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The term "A City on a Hill" comes from Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, where he teaches about Salt and Light. [first] In modern politics, it refers to the United States acting as a "beacon of hope" for the rest of the globe. "As a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us," Winthrop reminded his fellow Puritans. In other words, if the Puritans broke their covenant with God, their crimes and errors would be exposed to the entire world. Before he and his fellow immigrants arrived in New England, John Winthrop spoke the following sermon. The metaphor "a city on a hill," which was used to represent the anticipation that the Massachusetts Bay colony will shine as an example to the rest of the world, became famous in the sermon.

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Calvinism is a prominent branch of Protestantism that adheres to John Calvin's and other Reformation-era theologians' theological legacy and forms of Christian practice. It emphasizes God's sovereignty and the Bible's authority. John Calvin is well known for his important Institutes of Christian Religion, which was the reform movement's first systematic theological work. He emphasized the notion of predestination, and his Calvinistic interpretations of Christian doctrines are typical of Reformed churches. Calvin's religious beliefs highlighted the Bible's sovereignty and divine predestination.

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A witch-hunt, sometimes known as a witch purging, is a search for people who have been accused of being witches or seeking evidence of witchcraft. The period of witch-hunts in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America occurred from 1450 and 1750, covering the Reformation resulted in an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 executions. In Europe, the last executions of people accused of being witches took place in the 18th century. In today's words, a "witch-hunt" refers to an inquiry that is frequently carried out with a lot of fanfare to detect odd activity, treason, and so on, but is really intended to intimidate political opponents. Moral panic or mass hysteria may be present as well.

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McCarthyism is the practice of accusing someone of treason and subversion, particularly when it comes to communism and socialism. Government personnel, notable personalities in the entertainment business, academics, left-wing politicians, and labor union activists were the major targets of McCarthyist persecution. Suspicions were frequently given weight despite ambiguous and dubious evidence, and the threat represented by a person's actual or alleged leftist affiliations and beliefs was frequently exaggerated. As a result of the crackdowns on suspected communists, many people lost their jobs, their careers, and their livelihoods, and some were imprisoned outright. The majority of these retaliations were sparked by jury decisions that were later overturned.

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The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who attempted to rid the Church of England of Roman Catholic customs. During the Protectorate, Puritanism played a crucial role in English history. History of England, particularly during the Protectorate.
Puritans were displeased with the English Reformation's restricted scope and the Church of England's acceptance of many customs connected with the Roman Catholic Church. They created and connected with a variety of religious groups that advocated for greater piety in personal and corporate worship and doctrine.