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Conflict between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in which at least 2.5 million people lost their lives. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal participant, joined the war on the side of the South Koreans, and the People’s Republic of China came to North Korea’s aid. One of the primary means of influencing North Korean troops and civilians was the production of propaganda leaflets, called ppira. These leaflets provides a unique look into an aspect of that conflict that is often overlooked: psychological warfare. The aim of psychological warfare, is to gain an advantage over one’s enemy by exploiting doubt and fear about their chances of victory.

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An American leaflet bomb is loaded during the Korean War.

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An American leaflet bomb is loaded during the Korean War.

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The container holds 22,500 leaflets. Official U.S. Army Photograph, from the All Hands collection at the Naval History and Heritage Command.

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This leaflet’s text reads: “Communists force you into a third winter of war!”

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This leaflet’s text reads: “Communists force you into a third winter of war!”

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This leaflet from North Korea aims to discourage the South Korean army.

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This leaflet from North Korea aims to discourage the South Korean army.

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The text reads in part: “Children are crying over their dead mother as a soldier tries not to hear their cries.” The North’s message is that the poor in South Korea cannot even get proper medical care, which should make them question why they are protecting a society full of pain and resentment.

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The Vietnam War was a long, costly and divisive conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The conflict was intensified by the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. In Vietnam the United States was extremely conscious of the perceptions it portrayed to the world, not only militarily but politically as well. Through out the Vietnam War, the United States government and USIA worked hard at sculpting effective propaganda in an effort to persuade the American public, as well as the rest of the world, that the war was a 'just' war and as such deserved public support. The goal was to create an atmosphere that enabled the U.S. to proceed in Vietnam as it saw necessary.