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Ames, Patricia. 2005.  "When Access is not Enough: Educational Exclusion of Rural Girls in Peru," in Sheila Aikman and Elaine Unterhalter, Eds. Beyond Access: Transforming Policy and Practice for Gender Equality in Education. Oxfam GB.

Denzin, Norman and Yvonna Lincoln. 2011. "Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research," in Denzin and Lincoln, Eds. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage.

Morrison, M. (2007).   What do we mean by educational research?’ In M. Coleman & A. Briggs, Eds. Research Methods in Educational Leadership and Management. London, England: Paul Chapman Publishing.

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Ames (2006) epistemology leans toward constructivism in the way this lens focuses again on people and interpretation. According to Denzin and Lincoln (2011) explains constrictivism as focusing on lived experiences and cultural consensus. This connects well to Ames (2006) research as she utilizes observations and interviews to develop the thinking on her research.

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Ames ontology connects closely with constructivism because she focuses on the relationships and observations of the students and teachers interactions both in and out of the school. Reality is developed through this educational research through interviews and observations based on how the Peruvian people perceive schooling and life fro the girls in these rural villages.  (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011)

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Ames (2006) research  takes on a more interpretivist view as it focused primarily on the views and interpretation of the students, teachers, and community. According to Morrison (2007) interpretivism is educational research with people (p.24).  Ames primarily throughout her research focuses on the people through educational research.

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Ames (2006) utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods however quantitative methods were most prevalent in her educational research.

Qualitative methods include: attendance, population, and statistics of each village based on water, sewage, electricity, etc)

Quantitative methods included: interviews beings documented and observations of schools in the different areas to collect and gather information to help answer the research questions.

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* Interviews
Ames (2006) conducted interviews both in and out of school with girls attending school both frequently and infrequently. Also teachers were interviewed for their perspectives as well.

*Observations
In these four villages there were also a number of observations done by different researchers to see the way in which the school, teachers, students (girls), and community flowed.

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The goal of this research explained by Ames was to help girls in these four rural villages of Peru to attend school more often and not to drop out due to the discouraging internal and external factors connected to school.
Ames (2006)