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The thirteen original colonies/original states of the United States were:  Massachusetts (including present day Maine), New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York (including present day Vermont), New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.

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The United States of America acquired the lands that would become Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan from the Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 with England after the American Revolution.

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The Louisiana Purchase, signed in 1803, would nearly double the size of the United States.  The lands acquired through the Louisiana Purchase included territories that would become the following states: Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.

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cede: give up; Spain ceded (gave up) Florida to the US in the Adams-Onis Treaty. 

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Florida was ceded to the United States in 1819 from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty.

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James K. Polk came to office, as the 11th president, with four major goals: cut tariffs, reestablish an independent U.S. Treasury, secure the Oregon Territory and acquire the territories of California and New Mexico from Mexico. Complete Manifest Destiny to the Pacific Ocean. He achieved these goals and left office, voluntarily, after 1 term.

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Oregon Country was ceded to the United States in 1846 by England.

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Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836.  Texas agreed to be annexed by the United States in 1845.

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The annexation of Texas resulted in the Mexican American War (1845-1848).  The United States victory in the war resulted in the Mexican Cession of lands that would become Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and California after the war ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo