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"Male" (Gall 56)
"Forethought" (Gall 56)
"Creator of Man" (Gall 56)
"Trickster" (Gall 56)
"Associated with invention and the arts" (Gall 56)
"A Titan" (O'Brian 37)
"Champion of Mankind" (O'Brian 38

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For the first trick, it occurs right after the war between  the Gods and Titans. Prometheus and his brother, Epimetheus, changed sides to help the Gods win.

For the second trick, it takes place almost immediately after the punishment of first by the taking of fire from mankind by Zeus because of the first trick. Since humanity was created by Prometheus, it hurts him to see them suffer without fire.

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Connection of Prometheus Stories to Thesis

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Connection of Prometheus Stories to Thesis

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Both stories contain certain points at which Prometheus tricks Gods, and both times have himself and sometimes others punished in a severe way.

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To help humanity survive after the theft of their fire by Zeus, Prometheus, at great risk, "sneaked into the fiery forge of Hephaestus" to take a glowing ember to take back to man (O'Brian 39). Zeus was not pleased with this so he ordered Hephaestus to "carry the rebellious Titan to a remote mountaintop and chain him to the rocks" (O'Brian 40). Everyday after that a great eagle would come and eat his liver and at night it would grow back for the next day.

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The Gods and Humans just defeated the Titans with the help of Prometheus, a Titan. "They held a feast to celebrate their victory" and Zeus wanted to split an ox with humanity (Gall 56). Therefore, Prometheus put all of the good meat "inside the ox's stomach" so Zeus would chose the rest of the bad meat, which was mostly bones, so the humans can eat well (Gall 56). Zeus was not pleased, so he took away fire from humans, which hurt Prometheus because he created humanity.

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1. The Lincoln Library of Greek & Roman Mythology (By: Susan and Timothy Gall)
2. Myths of the Ancient Greeks (By: Pliny O'Brian)

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Relations of the two stories to the thesis and together

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Relations of the two stories to the thesis and together

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Loki performs great tricks like:

turning into a mare to make the stonemason's horse run away and making him unable to build the wall.

allowing the stonemason to build the wall

turning into an eagle to take away Idun

turning Idun into a nut so he could carry her

tricking Idun to step outside allowing Thiassi to take her away

All of these tricks then backfired making other gods help out like Thor killing the stonemason and the gods killing Thiassi

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Punishment/Backfire of Idun and the Magic Apples (2)

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Punishment/Backfire of Idun and the Magic Apples (2)

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"The next morning Odin found a gray hair on his pillow" and "Freyja gazed in her mirror and shrieked when she saw her first wrinkle."(54). They all went to Idun's garden for the enchanted apples. They found the goddess missing and the birds silent and "all the lovely flowers were wilting"

As a result of Loki's tricks, "that summer was the gloomiest ever in Asgard" and "day by day the Aesir watched their youth and vitality fade away. Their hair turned gray. Their skin sagged and wrinkled. Their backs bent, and their limbs grew stiff and weary"(55).

The watchman of Idun said he say her last with Loki so Odin "called for Loki's capture."(55) "All the gods and the goddesses quarreled over who should have the first chance to torture him"(55)

"Loki put on the coat and turned into a falcon."(55) When Thiassi went hunting one day, Loki flew and took Idun back home. Thiassi spotted Loki and chased him back to Asgard. Once Loki "sped over the wall" the gods created a huge blaze which then made Thiassi catch fire and the "gods took great pleasure in slaying him"(56).

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Punishment/Backfire of Asgard's Wall (1) 

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Punishment/Backfire of Asgard's Wall (1) 

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However, "the builder's great stallion was more powerful than anyone could have imagined"(39). So, by the time winter was ending "the job neared completion"(39)

All the gods then blamed Loki for tricking them into the deal. Loki then had to use "his magical powers and change himself into a mare" By doing this "one look at the lovely female and Svadilfari broke free from his master"(40) So, the man was not able to accomplish any of the wall.

The stonemason "knew the gods had tricked him" and he was "seething with anger, and he swelled up larger and larger, until  suddenly he erupted" into a "bellowing rock giant"(41)

Thor then had to take business into his own hands and he "came running with his mighty hammer"(41). Thor "cracked the giant's head open with a single blow from his hammer" and "Odin sent the giant down to Niflheim, where the souls of the dead dwell in darkness"

Loki was still afraid of the gods and had not returned yet. But when he did he "had given birth to the son of the stallion" "In order to make amends with the gods for his part in convincing them to make a deal with the giant mason, Loki gave the marvelous colt to Odin."(43) The colt "grew to become the fastest horse in the universe"(41)

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Background of Idun and the Magic Apples (2)

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Background of Idun and the Magic Apples (2)

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Odin, Loki and Hoenir became very hungry climbing mountains so they "killed a hefty ox, built a roaring fire, and placed the meat in the flames to cook it" However the meat wasn't able to cook and "was still raw"(53)

Loki spotted "a gigantic eagle perched in an oak tree" The eagle says "give me my fill of the ox and I will let the fire cook it" so of course Loki "grew angry" He then grabbed "a long, pointed stick and stabbed" the eagle. The bird then flew up and Loki's hands were stuck to the stick that was still lodged in the eagle.(53)

The eagle slammed Loki into "every rock, tree stump, and thornbush" Loki pleads to be let go and the "giant Thiassi in disguise" says he would only if Loki brings "the goddess Idun and her apples of youth out of Asgard"(54)

Of course Loki agrees and he tricks Idun to step outside with her basket of fruit which then leads Thiassi to swoop down and seize the girl.

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"The great wall around Asgard" was left in ruins due to the "terrible war between the Aesir and Vanir"(38)

A stonemason "offered to build a new wall, stronger and higher than ever"(38). However he "demanded a heavy price of his services:the hand of the goddess Freyja in marriage" and "the sun and the moon"(39)

Loki convinces the gods saying that "it would take a year or more for the stonemason to build" the wall (39). So, Loki says that the gods should only give him the winter to finish it, so by the first day of summer he would not be finished and, "the builder would forfeit his prize and the gods would gain part of a wall in the bargain" The man then agrees to this deal, but he convinces the god to let his horse "Svadilfari" help.

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The trickster's tricks often fail and frequently backfire on him from African Mythology A to Z

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1. Myths of the Norsemen (Patricia A. Dawson)

2. The Norseman (Virginia Schomp)

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Loki Descriptions - Myths of the Norsemen (1)

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Loki Descriptions - Myths of the Norsemen (1)

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"Unpredictable trickster" (38)

"Son of a giant, but he lives with the gods in Asgard" (38)

"Handsome, clever, and mischievous" (38)

"His cunning schemes place the gods in many difficult situations. However he is also famous for using his wits to rescue them from their predicaments" (38)

"Cunning smile"(39)

"Son of the giant Farbauti" (41)

"Has an evil disposition and is very changeable of mood"(41)

"Excelled all men in the art of cunning, and he always cheats"(41)