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Why was the british are able to be overcomed by the japanese ?
The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training. The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircrafts managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings. The Japanese made good use of bicycles and light tanks which made it possible for rapid movements in the jungle.
www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

Battle of Singapore

The Battle of Singapore was fought from 8 to 15 February 1942 between Allied (mainly British Commonwealth) and Japanese forces. The first Japanese troops landed in Singapore via the northwestern coastline on 8 February 1942. After a week of intense fighting, the British Lieutenant General Arthur E. Percival surrendered Singapore to the Japanese forces under the command of Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita.

Preparation for war
From the end of World War I onwards, Britain had begun to build up its defences in Singapore in light of the growing military threat from Japan. A naval base was constructed in Sembawang and huge guns were emplaced in strategic locations along Singapore’s coastline to fend off possible naval attacks.¹ In 1938, Governor Sir Shenton Thomas opened what was then the largest dry dock in the world at the naval base. However, the base did not host any permanent naval fleet. The British strategy was to dispatch a fleet to the base only when a threat was imminent.2

LINK :eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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From the end of World War I onwards, Britain had begun to build up its defences in Singapore in light of the growing military threat from Japan. A naval base was constructed in Sembawang and huge guns were emplaced in strategic locations along Singapore’s coastline to fend off possible naval attacks.¹ In 1938, Governor Sir Shenton Thomas opened what was then the largest dry dock in the world at the naval base. However, the base did not host any permanent naval fleet. The British strategy was to dispatch a fleet to the base only when a threat was imminent.2

source taken from: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Sujitha [4]                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

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Sujitha [4]                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

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WHY DID THE BRITISH SURRENDERED SINGAPORE TO THE JAPANESE?
The British surrendered Singapore to the Japanese because they were well prepared.This is supported by " A naval base was constructed in Sembawang and huge guns were emplaced in strategic locations along Singapore’s coastline to fend off possible naval attacks.'' This proves that they were overconfident.

The British surrendered Singapore to the Japanese because of overconfidence.This is supported by " The British military command in Singapore was confident that the power they could call on there would make any Japanese attack useless."This proves that they were looking down on the Japanese.

The British surrendered Singapore to the Japanese because the Japanese  were strong.this is supported by " Poorly trained, lacking in experience and equipment, the Allied troops could not hold their positions and were forced to retreat. In less than two months, the Japanese had eliminated British naval and air capabilities, and captured Malaya". This proves that British had weak defence.

sources taken from:http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

AND

http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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HOW DID THE JAPANESE OVERCAME THE BRITISH
The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training. The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircrafts managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings. The Japanese made good use of bicycles and light tanks which made it possible for rapid movements in the jungle.
http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

THE BATTLE BETWEEN SINGAPORE AND JAPANESE
The Battle of Singapore was fought from 8 to 15 February 1942 between Allied (mainly British Commonwealth) and Japanese forces. The first Japanese troops landed in Singapore via the northwestern coastline on 8 February 1942. After a week of intense fighting, the British Lieutenant General Arthur E. Percival surrendered Singapore to the Japanese forces under the command of Lieutenant General  Tomoyuki Yamasihita.

PREPARATION FOR WAR
From the end of World War I onward , Britain had begun to build up its defences in Singapore in light of the growing military threat from Japan. A naval base was constructed in Sembawang and huge guns were emplaced in strategic locations along Singapore’s coastline to fend off possible naval attacks.¹ In 1938, Governor Sir Shenton Thomas opened what was then the largest dry dock in the world at the naval base. However, the base did not host any permanent naval fleet. The British strategy was to dispatch a fleet to the base only when a threat was imminent.Despite its limited defences, the political leaders and media at the time contributed to the impression that Singapore was secure against any attack. Newspapers referred to Singapore as being a “Gibraltar of the East”, a “fortress” that was “impregnable”, suggesting that the island was virtually impossible to conquer.

sources taken from: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore and  http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

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Citation: C N Trueman "The fall of Singapore"
historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 19 May 2015. 28 Apr 2018.

The fall of Singapore to the Japanese Army on February 15th 1942 is considered one of the greatest defeats in the history of the British Army and probably Britain's worst defeat in World War Two. The fall of Singapore in 1942 clearly illustrated the way Japan was to fight in the Far East - a combination of speed and savagery that only ended with the use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August 1945.

Singapore, an island at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, was considered a vital part of the British Empire and supposedly impregnable as a fortress. The British saw it as the "Gibraltar in the Far East".

The surrender of Singapore demonstrated to the world that the Japanese Army was a force to be reckoned with though the defeat also ushered in three years of appalling treatment for the Commonwealth POW's who were caught in Singapore.

Improvements to Singapore as a British military base had only been completed at great cost in 1938. Singapore epitomised what the British Empire was all about - a strategically vital military base that protected Britain's other Commonwealth possessions in the Far East.

Once the Japanese expanded throughout the region after Pearl Harbour (December 1941), many in Britain felt that Singapore would become an obvious target for the Japanese. However, the British military command in Singapore was confident that the power they could call on there would make any Japanese attack useless. One story told about the attitude of the British Army in Singapore was of a young Army officer complaining that the newly completed defences in Singapore might put off the Japanese from landing there.

British troops stationed in Singapore were also told that the Japanese troops were poor fighters; alright against soldiers in China who were poor fighters themselves, but of little use against the might of the British Army.

The Japanese onslaught through the Malay Peninsula took everybody by surprise. Speed was of the essence for the Japanese, never allowing the British forces time to re-group. This was the first time British forces had come up against a full-scale attack by the Japanese. Any thoughts of the Japanese fighting a conventional form of war were soon shattered. The British had confidently predicted that the Japanese would attack from the sea. This explained why all the defences on Singapore pointed out to sea. It was inconceivable to British military planners that the island could be attacked any other way - least of all, through the jungle and mangrove swamps of the Malay Peninsula. But this was exactly the route the Japanese took.

As the Japanese attacked through the Peninsula, their troops were ordered to take no prisoners as they would slow up the Japanese advance. A pamphlet issued to all Japanese soldiers stated:

For the British military command in Singapore, war was still fought by the 'rule book'. Social life was important in Singapore and the Raffles Hotel and Singapore Club were important social centres frequented by officers. An air of complacency had built in regarding how strong Singapore was - especially if it was attacked by the Japanese. When the Japanese did land at Kota Bharu aerodrome, in Malaya, Singapore's governor, Sir Shenton Thomas is alleged to have said "Well, I suppose you'll (the army) shove the little men off."

The attack on Singapore occurred almost at the same time as Pearl Harbour. By December 9th 1941, the RAF had lost nearly all of its front line aeroplanes after the Japanese had attacked RAF fields in Singapore. Any hope of aerial support for the army was destroyed before the actual attack on Singapore had actually begun.

Britain's naval presence at Singapore was strong. A squadron of warships was stationed there lead by the modern battleship "Prince of Wales" and the battle cruiser "Repulse".

On December 8th 1941, both put out to sea and headed north up the Malay coast to where the Japanese were landing. On December 10th, both ships were sunk by repeated attacks from Japanese torpedo bombers. The RAF could offer the ships no protection as their planes had already been destroyed by the Japanese. The loss of both ships had a devastating impact on morale in Britain. Sir Winston Churchill wrote in his memoirs:

Only the army could stop the Japanese advance on Singapore. The army in the area was led by Lieutenant General Arthur Percival. He had 90,000 men there - British, Indian and Australian troops. The Japanese advanced with 65,000 men lead by General Tomoyuki Yamashita. Many of the Japanese troops had fought in the Manchurian/Chinese campaign and were battle-hardened. Many of Percival's 90,000 men had never seen combat.

At the Battle of Jitra in Malaya (December 11th and 12th 1941), Percival's men were soundly beaten and from this battle were in full retreat. The Japanese attack was based on speed, ferocity and surprise. To speed their advance on Singapore, the Japanese used bicycles as one means of transport. Captured wounded Allied soldiers were killed where they lay. Those who were not injured but had surrendered were also murdered - some captured Australian troops were doused with petrol and burned to death. Locals who had helped the Allies were tortured before being murdered. The brutality of the Japanese soldiers shocked the British. But the effectiveness of the Japanese was shown when they captured the capital of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, on January 11th 1942.

All the indications were that the Japanese would attack Singapore across the Johor Strait. General Wavell, the British commander in the region, was ordered by Churchill to fight to save Singapore and he was ordered by Churchill not to surrender until there had been "protracted fighting" in an effort to save the city.

On January 31st 1942, the British and Australian forces withdrew across the causeway that separated Singapore from Malaya. It was clear that this would be their final stand. Percival spread his men across a 70 mile line - the entire coastline of the island. This proved a mistake. Percival had overestimated the strength of the Japanese. His tactic spread his men out for too thinly for an attack.

On February 8th, 1942, the Japanese attacked across the Johor Strait. Many Allied soldiers were simply too far away to influence the outcome of the battle. On February 8th, 23,000 Japanese soldiers attacked Singapore. They advanced with speed and ferocity. At the Alexandra Military Hospital, Japanese soldiers murdered the patients they found there. Percival kept many men away from the Japanese attack fearing that more Japanese would attack along the 70 mile coastline. He has been blamed for failing to back up those troops caught up directly with the fighting but it is now generally accepted that this would not have changed the final outcome but it may only have prolonged the fighting.

The Japanese took 100,000 men prisoner in Singapore. Many had just arrived and had not fired a bullet in anger. 9,000 of these men died building the Burma-Thailand railway. The people of Singapore fared worse. Many were of Chinese origin and were slaughtered by the Japanese. After the war, Japan admitted that 5000 had been murdered, but the Chinese population in Singapore put the figure at nearer 50,000. With the evidence of what the Japanese could do to a captured civilian population (as seen at Nanking), 5000 is likely to be an underestimate.

The fall of Singapore was a humiliation for the British government. The Japanese had been portrayed as useless soldiers only capable of fighting the militarily inferior Chinese. This assessment clearly rested uncomfortably with how the British Army had done in the peninsula.

The commander of the Australian forces in Singapore later said:

Sir Winston Churchill had stated before the final Japanese attack:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The fall of Singapore - History Learning Site

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The fall of Singapore to the Japanese Army on February 15th 1942 is considered one of the greatest defeats in the history of the British Army and probably Britain's worst defeat in World War Two. The fall of Singapore in 1942 clearly illustrated the way Japan was to fight in the Far East - a ...

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The Jurong-Kranji Defence Line was one of the fall-back positions meant for the withdrawal and consolidation of troops in the event that the Japanese forces overcome the coastal defending forces. However, there was a lack of preparation of the defence line, and the large area to be covered meant that troops had to be spread out very thinly along it.
Miscommunication and uncoordinated initiatives at the senior commanding level on 10 February 1942 made the problems worse. Brigadier Taylor of the 22nd Australian brigade misinterpreted instructions and prematurely withdrew his units from the line back to the last-ditch defensive perimeter around the city. This set off other withdrawals along the line, leaving the position largely undefended against the advancing Japanese. By the afternoon, the line was in Japanese hands. This forced the withdrawal of all Allied forces in the north and east to the city perimeter.

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The Trigger Of War

After being imposed a trade embargo due to its Chinese campaigns, Japan had to look for an alternative source of supplies for its war against the allies in the Pacific War. As a result Japan invaded Malaya.

The Malaya Invasion

Japan’s 25th Army invaded Malaya coming from Indochina moving northwards towards Thailand. This invasion was done simultaneously with the attack on Pearl Harbor in an effort to try and stop the U.S. from interfering in Southeast Asia. The Japan government had persuaded the Thai government to let them use Thai military bases for defense against invasion from the southeast by other nations.

The Japanese 25th Army faced resistance in north Malaya from III Corps of the Indian Army. Although the Japanese were outnumbered they consolidated their forces and were far superior in air support and war techniques. The British constantly allowed the Japanese army to outflank them as they believed that the Malayan jungle was impossible to pass.

Japanese Air Force Supremacy

The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training. The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircrafts managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings. The Japanese made good use of bicycles and light tanks which made it possible for rapid movements in the jungle.
link: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

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The British surrender due to the Japanese was much stronger and able to overrun the British defences. Britain’s forces in Far East were more underfunded prior to the Japanese invation, this allowed Japan to invade Singapore without much effort. They had very little tanks and amoured cars operating and protecting Singapore while the Japanese had many much better equipped tanks. The Brewster Buffalo aircraft, which was very outdated, was completed outdo by the Japanese. The british mlitary issues were that there were brutal treatments of soldiers.The type of food provided were poor, old and expired.The British fight over 3,000 miles from home. Messages tooks weeks to be passed and the soldiers arrived was sick and unready to fight.

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Citation: C N Trueman "The fall of Singapore"
historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 19 May 2015. 28 Apr 2018.

The fall of Singapore to the Japanese Army on February 15th 1942 is considered one of the greatest defeats in the history of the British Army and probably Britain's worst defeat in World War Two. The fall of Singapore in 1942 clearly illustrated the way Japan was to fight in the Far East - a combination of speed and savagery that only ended with the use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August 1945.

Singapore, an island at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, was considered a vital part of the British Empire and supposedly impregnable as a fortress. The British saw it as the "Gibraltar in the Far East".

The surrender of Singapore demonstrated to the world that the Japanese Army was a force to be reckoned with though the defeat also ushered in three years of appalling treatment for the Commonwealth POW's who were caught in Singapore.

Improvements to Singapore as a British military base had only been completed at great cost in 1938. Singapore epitomised what the British Empire was all about - a strategically vital military base that protected Britain's other Commonwealth possessions in the Far East.

Once the Japanese expanded throughout the region after Pearl Harbour (December 1941), many in Britain felt that Singapore would become an obvious target for the Japanese. However, the British military command in Singapore was confident that the power they could call on there would make any Japanese attack useless. One story told about the attitude of the British Army in Singapore was of a young Army officer complaining that the newly completed defences in Singapore might put off the Japanese from landing there.

British troops stationed in Singapore were also told that the Japanese troops were poor fighters; alright against soldiers in China who were poor fighters themselves, but of little use against the might of the British Army.

The Japanese onslaught through the Malay Peninsula took everybody by surprise. Speed was of the essence for the Japanese, never allowing the British forces time to re-group. This was the first time British forces had come up against a full-scale attack by the Japanese. Any thoughts of the Japanese fighting a conventional form of war were soon shattered. The British had confidently predicted that the Japanese would attack from the sea. This explained why all the defences on Singapore pointed out to sea. It was inconceivable to British military planners that the island could be attacked any other way - least of all, through the jungle and mangrove swamps of the Malay Peninsula. But this was exactly the route the Japanese took.

As the Japanese attacked through the Peninsula, their troops were ordered to take no prisoners as they would slow up the Japanese advance. A pamphlet issued to all Japanese soldiers stated:

For the British military command in Singapore, war was still fought by the 'rule book'. Social life was important in Singapore and the Raffles Hotel and Singapore Club were important social centres frequented by officers. An air of complacency had built in regarding how strong Singapore was - especially if it was attacked by the Japanese. When the Japanese did land at Kota Bharu aerodrome, in Malaya, Singapore's governor, Sir Shenton Thomas is alleged to have said "Well, I suppose you'll (the army) shove the little men off."

The attack on Singapore occurred almost at the same time as Pearl Harbour. By December 9th 1941, the RAF had lost nearly all of its front line aeroplanes after the Japanese had attacked RAF fields in Singapore. Any hope of aerial support for the army was destroyed before the actual attack on Singapore had actually begun.

Britain's naval presence at Singapore was strong. A squadron of warships was stationed there lead by the modern battleship "Prince of Wales" and the battle cruiser "Repulse".

On December 8th 1941, both put out to sea and headed north up the Malay coast to where the Japanese were landing. On December 10th, both ships were sunk by repeated attacks from Japanese torpedo bombers. The RAF could offer the ships no protection as their planes had already been destroyed by the Japanese. The loss of both ships had a devastating impact on morale in Britain. Sir Winston Churchill wrote in his memoirs:

Only the army could stop the Japanese advance on Singapore. The army in the area was led by Lieutenant General Arthur Percival. He had 90,000 men there - British, Indian and Australian troops. The Japanese advanced with 65,000 men lead by General Tomoyuki Yamashita. Many of the Japanese troops had fought in the Manchurian/Chinese campaign and were battle-hardened. Many of Percival's 90,000 men had never seen combat.

At the Battle of Jitra in Malaya (December 11th and 12th 1941), Percival's men were soundly beaten and from this battle were in full retreat. The Japanese attack was based on speed, ferocity and surprise. To speed their advance on Singapore, the Japanese used bicycles as one means of transport. Captured wounded Allied soldiers were killed where they lay. Those who were not injured but had surrendered were also murdered - some captured Australian troops were doused with petrol and burned to death. Locals who had helped the Allies were tortured before being murdered. The brutality of the Japanese soldiers shocked the British. But the effectiveness of the Japanese was shown when they captured the capital of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, on January 11th 1942.

All the indications were that the Japanese would attack Singapore across the Johor Strait. General Wavell, the British commander in the region, was ordered by Churchill to fight to save Singapore and he was ordered by Churchill not to surrender until there had been "protracted fighting" in an effort to save the city.

On January 31st 1942, the British and Australian forces withdrew across the causeway that separated Singapore from Malaya. It was clear that this would be their final stand. Percival spread his men across a 70 mile line - the entire coastline of the island. This proved a mistake. Percival had overestimated the strength of the Japanese. His tactic spread his men out for too thinly for an attack.

On February 8th, 1942, the Japanese attacked across the Johor Strait. Many Allied soldiers were simply too far away to influence the outcome of the battle. On February 8th, 23,000 Japanese soldiers attacked Singapore. They advanced with speed and ferocity. At the Alexandra Military Hospital, Japanese soldiers murdered the patients they found there. Percival kept many men away from the Japanese attack fearing that more Japanese would attack along the 70 mile coastline. He has been blamed for failing to back up those troops caught up directly with the fighting but it is now generally accepted that this would not have changed the final outcome but it may only have prolonged the fighting.

The Japanese took 100,000 men prisoner in Singapore. Many had just arrived and had not fired a bullet in anger. 9,000 of these men died building the Burma-Thailand railway. The people of Singapore fared worse. Many were of Chinese origin and were slaughtered by the Japanese. After the war, Japan admitted that 5000 had been murdered, but the Chinese population in Singapore put the figure at nearer 50,000. With the evidence of what the Japanese could do to a captured civilian population (as seen at Nanking), 5000 is likely to be an underestimate.

The fall of Singapore was a humiliation for the British government. The Japanese had been portrayed as useless soldiers only capable of fighting the militarily inferior Chinese. This assessment clearly rested uncomfortably with how the British Army had done in the peninsula.

The commander of the Australian forces in Singapore later said:

Sir Winston Churchill had stated before the final Japanese attack:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The fall of Singapore - History Learning Site

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The fall of Singapore to the Japanese Army on February 15th 1942 is considered one of the greatest defeats in the history of the British Army and probably Britain's worst defeat in World War Two. The fall of Singapore in 1942 clearly illustrated the way Japan was to fight in the Far East - a ...

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Yates McDaniel knew that Singapore was not prepared for an invasion. As an American representative of the Associated Press, he was well acquainted with the island’s defenses and their shortcomings. For one thing, he knew that the Royal Air Force’s Brewster Buffalo fighter planes were slow and obsolete—RAF Fighter Command, in fact, had given up on them before the Battle of Britain a year and a half earlier
taken from

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The main Japanese force moved swiftly down the western flank of the Malay Peninsula with the help of motor vehicles and bicycles. Poorly trained, lacking in experience and equipment, the Allied troops could not hold their positions and were forced to retreat. In less than two months, the Japanese had eliminated British naval and air capabilities, and captured Malaya. The last Allied troops crossed the Causeway and withdrew to Singapore on 31 January 1942. Allied engineers subsequently blew a 70-ft (approximately 21 m) gap in the structure in a bid to slow down the Japanese advance into Singapore.

source taken from:http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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The Japanese had prepared for the invasion of Singapore with a heavy bombardment. They began their amphibious landings on the north-west of the island, where the Strait of Johore is narrowest. This area was held by the Australian 22nd Infantry Brigade but late on the night of 8 February the Japanese made their way through undefended sections. Twenty-four hours later a second Japanese landing force struck between the Causeway and the mouth of the Kranji River, an area held by the Australian 27th Infantry Brigade. By the morning of 10 February there were Japanese troops on most of north-west Singapore.
link:http://www.ww2australia.gov.au/japadvance/singapore.html

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British troops stationed in Singapore were also told that the Japanese troops were poor fighters; alright agai

The Japanese onslaught through the Malay Peninsula took everybody by surprise. Speed was of the essence for the Japanese, never allowing the British forces time to re-group. This was the first time British forces had come up against a full-scale attack by the Japanese. Any thoughts of the Japanese fighting a conventional form of war were soon shattered. The British had confidently predicted that the Japanese would attack from the sea. This explained why all the defences on Singapore pointed out to sea. It was inconceivable to British military planners that the island could be attacked any other way – least of all, through the jungle and mangrove swamps of the Malay Peninsula. But this was exactly the route the Japanese took.

source taken from:

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The British surrender due to the of that the Japanese was stronger and able to overrun the British defences. Britain’s forces in Far East were more underfunded prior to the Japanese invation, this allowed Japan to invade Singapore without much restrictions. The troops had very little tanks and amoured cars operating and protecting Singapore while the Japanese had many much better equipped tanks. The Brewster Buffalo aircraft, which was very outdated, was completed outdo by the Japanese.

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The allied forces formed a futile blockage callled the jurong line stretching field of tengah airfield through bulim to the jurong river to try and contain the japanese forces within the western sector of singapore.

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Group:Revolutionn
First, and most importantly, the Japanese had established air superiority over the skies of Singapore and surrounding areas. In November-December of 1941, the British lost two of their capital ships to Japanese air attack: the battlecruiser Repulse and battleship Prince of Wales. After this loss, the British withdrew naval and other assets from the Singapore area. This meant that the Japanese could bomb the Singapore enclave at will, and they did.
https://www.quora.com/Why-did-the-90-000-strong-British-army-surrender-Singapore-to-the-Japanese-who-were-only-30-000-strong

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source : British(internal)

The British thought that the Japanese were inferior
to them,so they underestimated their power.
Ironically, the Japanese had much more advanced
technology. For example, the Japanese 'Zero' fighter
planes wiped out more than half of the British air
force. The Japanese were also more skilled in jungle
warfare, and applied the use of tanks and bicycles
in jungles, in which the British did not expect.

source taken from:https://prezi.com/fhzo_9wz6x3a/why-did-singapore-fail-to-the-japanese/

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Yes, there was a shortage of water and panic in the city.  But this was a time of war.  Had Percival been truly determined, he would simply have forced the city's inhabitants out onto the Japanese side, and then dug in for a determined house by house defense.  Even a poor quality force can hold out in urban combat.  Yes, this would have been inhumane, but the alternative is to capitulate and leave the civilians to the Japanese anyway.  As it happens, the Japanese murdered 40,000 Chinese in city not long after taking it over.

surce taken from:https://www.quora.com/Why-did-the-90-000-strong-British-army-surrender-Singapore-to-the-Japanese-who-were-only-30-000-strong

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Website:https://padletuploads.blob.core.windows.net/prod/175577720/637040265ebcc6ec02fd27ab3bc7807d/british.jpg
This picture is about the British defending the land area with a small and not a powerful weapon.

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Only the army could stop the Japanese advance on Singapore. The army in the area was led by Lieutenant General Arthur Percival. He had 90,000 men there – British, Indian and Australian troops. The Japanese advanced with 65,000 men lead by General Tomoyuki Yamashita. Many of the Japanese troops had fought in the Manchurian/Chinese campaign and were battle-hardened. Many of Percival’s 90,000 men had never seen combat.

# data[].attributes.body
Group:revolutionn
The British had confidently predicted that the Japanese would attack from the sea. This explained why all the defences on Singapore pointed out to sea. It was inconceivable to British military planners that the island could be attacked any other way – least of all, through the jungle and mangrove swamps of the Malay Peninsula. But this was exactly the route the Japanese took.

htptp://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/

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Group: 2169
Source: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/
Percival’s men were soundly beaten and from this battle were in full retreat. The Japanese attack was based on speed, ferocity and surprise. To speed their advance on Singapore, the Japanese used bicycles as one means of transport. Captured wounded Allied soldiers were killed where they lay. Those who were not injured but had surrendered were also murdered – some captured Australian troops were doused with petrol and burned to death. Locals who had helped the Allies were tortured before being murdered.

# data[].attributes.body
The main Japanese force moved swiftly down the western flank of the Malay Peninsula with the help of motor vehicles and bicycles. Poorly trained, lacking in experience and equipment, the Allied troops could not hold their positions and were forced to retreat. In less than two months, the Japanese had eliminated British naval and air capabilities, and captured Malaya. The last Allied troops crossed the Causeway and withdrew to Singapore on 31 January 1942. Allied engineers subsequently blew a 70-ft (approximately 21 m) gap in the structure in a bid to slow down the Japanese advance into Singapore.7
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Source:The Misplacing of manpower.
Group name:The Five
A counter-attack on 10-11 February failed and on 12 February General H Gordon Bennett, the Australian commander, began moving his near-exhausted 8th Division AIF units into a perimeter just a few kilometres out of the city. By the next day the Japanese were within five kilometres of the Singapore waterfront. The entire city was now within range of Japanese artillery.

Link :http://www.ww2australia.gov.au/japadvance/singapore.html

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Source: Lack of defences
Group name :The Five
Many of the troops had been shocked at the apparent lack of defences on the island. The men were battle-weary and the Australians had lost nearly 700 men fighting in Malaya since 14 January, with hundreds of others sick or wounded.   Only one trained reinforcement unit, the 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion, arrived from Australia. Other last-minute reinforcements sent were untrained and ill-equipped for battle

Source from: http://www.ww2australia.gov.au/japadvance/singapore.html

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group: 2169
source:

Britain’s naval presence at Singapore was strong. A squadron of warships was stationed there lead by the modern battleship “Prince of Wales” and the battle cruiser “Repulse”.

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/Only the army could stop the Japanese advance on Singapore. The army in the area was led by Lieutenant General Arthur Percival. He had 90,000 men there – British, Indian and Australian troops. The Japanese advanced with 65,000 men lead by General Tomoyuki Yamashita. Many of the Japanese troops had fought in the Manchurian/Chinese campaign and were battle-hardened. Many of Percival’s 90,000 men had never seen combat.

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Group name : CCSK
Source : External Britain - Why did the British not provide the resources to defend Singapore?

At the start of the Battle of Singapore, the Allied forces numbered around 85,000 men, of which about 70,000 were armed. The Allied forces had a total of 38 infantry battalions as well as artillery regiments, anti-tank regiments and anti-aircraft guns. Despite their superior numbers, many of the soldiers were either weary veterans of the Malayan Campaign or inexperienced new recruits. They were also fast running out of weapons and ammunition.⁸

Source from : http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Group name :  The Five

First of all, it should be emphasized that the British army did not "lose" Singapore. If General Percival had not surrendered ,then thousands more would have died-including innocent civilians. The Japanese army had overrun most of the island,captured the water reservoirs and surrounded the main city itself. The British were very low on ammunition,food and other necessary supplies,so it would have been suicidal to have fought on as the Japanese would  have killed all the soldiers and most likely many of civilians too. The fault for the "loss" of Singapore lives squarely with Winston Churchill and the British Government!

Adapted from:
http://www.powtaiwan.org/archies_detail.php?The-TRUTH-ABOUT-THE-NUMBERS-IN-MALAYA-AND-SINGAPORE-3

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Group name:SANTA

By 15 February 1942, the situation in Singapore had become difficult for the Allied forces. There was only enough water supply for 24 hours due to breaks in the water mains and pipes. Furthermore, the main reservoirs were all in Japanese hands.¹⁷ Casualties from enemy bombing were increasing faster than the rate in which bodies could be collected and there was only three days’ worth of rations.

On the morning of 15 February, Percival met his commanders at the Fort Canning Bunker(also known as the Battle Box). In light of the circumstances, the decision was made to surrender to the Japanese. Later that day, Percival and his surrender party met Yamashita in the Japanese headquarters located at the Ford Factory in Bukit Timah and officially surrendered Singapore to the Japanese forces.

Source taken from:http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Group: The Five

Once the Japanese expanded throughout the region after Pearl Harbour (December 1941), many in Britain felt that Singapore would become an obvious target for the Japanese. However, the British military command in Singapore was confident that the power they could call on there would make any Japanese attack useless. One story told about the attitude of the British Army in Singapore was of a young Army officer complaining that the newly completed defences in Singapore might put off the Japanese from landing there.

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/

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Group :CSCK
Source :(External)why was the british are able to be overcomed by the japanese
The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training. The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircrafts managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings. The Japanese made good use of bicycles and light tanks which made it possible for rapid movements in the jungle.
www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

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Group name:revolutionn
British troops stationed in Singapore were also told that the Japanese troops were poor fighters; alright against soldiers in China who were poor fighters themselves, but of little use against the might of the British Army.

The Japanese onslaught through the Malay Peninsula took everybody by surprise. Speed was of the essence for the Japanese, never allowing the British forces time to re-group. This was the first time British forces had come up against a full-scale attack by the Japanese. Any thoughts of the Japanese fighting a conventional form of war were soon shattered. The British had confidently predicted that the Japanese would attack from the sea. This explained why all the defences on Singapore pointed out to sea. It was inconceivable to British military planners that the island could be attacked any other way – least of all, through the jungle and mangrove swamps of the Malay Peninsula. But this was exactly the route the Japanese took.

htptp://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/

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source:google image

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Group Name:The Five

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Britain's forces in the Far East were severely underfunded prior to the Japanese invasion of Malaya and later Singapore and despite the overwhelming advantage in manpower were completely illequipped to meet an invasion. The war with Germany in the Western Front and in North Africa meant that the armed forces fighting the Germans received priority funding over forces in the Far East
The Commonwealth troops had very few tanks and armoured cars operating in Malaya and Singapore following the outbreak of the war, while the Japanese forces attacking had vastly superior numbers and better equipped tanks.

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Source: The defenses in Malaya and Singapore were equally unprepared for war. Coordination between the ground troops and the small Royal Air Force contingent in the region was poor, while the ground troops, particularly conscripts from India, lacked training and were not properly equipped. Adapted from: http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=47

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group name:nahpfw

Source(Strength Of Japan)

The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and was better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training. The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircrafts managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings. The Japanese made good use of bicycles and light tanks which made it possible for rapid movements in the jungle.

Source: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

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Group name: The Five
Source: War equipments and miscommunication

Their war equipment the British used is old and old-fashioned airplanes known as Flying Coffins. They used anti-tank guns which were no effective against the Japanese tank. They also had a miscommunication between each other that leads to misunderstanding and tend to defend the wrong parts of the island.
Link:https://www.slideshare.net/MarioSonic54/secondary-2-historywhy-did-the-japanese-invade-singapore-in-the-end

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Group name: CSCK
Source:strength of Japanese

The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training.The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircraft managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings. The Japanese made good use of bicycles and light tanks which made it possible for rapid movements in the jungle.

Source taken from: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

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Group name: The Five
Source:The British attitude

The British overconfident and proud about themselves. They underestimated the Japanese and think their war equipment in the army force,navy force and air force was low-graded.
Link: https://www.slideshare.net/MarioSonic54/secondary-2-historywhy-did-the-japanese-invade-singapore-in-the-end

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group name 2169
source: the fall of singapore

❝The fall of Singapore was a humiliation for the British government. The Japanese had been portrayed as useless soldiers only capable of fighting the militarily inferior Chinese. This assessment clearly rested uncomfortably with how the British Army had done in the peninsula.❞

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/

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Japan entered World War II with limited aims and with the intention of fighting a limited war. Its principal objectives were to secure the resources of Southeast Asia and much of China and to establish a "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" under Japanese hegemony
Japan believed it necessary to destroy or neutralize American striking power in the Pacific--the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor and the U.S. Far East Air Force in the Philippines--before moving southward and eastward to occupy Malaya, the Netherlands Indies, the Philippines, Wake Island, Guam, the Gilbert Islands, Thailand, and Burma https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AMH/AMH/AMH-23.html.

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Japanese Air Force Supremacy
Source: http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training. The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircrafts managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings.

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Group name: JHIK
By 15 February 1942, the situation in Singapore had become difficult for the Allied forces. There was only enough water supply for 24 hours due to breaks in the water mains and pipes. Furthermore, the main reservoirs were all in Japanese hands.

Website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Group name:SANTA
Source:Battle of Singapore

By 15 February 1942, the situation in Singapore had become difficult for the Allied forces. There was only enough water supply for 24 hours due to breaks in the water mains and pipes. Furthermore, the main reservoirs were all in Japanese hands.¹⁷ Casualties from enemy bombing were increasing faster than the rate in which bodies could be collected and there was only three days’ worth of rations.

Percival met his commanders at the Fort Canning bunker  (also known as the Battle Box). In light of the circumstances, the decision was made to surrender to the Japanese. Later that day, Percival and his surrender party met Yamashita in the Japanese headquarters located at the Ford Factory in Bukit Timah and officially surrendered Singapore to the Japanese forces.

Source taken from:

http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Group Name: SANTA
The British defence for Singapore  relied on a strong naval presence in the region as a deterrent to invaders, however, the Battleships and destroyers were sunk by japanese bombers and submarines prior to invasion during the Malayan Campaign. This allowed Japan to land invasion forces onto the mainland without much hindrance.

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Group : CCSK (this is rewritten)
Source : External Britain -  (WW2 in Britain)
"Germany started World War II by invading Poland on September 1, 1939. Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. Within a month, Poland was defeated by a combination of German and Soviet forces and was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union."

Source taken from : https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005137
(picture is also from source taken)

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CCSK

source:

Britain greatly under-estimated the Japanese air force ability to attack Singapore from long distance air fields. In fact, when Singapore was bombed for the first time in December 1941, it was a rude shock for the British Far East Command.

Adapted from https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Britain-the-Allies-lose-Singapore-to-the-Japanese-in-WW2

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Group Name: The Five

Source:

The Battle of Singapore was fought from 8 to 15 February 1942 between Allied (mainly British Commonwealth) and Japanese forces. The first Japanese troops landed in Singapore via the northwestern coastline on 8 February 1942. After a week of intense fighting, the British Lieutenant General Arthur E Percival surrendered Singapore to the Japanese forces under the command of Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita

Adapted From:
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Group:JHIK
The naval base and resources available were not enough and just two months after the Pacific War began, British Lieutenant-General Percival was forced to surrender 136,000 men in Singapore to the Japanese army.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4241644/The-moment-Britain-surrendered-Singapore-Japan-1942.html
The Japanese onslaught through the Malay Peninsula took everybody by surprise. Speed was of the essence for the Japanese, never allowing the British forces time to re-group. This was the first time British forces had come up against a full-scale attack by the Japanese. Any thoughts of the Japanese fighting a conventional form of war were soon shattered. The British had confidently predicted that the Japanese would attack from the sea. This explained why all the defences on Singapore pointed out to sea. It was inconceivable to British military planners that the island could be attacked any other way – least of all, through the jungle and mangrove swamps of the Malay Peninsula. But this was exactly the route the Japanese took.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/

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Group Name:NAHPW
Source:Japan Strength(Tactics and Strategies)

The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training. The Japanese air fighter plane the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero helped the Japanese forces gain an upper hand. The Japanese aircrafts managed to sink the British capital ships thus leaving the Malayan peninsula exposed giving room for more Japanese landings. The Japanese made good use of bicycles and light tanks which made it possible for rapid movements in the jungle.

Source taken from:HistoryNet

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Once the Japanese expanded throughout the region after Pearl Harbour (December 1941), many in Britain felt that Singapore would become an obvious target for the Japanese. However, the British military command in Singapore was confident that the power they could call on there would make any Japanese attack useless. One story told about the attitude of the British Army in Singapore was of a young Army officer complaining that the newly completed defences in Singapore might put off the Japanese from landing there.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945/the-fall-of-singapore/

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grp: NAHPFW
The British defence of the Singapore Peninsular relied on a strong naval presence in the region as a deterrent to invaders, however, the Battleships and destroyers were sunk by japanese bombers and submarines prior to invasion during the Malayan Campaign. This allowed Japan to land invasion forces onto the mainland without much hindrance. Also only 2 ships were sent to defend the coast of Singapore.
source from:https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120409202124AAsmslE

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source:historynet

"The air force of the Empire of Japan had more men and was well trained and better equipped than the Malayan pilots who had inferior equipment without any good training" and "hat all of Singapore’s renowned coastal artillery pointed out to sea, with no guns defending the landward side of the island; and that none of the British troops in Malaya had any training in jungle warfare. Great Britain was now at war with Japan, but, as McDaniel fully realized, the defenders of British Malaya and its trading capital, Singapore, were totally unprepared."
source taken from :
http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore

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Group name:SANTA
Source: https://www.google.com.sg/search?q=Why+did+british+surrender+to+the+japanese&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3meyV-6TSAhUBMo8KHXMiCpIQ_AUICSgC#imgrc=0RZuczY_IPWorM:

The commanders are discussing the conditions if they want to surrender Singapore and the situation is very tense

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Group Name : The Five

Source (  British  Miscommunication )

"Perhaps the best of these was written in 1971 by Gen. S. Woodburn Kirby , Official British military historian , in his posthumously published  Chain of Disaster. Kirby posited that there was a linking of responsibilities from 1921 until the collapse of Singapore in 1942 . It was the political , economic , military  and leadership failures , all compounded , which doomed the island fortress in the opening  weeks of 1942 .

Adapted from http://www.winstonchurchill.org/support?catid=0&id=900

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Group: JHIK
The main Japanese force moved swiftly down the western flank of the Malay Peninsula with the help of motor vehicles and bicycles. Poorly trained, lacking in experience and equipment, the Allied troops could not hold their positions and were forced to retreat. In less than two months, the Japanese had eliminated British naval and air capabilities, and captured Malaya. The last Allied troops crossed the Causeway and withdrew to Singapore on 31 January 1942. Allied engineers subsequently blew a 70-ft (approximately 21 m) gap in the structure in a bid to slow down the Japanese advance into Singapore.7
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html

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Name(Teo Hui Ting)-(26)Group Name:  NAHPFWSource:(British Internal)

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Name(Teo Hui Ting)-(26)Group Name:  NAHPFWSource:(British Internal)

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Three hours before the air raid, at about 1:15 a.m., the first troops came ashore at Kota Bharu.Most accounts report that the invasion went smoothly. The only Allied resistance also came during those landings. The 30,000 men of the landing force, along with a detachment of tanks.By the end of the day, the airfield at Kota Bharu was in Japanese hands.

the Allied forces numbered around 85,000 men, of which about 70,000 were armed had a total of 38 infantry battalions as well as artillery regiments, anti-tank regiments and anti-aircraft guns. Despite their superior numbers, many of the soldiers were either weary veterans of the Malayan Campaign or inexperienced new recruits. They were also fast running out of weapons and ammunition.8

Source taken from :www.historynet.com
:http://eresour

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Group name: NAHPFW
Source: British external

Winning the war in Europe and defeating Hitler was seen as the main Allied priority, it was a case of Singapore can wait until we are ready.'

Adapted from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4241644/The-moment-Britain-surrendered-Singapore-Japan-1942.html

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Name (01)
Group Name: _________

Source (_____________)

"However, Singapore rose in population and trade that in 1832, the capital was transferred there."

Source taken from 2000 Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia

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Group Name:JHIK

On February 8, 5,000 Japanese troops landed on Singapore Island. The British were both outmanned and outgunned. Pro-Japanese propaganda leaflets were dropped on the islands, encouraging surrender. On February 13, Singapore’s 15-inch coastal guns–the island’s main defensive weapons–were destroyed.

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/singapore-falls-to-japan

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