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1.What   is   the   impact   of   COVID-19  on  Commonwealth  countries’  global  and  intra-Commonwealth  goods  and  services  exports,  and  what  are  the  prospects  for  trade recovery?

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1.What   is   the   impact   of   COVID-19  on  Commonwealth  countries’  global  and  intra-Commonwealth  goods  and  services  exports,  and  what  are  the  prospects  for  trade recovery?

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The Commonwealth is a big group of 54 countries. It includes countries from the east coast of New Zealand to the western part of the Caribbean and South America. Six of these countries are developed while 48 of them are at different points of economic development. Demand for these commodities gets affected due to the Covid-19 and due to this, the prices of these commodities collapsed, mainly fuel prices.  The intra trade of the commonwealth countries was badly affected as compared to the global exports, it is because some of the major intra trade commonwealth countries such as India, the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Singapore suffered an economic contraction and saw solutions, and innovation to tackle the big issue like Covid-19 .
The sources of future growth including from the Commonwealth : After the 2008-09 crises this is the first time the global trade has collapsed and this time the reason was the Covid-19 pandemic. Till March 2021, the commonwealth countries have recorded 20 million infections and 1 million deaths. 32 percent of the global population comes under the commonwealth countries and this is one of the reasons behind the bad impact of the virus on the intra and global trade of commonwealth countries. Covid-19 has badly affected the trade between the Commonwealth countries because it has had an impact on both supply and demand chains. Due to this, the economies of the commonwealth countries get affected. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the 45 commonwealth economies collapsed by $1.45 trillion in a single year (Khorana et al., 2021). advantage.  Covid-19 has badly affected the trade between the Commonwealth countries because it has had an impact on both supply and demand chains. Due to this, the economies of the commonwealth countries get affected. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the 45 commonwealth economies collapsed by $1.45 trillion in a single year (Khorana et al., 2021). The commonwealth countries which largely rely on exporting fuels, agricultural materials, and minerals have been the worst affected countries by the Covid-19. UK, China, European Union, Australia, and the USA only these 5 countries import 55 percent of these commodities. But huge numbers of Covid-19 infections. And the GDP of India and Singapore also decline by 5 percent. The second-largest market for the commonwealth exports is European Union shrunk by 5 percent

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2.Identify  and  evaluate  the  sources  of  future  growth  including  from  the  Commonwealth advantage.

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2.Identify  and  evaluate  the  sources  of  future  growth  including  from  the  Commonwealth advantage.

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All commonwealth countries will need the proper planning to start again the global trade and the plan should be risk-free because the world is still not completely recovered from the Covid-19 pandemic. Post pandemic is a very big opportunity for all the commonwealth countries to boost the dead economies. Maybe this will require a new set of partnerships, solutions, and innovation to tackle the big issue like Covid-19.

Now the numbers of Covid-19 infections and deaths are decreasing and if some commonwealth counties eased the lockdowns, then it would be a very big advantage for the trading. The demands for the commodities like fuel, agriculture, and minerals will again start rising. Industries will start their working, people will also get back to their works and the economies of the Covid-19 affected countries will again start rising, the demand and supply cycle also bouncing back. So, easing the lockdown restriction would be very helpful for the intra and global trading of the commonwealth countries (Escaith., 2020). But some commonwealth countries might need some financial support for health care of the worker from other developing countries. Investments in the sectors like e-commerce, IT, cyber security, healthcare, and biotechnologies can boost the business and the economy as well and as a result, the trades between the commonwealth countries may also boost. Government support will also be needed for the future growth of the commonwealth intra and global trade. Government should lose some restrictions, guidelines, and rules to help multinational trading. Banking sectors can also help to boost trading by minimizing the interest rates on the loans. If banks minimize the interest on loans then businesses will grow more and it will again help commonwealth countries in global trading.
Strengthening the connectivity among our countries is therefore critical, so that trade flows remain resilient during times of crisis. Digital connectivity will be especially key, as the need to interact virtually now will transform the way people trade and do business. It is already a major area of focus for the Commonwealth, under its flagship Connectivity Agenda.
The potential for intra-Commonwealth trade to act as a lifeline during the darkest of times. By leveraging the Commonwealth Advantage and robust policy responses, countries can bolster vital trade and investment flows, to eventually emerge at the end of the tunnel. (Scotland,2021).

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Aspects of discussion
- post pandemic supply chain could be build more stronger
- if digital trade will be free and transparent will help much more to support jobs and allow people to have another standard of life.

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The decline in the value of trade in the United Kingdom

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The decline in the value of trade in the United Kingdom

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Escaith, H., Khorana, S., MacGregor, J.N., Vickers, B, and Ali, S (2020) The potential impact of COVID-19 on Commonwealth trade, recovery, and resilience. Trade Hot Topics, (161).

Patricia Scotland (2021) We must leverage the ‘Commonwealth Advantage’ to counter the economic fallout of COVID-19. The commowealth [online].Available at: https://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/we-must-leverage-commonwealth-advantage-counter-economic-fallout-covid-19

Mattew Ward (2021) Research Briefing [online].Available at: 8282.pdfhttps://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8282/CBP-8282.pdf

Khorana, S., Martínez-Zarzoso, I. and Ali, S (2021) The Impact of COVID-19 on the Global and Intra-Commonwealth Trade in Goods. International Trade Working Paper 2021/08. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.