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1. Nelson Biology 11U textbook.
2. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Anatomy/your-digestive-system/Pages/anatomy.aspx
3. http://www.innerbody.com/image/digeov.html
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system
5. http://www.123rf.com/clipart-vector/pancreas.html

6. http://www.clker.com/clipart-digestive-system-8.html

7. https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-illustration-acute-pancreatitis-inflammation-pancreas-gallstones-block-flow-pancreatic-juices-duodenum-digestive-image45172565

8. http://www.clipartkid.com/stomach-cliparts/

9.. http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-male-digestive-system-artwork-55442186.html

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Enterokinases:  converts the inactive Trypsinogen into active Trypsin.
Trypsin digests proteins.

Erepsins: Digest proteins and turn them into amino acids.

Lipases: Enzymes that digest lipids.

Amylases: Continue the digestion of carbohydrates

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Illeum is the last section of the small intestine. It's main function is to absorb vitamin B 12, bile salts, and the leftovers from what jujenum left behind.

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The Jujenum is the middle part of the small intestine and lies between the duodenum and the ileum. It is specialized for the absorption of small nutrient particles that have been digested by enzymes from duodenum.

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Almost all the beneficial nutrients are already absorbed. What is leftover is waste and water that is essential.  After travelling through the large intestine and the water is reabsorbed by your body. The waste left over in the large intestine goes through the rectum and exits your body through the anus.

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Ayah's Esophagus Challenge! Take the Quiz if you dare.

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Ayah's Esophagus Challenge! Take the Quiz if you dare.

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Releases waste that was not needed for the body

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The biggest portion of the large intestine where water re-absorption occurs.

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The Digestive system is the process where your body breaks down nutrients and uses it to help you survive.

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Chyme is pushed through the pyloric valve it enters the duodenum. The duodenum is the first of three parts of the small intestine, and it is where almost all of the digestive enzymes enter the intestine. Most of the chemical digestion and absorption of the food that is eaten occurs in the small intestine. As chyme enters the duodenum from the stomach into the small intestine, cholecystokinin is released.  Cholecystokinin is released by the cells in the duodenum and is a hormone responsible for stimulating the release of pancreatic juice from the pancreas and bile from the gall bladder.   Upon the stimulation by Cholecystokinin the bile and pancreatic juice are released into the duodenum.

When the hydrochloric acid from the stomach reaches the small intestine prosecretin which is converted to secretin is released. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions which raise the pH in the small intestine.

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Pancreas:
Just behind the stomach is the pancreas. The pancreas is a gland that serves important functions:

1. Within the digestive system the pancreas plays two key roles:

It produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,  and nucleic acids

The pancreas also produces sodium bicarbonate a base that neutralizes the stomach acid so that these enzymes can be effective

Liver:
The liver assists the pancreas. The liver produces bile, a fluid loaded with lipids and salts. Bile acts like a detergent dissolving and dispersing the droplets of fat found in the fatty foods. This action makes it possible for enzymes to reach the smaller fat molecules and break them down. Bile is stored in a small, pouch-like organ called the gall bladder.

Gall Bladder
Stores the bile that is made by the liver.  This bile is then excreted into the small intestine to break up large fat globules into smaller, more digestible pieces.

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Food from the esophagus empties into a large muscular sac called the stomach. The stomach continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food. Alternating contractions of the stomach's three smooth muscle layers thoroughly churn and mix the food you swallow.

In the stomach, pepsin is released, which is an enzyme which breakdown proteins. It is the main digestive enzyme in the stomach.

In addition to pepsin, gastrin is released.   A hormone which stimulates the parietal cells to secrete HCl (Hydrochloric acid).

The stomach is lined with mucus in order to protect it from gastric juice.

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The combined actions of the tongue and throat muscles push the chewed clump of food, called bolus down the throat. From the throat, the food is taken through the pharynx which is a part of the throat behind the mouth and it is lead to the esophagus. The food travels using mucus to boost the movement the of food through the esophagus into the stomach through a muscular section of the digestive tract. The contractions are known as peristalsis. It squeezes the food through the esophagus into the stomach.

After a thick ring of muscle called the cardiac sphincter closes the esophagus it prevents the food from moving back up.

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As the teeth cut and grind the food, the salivary glands secrete saliva containing salivary amylase which helps to moisten the food and make it easier to chew. The release of saliva is under the control of the nervous system and can be triggered by the scent of food especially when you are hungry.
Saliva begins the process of chemical digestion. Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase that breaks the chemical bond in starches and releases sugars.

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Teeth do much of the mechanical work of digestion on by cutting, tearing and crushing food into small fragments.

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The Mouth

As you take a forkful of food into your mouth, the work of the digestive system begins. The teeth tear and crush the food into a fine paste until it is ready to be swallowed. Chewing begins the process of mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces. But there is a great deal more to than that. as you chew your food, digestive enzymes begin the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller molecules. This process is called chemical digestion. During chemical digestion large food molecules are broken down into smaller food molecules.