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Johann Cristoph Friedrich introduced systematic physical exercises in German schools. He also developed gymnastics principles and published the first gymnastics textbook. (Slade)

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In 1824 Catherine Beecher, founder of the Hartford Female Seminary, included calisthenics in her school's curriculum and "was the first American to design a program of exercise for American children" (Lumpkin, p. 202).

Read more: Physical Education - OVERVIEW, PREPARATION OF TEACHERS - National, Health, Programs, and Sport - StateUniversity.com https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2324/Physical-Education.html#ixzz76sl8g13B

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California is the first state to mandate twice per day PE classes (Mitchell).

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The American Physical Education Association was founded by
William Gilbert Anderson to support physical education in schools. This association provides support for educators and professionals involved in PE, fitness, coaching and education.

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First modern Olympics in Athens sparked many people’s interest in physical fitness.

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The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) was formed by President Roosevelt to draw guideline and regulations for football due to the many deaths of athletes (Physical education).

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The American Physical Education Association created a Women’s Athletics committee to stimulate women’s interest in fitness.

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Kraus-Weber test was created to evaluate the overall fitness, muscular flexibility, and strength through six components.

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President Eisenhower formed the Council on Youth Fitness in reaction to the Kraus-Weber test results of American children being weaker than European children.

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The Kennedy Foundation drew attention to the mentally retarded by sponsoring a series of workshops throughout the United States, by establishing the Project on Recreation and
Fitness for the Mentally Retarded within AAHPER.(Winnick).

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The federal government provided funds for professional preparation, research, and demonstration projects in physical education and recreation for the handicapped. Three functions were: assess and evaluate the physical and motor status of individuals with a variety of handicapping
conditions; develop (design, plan), implement (conduct), and evaluate diversified programs of physical education.  (Winnick).

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Title IX banned sexual discrimination in schools for academics and athletics. As a result of Title IX, any school that receives any federal money from the elementary to university level–in short, nearly all schools–must provide fair and equal treatment of the sexes in all areas, including athletics.

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AAHPER (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance) published guidelines for competency-based professional preparation programs for Adapted PE.

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Public Law 94-142 guaranteed a free appropriate public education to each child with a disability. This law aimed to protect students with disabilities, improve their education, and evaluate their successes.

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was passed, requiring that all people with disabilities, of school age, have access to Physical Education in a normal school environment (APENS history).

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The PEP (Physical Education for Progress) bill was introduced to Senate to initiate, expand, and improve physical education programs for K-12 students. This included funding to provided equipment, develop curricula and staff training and employment.

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No child left behind vs PE
Under No Child Left Behind, subjects like health and physical education suffered due to the emphasis on adequate yearly progress and student testing.

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President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama established a Task Force on Childhood Obesity and began the Let’s Move program to improve national health and increase physical activity.

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In May of 2011, the National Association for Sport and Physical Education joined with The Century Council to celebrate May as the National Physical Fitness and Sport Month and to focus specifically on the Let’s Move Active Schools initiative during May 1-7, the National Physical Education and Sport Week.

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The National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE), headquartered in Reston, Virginia, is the largest of the five professional organizations within the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) (now known as SHAPE America). As a nonprofit membership association they "enhance knowledge, improve professional practice, and increase support for high quality physical education, sport, and physical activity programs." 1 The association offers an array of informational conferences, valuable resources, and grants and awards to its members.

The National Association for Sport and Physical Education's members include physical education teachers, coaches, athletic directors and trainers, researchers, sport management professionals, and college and university faculty. 2 For their over 15,000 members, NASPE publishes physical education position statements concerning physical education, physical activity, professionalism, and technology issues. 3

They have also published national standards for physical education, for sport coaches, and for physical education teacher education. The National Standards for Physical Education encourages the development of physically-educated K-12 children who have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy healthy physical activity through a quality physical education program. The National Standards for Sports Coaches provide athletic coaches with the fundamental competencies they should possess to ensure a safe, quality athletic program. The National Standards & Guidelines for Physical Education Teacher Education provide the basic knowledge and skills required for educational programs for physical education teachers and teacher certification. 4

The national guidelines that the National Association for Sport and Physical Education publishes are concerning physical activity and physical education. Their Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that children aged 5 through 12 accumulate a minimum of 60 minutes of activity each day and avoid long periods of inactivity. NASPE's Physical Education Guidelines recommend elementary schools provide 150 minutes of instructional physical education each week and that middle and high schools provide 225 minutes per week. 5

The National Association for Sport and Physical Education, in conjunction with AAHPERD, created the Let's Move Active Schools initiative to increase physical activity "before, during, and after school" and to assist schools in creating a comprehensive physical activity program that incorporates both the Physical Activity Guidelines and the Physical Education Guidelines. 6 This initiative is also in support of First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move! campaign to solve childhood obesity within a generation.

In May of 2011, the National Association for Sport and Physical Education joined with The Century Council to celebrate May as the National Physical Fitness and Sport Month and to focus specifically on the Let's Move Active Schools initiative during May 1-7, the National Physical Education and Sport Week. The Century Council is a national nonprofit organization that fights drunk driving and underage drinking. In support of this partnership, Susan Molinari, chairman of The Century Council, cited research indicating that "for your brain to function at its peak, your body needs to move and that aerobic exercise prepares your brain to learn, improves mood and attention, lowers stress and anxiety, helps stave off addiction, and controls the effects of hormonal changes." 7

NASPE's goal for the Let's Move in School initiative is that "youth will develop the knowledge, skills, and confidence to be physically active for a lifetime." 8 They are supported by the President's Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition and more than 40 national nonprofit organizations. 9

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National Association for Sport and Physical Education

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The National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE), headquartered in Reston, Virginia, is the largest of the five professional organizations within the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) (now known as SHAPE America).

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Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was signed by President Obama. This act brings health and physical back to create a well-rounded education which provides PE more funding. This was a game-changer for PE in K-12 schools.

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Archived - thirty-five years of progress in educating children with disabilities through idea-- pg 10. Home. (2016, April 27). Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html.
APENS history. Adapted Physical Education National Standards - History. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://www.apens.org/history.html.

Mitchell, M. (n.d.). Physical education - overview, preparation of teachers. StateUniversity.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.

Physical education - overview, preparation of teachers. StateUniversity.com. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2324/Physical-Education.html. https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Collegiate-Athletic-Association.

Slade, S. (2021, August 30). The history of physical education in the United States. Skillastics. Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://www.skillastics.com/2021/01/07/phys-ed-history/.

Winnick, Joseph P. (1986). History of Adapted Physical Education: Priorities in Professional Preparation. Adapted Physical Activity
Quarterly, 3(2), 112-117.