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Dorsiflexion is the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot.

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The term plantar flexion refers to the movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body.

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Circumduction is the orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone.

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External rotation (or extortion or lateral rotation) is an anatomical term of motion referring to rotation away from the center of the body.

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Internal or medial rotation of the arm represents the movement of the humerus when an arm flexed to 90° at the elbow is internally rotated around the longitudinal plane of the humerus such that the hand moves towards the midline of the body

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refers to movement in an inferior direction.

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elevation is movement in a superior direction. For example, shrugging is an example of elevation of the scapula.

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Supination of the foot occurs when your weight rolls onto the outer edges of your feet.

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Pronation refers to the way your foot rolls inward for impact distribution upon landing.

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Extension is the opposite of flexion, describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

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Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

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Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) - A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.

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The midsagittal plane is the specific sagittal plane that is exactly in the middle of the body. The midsagittal or median plane is in the midline; i.e. it would pass through midline structures such as the navel or spine, and all other sagittal planes (also referred to as parasagittal planes) are parallel to it.

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Axial Plane (Transverse Plane) - A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

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Proximal means nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body. If another reference point is given, such as the heart, the proximal point of another organ or extremity is the point closest to the heart, central rather than peripheral.

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Distal refers to sites located away from a specific area, most often the center of the body. In medicine, it refers to parts of the body further away from the center. For example, the hand is distal to the shoulder

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Anatomical position, or standard anatomical position, refers to the positioning of the body when it is standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing forward. The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward.

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Lateral means to the side of, or away from, the middle of the body. Examples: The ears are lateral to the nose. The arms are lateral to the chest

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Medial means toward the middle or center. It is the opposite of lateral. The term is used to describe general positions of body parts. For example, the chest is medial to the arm.

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Supine: With the back or dorsal surface downward (lying face up)

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Prone: With the front (or ventral) surface downward. To lie prone is to lie face downward. Prone is as opposed to supine.

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Inferior (or caudal) describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column).

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Superior or cranial - toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity).

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Pertaining to the front or anterior of any structure. The ventral surfaces of the body include the chest, abdomen, shins, palms, and soles. Ventral is as opposed to dorsal. From the Latin "venter" meaning belly.

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of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ.