical abuse and emotional abuse. Psychological or emotional abuse  usually happens among teenagers and indirectly it can damage the mental health of someone. This emotional abuse can happen when someone tries to control their partner in order to maintain their power. Emotional abuse can be accompanied by another kind of abuse which is sexual, financial and physical.

Emotional abuse happens when yelling and anger go too far or when the teenager constantly criticizes, threatens, or talks down to other kids or teens until their self-esteem is damaged and they feel really bad about themselves. Emotional abuse can hurt and cause damage just as physical and sexual abuse do.

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BASIC PSYCHOLOGY
GROUP E-PORTFOLIO (15%)
SECTION: 709
MADAM ASMIZA BINTI SHAMSHI
SEM 3, 2020/2021

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1. Sitti Nuratika binti Samsuddin (203275)

2. Sharifah Wieam binti Syed Nazmi (203566)

3. Nur Ixora Qasrina binti Isma Rahim (202481)

4. Nur Najiihah binti Nazri (202542)

5. Intan Norhafazah binti Mansor (200953)

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd)

People who have encountered or witnessed a traumatic incident such as a natural disaster, a catastrophic accident, a terrorist attack, war/combat, or rape, or who have been threatened with death, sexual violence, or major injury, may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Everyone reacts differently to distressing circumstances. Each person's ability to cope with anxiety, stress, and the threat represented by a traumatic event or scenario is unique. As a result, not everyone who experiences a traumatic event will get PTSD. Also, the type of aid and care a person receives from friends, family, and professionals after a traumatic event may have an impact on the development of PTSD or the severity of the symptoms.War veterans were the ones who initially brought PTSD to the medical community's notice, hence the terms shell shock and battle fatigue syndrome. Anyone who has experienced a traumatic event, on the other hand, can get PTSD. PTSD is more likely to develop in those who were abused as children or who have been repeatedly exposed to life-threatening events. Victims of physical and sexual abuse confront a variety of challenges.

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Insomnia ( sleep disorder)

Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling and/or staying asleep.The condition can be short-term (acute) or can last a long time (chronic). It may also come and go.Acute insomnia lasts from 1 night to a few weeks. Insomnia is chronic when it happens at least 3 nights a week for 3 months or more.

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How Negative Punishment Work (2020) Kendra Cherry

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How Negative Punishment Work (2020) Kendra Cherry

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https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-negative-punishment-2795409

https://www.verywellmind.com/identify-and-cope-with-emotional-abuse-4156673

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Psychology abuse or often call as verbal, mental or emotional abuse  refer to derogatory statements that can cause harm to the victims.  Without the visible signs of physical abuse, mental abuse can stay hidden for years. Mental abuse can be as devastating as physical abuse as it affects the way of thinking and feelings that will take control over the victim life.

Nowadays, mental abuse often happened among the teenagers. Why and how exactly the situation happen ? We shall identify the background to find out the roots  of mental abuse  problem.

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Mental abuse is a critical matter that need full attention from every sides either societies or government. Mental abuse can happen to anyone from all age range, and it is a matter of life. If the victim can not control themself from all the mental abuse, they might kill themself in order to feel peace.

The person that suffer from mental abuse have the tendency to suffer mentally and change their behavior in order to hide their pain.

The government must do something about this issue. For example, raise a public awareness of this issue, so that people will know what exactly mental abuse is. Mental abuse can happen in every situation with hurtful words.  To prevent the silent of mental abuse victim, society should work together. Try to talk to someone that seem quite that seems to be asking for help. The victim tend to hide their feelings and often lost themself in silence. Society need to be more responsive and alert with this. As for the parents, try to not say anything that can trigger the children. Everyone should contribute and take action to play their part.

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For decades, teenage girls across Western New York turned to Wayne Aarum for guidance, friendship and a connection to spiritual authority.

Aarum, who was a youth pastor at The Chapel, a large Buffalo-area church, and later the camp president at Circle C Ranch, a Christian camp in rural Cattaraugus County, was a well-known presence in the religious ecosystem in the region and was heavily involved in helping them navigate their adolescent problems.

But years later, some of these girls would allege that they suffered sexual and emotional abuse at Aarum's hands.

Fourteen of those women are publicly sharing their stories in an exclusive USA Today network investigation, saying that Aarum's magnetic hold over them in their youth allowed him to engage in decades of physical intimacy and emotional manipulation.

The investigation found that the women, other camp staff members and church authorities in the area tried to confront Aarum, or, raise the alarm about his behavior to others, including local authorities. He is still president of the Ranch, as of spring 2021.

Aurum has consistently denied doing anything inappropriate.

Victims and witnesses say the effects of Aarum's alleged actions have grown and ripped apart personal relationships and church alliances in the close-knit Christian community in Western New York.

Read more about the women's allegations and how they came forward here.
Read about how a camp employee went to authorities about her concerns about Aarum's behavior. Read about how emotional abuse is difficult to spot and can inflict lasting damage on victims.
Something to say? Share your story

Did you have an experience with Circle C Ranch or The Chapel that you'd like to share with USA TODAY network reporters? Share your story here.
Georgie Silvarole is the backpack reporter for the USA TODAY Network in New York. You can reach her on Twitter @gsilvarole or by email at gsilvarole@gannett.com. Sarah Taddeo is an enterprise reporter for USA Today Network's in New York. Contact Sarah at STADDEO@Gannett.com. Follow her on Twitter @Sjtaddeo. This coverage is only possible with support from our readers. Please consider becoming a digital subscriber.

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Investigation: 16 women say this pastor and camp president abused them. Read their stories.

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For decades, teenage girls across Western New York turned to Wayne Aarum for guidance, friendship and a connection to spiritual authority.

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Kar N. (2011). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a review. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 7, 167–181. 

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Kar N. (2011). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a review. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 7, 167–181. 

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https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S10389

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Mental Abuse Definition (N.A) Law insider

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Mental Abuse Definition (N.A) Law insider

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https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/mental-abuse

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Any event or object that, when occurring in the aftermath of a response, makes that reaction less likely to occur again. In cases of mental abuse, the abuser literally takes away the victim's freedom by influencing or manipulating them mentally. Normally, the victims would be swayed and lose themselves. They will be kept in the dark and buried deep underground, helpless.

The punishment through removal is referred to as Negative Punishment. The withdrawal of a pleasure stimulus as punishment for a reaction. The abuser often seizes opportunities, no matter how little, to take control of the victim's life. For example, they may threaten the victim with the disposal of anything precious to the victim.

It is possible that the punisher will be avoided rather than the act being punished. This is better. The best remedy to this situation is for the victims to locate an escape and get away from the abuser. Psychologically, they will regain their normal selves.

It is possible that lying in order to escape punishment may be encouraged. The escape may be difficult and unseen, but it is possible as long as the victim is aware of the abuser's actions. The victim can gradually strategize his or her escape by lying and convincing the abuser to blind them, allowing them to eventually find an exit. It is, however, easier said than done. The victims who endured had a variety of negative experiences. In this scenario, we must avoid the bad punishment that has tortured us and has produced no positive results.

It instils fear and worry. In reality, many people are confronted with Mental Abuse in their surroundings. It leads to a slew of mental health issues. Many people were still hesitant and terrified to leave those situations. Some people simply give up fighting for themselves and have acquired helplessness just because they love the abuser. In the belief that they will be able to change the abuser's behaviour. In a word, we must not attempt to "heal" people on our own. No. We must look for others to back us up.

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Palman, D. (2006). Negative punishment. Available via www. uspcak9. com/t raining/negative_punishment. pdf (Accessed 7 December 2006).

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Palman, D. (2006). Negative punishment. Available via www. uspcak9. com/t raining/negative_punishment. pdf (Accessed 7 December 2006).

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http://mesard.org/Articles/Negative%20Punishment1.pdf

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https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/family-abuse.html#:~:text=Emotional%20abuse%20happens%20when%20yelling,physical%20and%20sexual%20abuse%20do.

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By this treatment, patience learn how to gain control by facing negative feelings, involving talking about trauma with provider and doing things that was avoided because of the trauma. Next, trauma-focused psychotherapies teach to reframe negative thoughts about the trauma, which involving talking about negative thoughts and doing short writings. Thus, it also helps to process and make sense of the trauma, involving calling the trauma to mind while paying attention to movement or sound.

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Trauma-focused Psychotherapies are the most commonly recommended form of PTSD treatment. The term "trauma-focused" refers to a treatment that focuses on the memory or significance of a traumatic incident. Different strategies are used in these treatments to assist you in processing your traumatic event. Visualizing, talking, or thinking about the traumatic memories are some of the techniques used. Others concentrate on changing unhelpful trauma beliefs. They typically last between 8 and 16 sessions.

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CBT-I is a type of cognitive behavioural therapy that can help you control or eliminate negative thoughts and actions that keep you awake. It is generally recommended as the first line of treatment for insomnia. CBT-I is typically as effective as or more effective than sleep medicines.

CBT-cognitive I's component teaches you how to notice and change thoughts that interfere with your sleep.It can assist you in reducing or eliminating negative thoughts and worries that keep you awake at night. It could also entail breaking the loop of worrying so much about obtaining enough sleep that you can't fall asleep.

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This solution helps to recognize related thoughts about the traumatic event and its consequences to life. This helps to analyze how we think about the trauma and how to live with it. For instance, if we been blaming ourselves for something, therapist will help take into account all the things beyond our control resulting us to be able to move forward, understand and accept that it was not our fault despite things we did or did not do.

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Tracy N, (2019), Psychological Abuse:  Definition, Signs and Symptoms, Healthy Place

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Tracy N, (2019), Psychological Abuse:  Definition, Signs and Symptoms, Healthy Place

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https://www.healthyplace.com/abuse/emotional-psychological-abuse/psychological-abuse-definition-signs-and-symptoms

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According to American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines, PE, CPT and trauma-focused CBT have been strongly recommended as treatments for PTSD. It suggests that PE, CPT and trauma-focused CBT should be the first line of treatment for PTSD whenever possible, considering patient preferences and values and clinician expertise. Research examining patient preferences suggests that individuals prefer PE, CPT and trauma-focused CBT to other treatments.

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According to Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, in a randomized controlled trial, children and young people with PTSD who received individual trauma-focused CBT experienced significantly greater improvement in symptoms not only of PTSD, but also depression and anxiety, with significantly better functioning compared with wait-lists. While 92% of participants no longer met criteria for PTSD after CBT, this figure was 42% in the wait-list group. CBT gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. An 18-week, group-administered course of CBT for pediatric PTSD after a single-incident stressor reported that the majority of patients (82.4%) completed treatment. Of these, 57% no longer met the criteria for PTSD immediately after treatment, and 86% were free of PTSD at six-month follow-up.

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Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). Treating PTSD: A Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 12, 258. 

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Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). Treating PTSD: A Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 12, 258. 

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https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00258

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This is one of the real cases that happen in United States.