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- Is the amount of acid affect the reaction?
- If change the acid when the reaction already stop is the reaction will continue?
- Why the cola can have more bubble than another one?
- Does each type of the cans affect the reaction?
- Will the result of all cans be the same?

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-Lad reaction-
1. NH4OH <-> NH4(+) + OH(-)
2. g of NH4Cl (Ammonium chloride)
0.5 g, 1 g, and Until it turn completely clear (around 2g)
3. If added more NH4Cl, then the the result will go from pink to completely clear or fainted pink.

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a.) 1st trial- Mild and Poly have the same cup but have the difference in speed. This time Ploy won because she has more speed than Mild. The second time was Oak and Heart which the result is that they are equal.
b.) 2nd trial- Gift and Guy, we have different size of cup, it is generally that I will win because I got the bigger size of cup.
c.) 3rd trial- Peak and Jamie, they have different size of cup and have different start volume. At first Jamie can get more water because the bucket fills of full water which make in the result Jamie won.
d.) A dynamic equilibrium is when there are the reverses reaction happen.

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Food energy
Calculate energy of the food in kilocalories/gram
- Popcorn: 0.1254 kcals/g
- Lay's: 0.105 kcals/g
- Corn puff: 0.0245 kcals/g
Actual Energies
- Lay's: 5.67 kcals/g
- Corn Puff: 5.28 kcals/g
- Popcorn: 4.44 kcals/g

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PE & Graphs -
Where is energy stored in a molecule?
- It stored energy in the element bond.
What can you change about your graph to make it more accurate.
- May be after know the specific number, then put the number in the graph to make it more precise.

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a.) When finish weight the amount of sugar and sulfuric acid then put the sugar in the beaker and add a little of water(mix it together), the temperature is 27°C. After that pour the sulfuric acid in the beaker. While the reaction start the sugar change color then growing a lot higher. During the reaction if watch closely it also produce gas/moist and increase temperature to be 64°C. When take the result out the texture of it is hard and look like charcoal.

b.) C12H22O11--> 12C + 11H2O
c.) Why sulfuric acid is not a catalyst?
Is it any way to make the reaction react more faster?
Why does we need to add a little bit in the experiment?
Why when the reaction didn't occur we need to add sugar instead to be the sulfuric acid?
Why is the result be as solid, not mousse or liquid due to high temperature?

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Activation Energy & Maxwell-Boltzmann - Post a picture of your graphs made in class

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Write a specific question about chemical reaction rates that you can plan an investigation:
- How the different temperature in water affect the reaction rate? (warm/cold water)

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KMT & Collision Theory -
(a) It is because the frequency of collisions that will make more the molecules often collide each other. And more times the molecules collide, it will make more faster reaction.

(b) The spontaneous is the capable of process in a given direction. Which it don't need to have an outside source of energy.

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a.) 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
→ = sodium, potassium, yeast it a catalyst
b.) decomposition
c.) The reaction produces bubbles and foam, which quickly turn liquid into foam as hydrogen peroxide(2H2O2) is stimulated by sodium, potassium and yeast.
d.) yeast, warm water, hydrogen peroxide, soap, KI, NaI

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Lab Variables
Independent variables

The amount of vinegar and baking soda for base.

The amount of vinegar added per time.

The amount of baking soda added per time.

Dependent variables

The bubble

The gas

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- The reactants and products are similar because it have the same number of atoms of each element. But the different between each are mass, temperature, and it also have a new substance.

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a.) baking soda - 10 g
calcium chloride - 20 g
temperature - 26c
water- 15 or 20 mL
b.) *in the picture*
c.) The water are melting baking soda and calcium(it both ion) that make the at first when the water didn't mixed the mass is 68.9g but when it mixed up, it form the bubble and air make the the mass decrease to 66.7g.

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3 video
1. Charles's Law: Balloon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NplVuTrr59U
2. The Ideal Gas Law: Crash Course Chemistry

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxUS1K7xu30
3. Egg in a Bottle

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kr1V0KtZPGw

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10 question
1. Why the water all went into the flask?
2. What is the factor that gas react?
3. Why the temperature of the flask change so quickly?
4. Did the volume of water affect the result?
5. How much the temperature need to reach to get that reaction?
6. Why do the flask does't hot when Ploy tough it?
7. What kind of gas is this call?
8. Is the gas is the reason why water travel in the flask?
9. Why the gas was suddenly disappear?
10. Did the water have any chemical in it to make the reaction?

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4 states: solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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the different between Ionic and Covalent bond

Ionic bond- electron transfer, metal-nonmetal

Covalent bond- electron shearing together, nonmetal-nonmetal

Metal=losing electron

Non-metal= gaining electron

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Chemical bond- force of attraction that holds atoms together

Types - Ionic bond, Covalent bond, Metallic bond, and hydrogen bond

Neutral Atom - Proton equal to Electron

Ion - Proton not equal to Electron

Cation (+) - P>e-

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Order the element biggest to smallest

Atomic radius- measure of the size of its atoms

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Electronegativities- the ability of an atom  to hold electrons tightly, it increase up and right

Ionization Energy- one kind of energy steal the electron but when it has the higher energy the electrons in that atom cannot be steal because it become more strong

If the electronegativity is high the Ionization energy will become higher.

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Periodic table

Write the principal quantum number

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In one orbital the most electrons can have 18 electrons.

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Electron configuration ex.) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6……

Example: (Kr)5s^2 4d^10 5p^5 = need to be the noble gas

Highest energy levels = 7p^3

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Valence Electron = highest electron

Energy sublevels= are contained within the principal energy levels

4 types of orbital: S, P, D,F

S= 1energy level, electron orbital = 2

P= 3 energy levels, electron orbital= 6

D= 5 energy levels, electron orbital = 10

F= 7 energy levels, electron orbital = 14

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Electrons cannot stay in the between energy levels

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Today learned how to find Alpha and Data

Electron Orbitals: Principal quantum number, The angular momentum quantum number, The magnetic quantum number.

Principal quantum number - N specifies the atom’s major energy levels.

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Photon = a particle of light

Quantum = the minimum energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

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3 types of radiation: Alpha, Beta, Gamma

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Isotopes=atoms with the same number of protons, but different atomic mass and number of neutrons

Radioactive= release radiation

Radiation= particles & rays emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atom

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Mass or atom = atomic mass units(amu)

1amu = 1proton or 1 neutron

Weighted average= (% A * mass A)+(%B * mass B)

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Protons= positive charge

Electrons= Negative charge

Neutrons= No charge

Periodic table:

Groups 1, 2, and 13-18 are called the main block elements.

Groups 3-12 are called the transition metals.

Those rows at the bottom of the periodic table are the lanthanides 6 and actinides 7,8.

The elements at the left part of the periodic table are metals.

The elements at the right part of the table are the nonmetals.

The elements between the metals and the nonmetals are the metalloids.

The properties that change in a systematic way as you move either across a row in the periodic table or down a group are called periodic trends.

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Protons, Electrons, Neutrons

Atomic number = number of protons

Atomic mass = #p + #n

Neutrons= atomic mass - protons