# data[].attributes.body
The first picture depicts impoverished living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. The emphasis on sequential time in this culture maximizes time at work to maximize profits. As such, many people were forced into limited quarters to adapt to the demanding work schedule before workers' rights laws were passed.

A benefit of sequential time is the ability to organize how time is spent. The busy schedule above shows how time is often compartmentalized.

The next image shows a Time-Turner from the Harry Potter series. It effectively served as a time-machine, allowing the protagonists to escape the confines of sequential time to attend class or rescue lives. Time became a tool in this synchronous perspective.

The last image of a monastery is reflective of the synchronous culture associated with asceticism. Living away from society relieves pressure to conformity and allows for spiritual freedom because time is no longer a driving cause for concern.

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The first picture depicts Edward Snowden, a former contractor who leaked details of America's extensive surveillance programs. Driven by inner values of morality as a public steward, Snowden acted when whistleblowers ignored him to bring this information to light.

The article shows an extreme of acting on inner values. Senator Rand Paul spoke for over 10 hours against an extension of the PATRIOT Act out of his conviction that it was an immoral bill to pass. Nevertheless, the extension was granted.

The cartoon is a humorous take on behaviorism, a school of thought in psychology. Behaviorism treats learning as the product of stimuli and responses -- reducing our development as products of the environment around us, an outer sense of direction.

The last picture is a Japanese picture of snowfall over a village. Scenes that depict nature and natural phenomena are common in Japanese art and reflect the outer-directedness of that culture.

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Rand Paul relinquished the Senate floor late Wednesday night after 10-and-a-half hours of lambasting the government surveillance programs - capitalizing on a sleepy day in the Senate to highlight his opposition to key parts of the PATRIOT Act that expire at the end of the month.

Wearing dark green sneakers in apparent preparation to go deep into the evening, Paul launched into a lengthy critique of surveillance - a stance that's put him squarely against top Republicans and other GOP presidential contenders who advocate continuing the controversial bulk collection programs.

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"There comes a time in the history of nations when fear and complacency allow power to accumulate and liberty and privacy to suffer," Paul said as he opened his remarks at 1:18 p.m. Wednesday. "That time is now. And I will not let the PATRIOT Act - the most unpatriotic of acts - go unchallenged."

By carrying his talk-a-thon to the brink of Thursday, Paul prevented Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) from filing cloture on a bill to extend or reform the PATRIOT Act.

But it's not clear that McConnell ever intended to - so it's uncertain whether Paul truly gummed up McConnell's plan. And with the House set to depart Thursday, a Senate surveillance vote while House lawmakers are still in town was unlikely anyway.

Still, Paul said his nearly half-a-day control of the Senate floor made a difference.

"I think we accomplished something," Paul said. It was kinda nice to have bipartisan support and having people come down. I think really there's unanimity among a lot of us that the bulk collection ought to end."

Paul didn't hold the floor by himself. The Kentucky senator was buttressed by ten senators - seven of them Democrats - who came to the floor to at times to give Paul a breather. The lawmakers - including Sen. Mike Lee (R-Utah), whose surveillance reform bill Paul criticized repeatedly - chewed up at least 90 minutes worth of floor time in support of Paul. Sen. Ted Cruz, Paul's 2016 rival, also came to spell Paul in the closing hour of his speech.

"I'm entirely in agreement with my friend the senator from Kentucky," Cruz said at one point. "It is abundantly clear that a clean reauthorization of the PATRIOT Act ain't passing this body, and it certainly ain't passing the House of Representatives."

Regardless of whether Paul's speech qualified as an official filibuster, the 2016 presidential contender, who made his name two years ago with a 13-hour filibuster of the nomination of John Brennan to lead the CIA, once again demonstrated his knack for drawing the spotlight to his pet causes.

"The word is: We won't get any time to actually debate whether or not we're going to abridge the Fourth Amendment, whether or not we're going to accept something that one of the highest courts in our land has said is illegal," Paul said. "Are we going to accept that without any debate?"

Paul, along with Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), has threatened for days that he would filibuster any effort by McConnell and other Senate Republicans to extend the expiring provisions of the PATRIOT Act. After leaving the floor Wednesday, he told reporters he hadn't given McConnell a heads up that he was going to commandeer the floor.

"I didn't tell him or anything because, obviously, if they block you from the floor, you can't take the floor," Paul said of his fellow Kentuckian. "So I had to wait my turn and hope nobody would block me."

On Wednesday, the Senate was burning time between McConnell's move to file cloture on a separate measure on trade, with a key procedural vote set to occur one hour after the Senate convenes on Thursday. For much of Wednesday, Paul could talk freely without actually gumming up the legislative works.

Even though Paul's time to talk was capped by the looming trade vote, Paul's control of the floor could ultimately have had other ramifications as the Senate rushed to finish work on a number of bills before lawmakers leave at the end of the week for the Memorial Day recess. While Paul was on the Senate floor, McConnell couldn't file cloture on other bills, including measures to extend or reform the PATRIOT Act.

His decision to speak while the Senate was still dealing with a trade bill, in some ways, gives Paul the best of both worlds: commanding the Senate stage for hours on end without antagonizing the Republican leader from his home state - who has been a key ally - or jeopardizing his colleagues' vacation plans.

Asked whether it's better that Paul was giving his speech now rather than later in the week, Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) smiled and said, "Yes."

"He's doing fine," Cornyn said. "We'll see how long he goes."

Whether it was a filibuster or just a very long speech, Paul again demonstrated his talent for drawing the spotlight to his opposition to many forms of government spying. The Kentucky Republican said that many of the programs revealed by NSA leaker Edward Snowden haven't helped make the country more secure.

"I'm not even sure you can argue that we are safer, but people will argue they feel safer," Paul said.

While Paul was the lead protester, the libertarian firebrand was far from alone on the Senate floor. About two hours into his speech, Paul was joined by Wyden.

Later on, Paul's talkathon became a bipartisan affair - with Lee, Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.), Steve Daines (R-Mont.) and Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) piling on against the bulk collection programs. A handful of Paul's allies from the House - including GOP Reps. Justin Amash of Michigan, Jeff Duncan of South Carolina and Thomas Massie of Kentucky - came onto the Senate floor to show support and listen to Paul.

Outside the Capitol, a small crowd of Paul supporters gathered late Wednesday. They were mostly quiet except for a few "stand with Rand" chants. Amash and Massie briefly stopped by.

Paul's extended floor speech came as the Senate heads down to the wire over whether to extend parts of the PATRIOT Act that are slated to sunset at the end of May. The House last week passed the USA Freedom Act, a bill that would effectively end the government's massive bulk collection of telephone records, and the bill has significant support among Democrats and a handful of Republicans in the Senate.

Paul, however, says the measure doesn't do enough to rein in the intelligence community and could actually give the intelligence community leeway for bulk data collection.

"By trying to reform this, we will actually be granting new power to Section 215 that the court says is not there," he said, referring to the section of the PATRIOT Act that government attorneys used to justify bulk data collection.

But Paul used the time not only to express concerns with USA Freedom Act. Rather, Paul's speech amounts to a de facto campaign speech in which he lamented the threat to citizens posed by Big Government.

Paul gave some of his Republican colleagues a heads-up during their Wednesday caucus luncheon that he'd be taking the floor. But lawmakers were unclear on his exact goal. Leaving their party lunch, Senate Democrats said the timing of the speech left them with the impression that Paul was filibustering the trade bill. And Republicans were skeptical of what he might achieve.

"Good luck to him," said Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.).

The timing of Paul's speech is more likely to disrupt last-minute negotiations on the trade bill than to stymie efforts by hawkish senators to restore the PATRIOT Act. A vote on the trade bill is locked in on Thursday, though Senate Finance Chairman Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) said Paul's theatrical speech "doesn't help us on trade, I'll put it that way."

Paul's speech prevents trade amendment votes from taking place, for example.

"That's his right. He can do that. I hope he keeps it for awhile because I need a few minutes to myself," Hatch said. Asked if Paul could hurt his efforts to reach a long-sought deal on trade amendments, Hatch responded: "I can think of some ways I can get around that."

Paul's lengthy speech allowed him to shine a spotlight on some of the surveillance tactics that privacy hawks have been criticizing for years. He maligned the government's efforts to weaken encryption in new technologies, for example, and blasted the government's current ability to comb their databases for Americans' content even without a warrant - a practice a majority of House lawmakers voted against last year but isn't prohibited by the USA Freedom Act.

The Kentucky senator also lent a hand to American tech companies in Silicon Valley - where he's courting support for his 2016 presidential bid - by highlighting how reports of American spying may make foreigners less likely to use American social networks or email providers.

"Some of these companies are the greatest success stories in our country," Paul said. "In our zealousness to ignore the Constitution, we're grabbing up so much stuff, we're scaring people to death."

Burgess Everett and Kate Tummarello contributed to this report.

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Paul calls it a night after 10 1/2 hours

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Rand Paul relinquished the Senate floor late Wednesday night after 10-and-a-half hours of lambasting the government surveillance programs - capitalizing on a sleepy day in the Senate to highlight his opposition to key parts of the PATRIOT Act that expire at the end of the month.

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The first picture shows Sasha, President Barack Obama's daughter, working as a cashier at a restaurant. Despite growing up in the White House with a secure financial future, American standards of achievement, which place value in work over name, led her to work a part-time job like many teenagers across the states.

The article shows a benefit of ascribed identity. The Queen of England, born into royalty and enjoying a lengthy reign, is in a position of power and has been since birth. She has used her influence to raise over 1.4 billion dollars for charitable causes in the UK.

The bottom left picture displays a downside of ascribed identity. President Bashar Assad was born into a noble family and simply had to wait until his turn to rule Syria. With the Arab Spring uprising in 2011, Assad's clinging to power based on his ascribed identity has led to a horrific civil war, displacing hundreds of thousands of people and causing a widespread refugee crisis.

The last phrase, "rags to riches," is a popular theme in Western culture. The idea of hard work bringing success appeals much to Americans because it is synonymous with achieved identity.

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As Britain celebrates 60 years under the wing of Elizabeth II, new research has shown that the voluntary sector should be particularly thankful.

Research from the Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) reveals that the Queen is among the world's greatest supporters of charities and has the helped the many organisations of which she is patron raise over £1.4bn.

The Queen is patron to 510 charities in Britain, including Cancer Research UK, the British Red Cross and Barnado's. The wider Royal Family support a grand total of 2,415 charities in Britain, with this figure rising to almost 3,000 worldwide.

Elizabeth II favours charities that tackle community and civic issues. These organisations consitute 14% of her charitable portfolio, with education and training causes following a close second, also amounting to 14%.

John Low, chief executive of CAF, said: "the Queen has set an amazing example when it comes to her charitable support making an enormous difference to millions of people up and down the country; doing more for charity in the last 60 years than probably any other monarch in history...

"We want to promote a culture where supporting charities by giving time or money is the norm. The Queen's work for charities of all types is an example to all of us."
This content is brought to you by Guardian Professional. To join the voluntary sector network, click here.

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The Queen has done more for charity than any other monarch in history

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As Britain celebrates 60 years under the wing of Elizabeth II, new research has shown that the voluntary sector should be particularly thankful. Research from the Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) reveals that the Queen is among the world's greatest supporters of charities and has the helped the many organisations of which she is patron raise over £1.4bn.

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1957

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The first figure in the left column is Attorney General Jeff Sessions. In recent days, Sessions has come under sharp criticism for failing to disclose converstaions with Russian officials. He must now recuse himself from related investigations. This sharp separation from personal life and official duties is typical of specific cultures.

The second figure is Raj Rajaratnam, founder of the Galleon Group, a hedge fund. He is currently imprisoned for fraud while his company remains intact; he is the only member of his team suffering for his error, a reflection of a specific justice system as opposed to a diffuse one.

The colorful slide depicts the work environment at Google. Google is often heralded as a company to "work and play." Google's accommodation for serious work and valuable recreation at their offices is indicative of a diffuse company culture.

The quote on the left, "better late, than dead on time" is a passive safety phrase. It indirectly emphasizes the importance to drive within prescribed limits instead of speeding by citing consequences. This roundabout manner of preaching safety marks a diffuse mindset.

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The firstly picture depicts what is known as a Jirga. Jirgas are held in Afghanistan as part of communal decision-making. Whenever an important decision regarding the whole tribe or community must be made, men gather together to discuss and vote on the best course of action. This practice is not limited to rural areas; some national conventions have been held in the Jirga format. This communal commitment to mutual protection and unified action clearly exemplifies communitarianism.

The quote “it takes a village to raise a child” is symbolic of values held in many traditional African societies. This idea suggests that it is the duty of the community to collectively teach the next generation proper values, manners, and skills, and also signifies communitarianism.

The next picture featuring hate speech places individual liberty above respect for the group.  This is an example of extreme individualism. In the United States, there are minimal restrictions on hate speech, especially compared to other countries. This highlights our country’s strong commitment to individual liberty.

The last picture depicts NBA superstar Kevin Durant. This past summer, Durant moved from a small-market team he had been a part of for years to a championship contender in Golden State. Despite the damage this move would do to the team and the sudden hole he was leaving in the Oklahoma City community, Durant felt that this was the best way to advance his career. His pursuit for personal improvement disregarding the group he belonged to reflects individualist values.

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Contracts and obligations can take different forms under universalist and particularist frameworks. Universalists tend to follow the written word as a secure record of agreements and consistently point towards the written provisions of a contract for enforcement. On the other hand, a verbal agreement may suffice for particularists. This allows for a general understanding of a deal and allows for flexibility as needed should any special circumstances arise.

The closing of a child’s lemonade stand for not sale without a permit is technically expected under the law but widely considered heartless and unnecessary.  Nevertheless, the enforcement of the law here represents a strong adherence to universalism.

The last image shows Canada welcoming Syrian refugees. Although these refugees are not formal immigrants, the unique circumstances of their immigration – fleeing a war zone – have led Canada to open their borders to host the refugees. This is a matter of discretion in response to humanitarian concerns, an indicator of particularism.

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texas cops shut down kids' 'illegal' lemonade stand - cnnpolitics

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Texas cops shut down kids' 'illegal' lemonade stand - CNNPolitics

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Texas sisters Andria, 8 and Zoey Green, 7 wanted to raise about $100 to buy their dad a Father's Day present, so they set up a lemonade stand.

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Hi! My name is Muaaz Ahmad and I am a first-year chemical engineering student, hoping to one day contribute to a more sustainable world.

I was born in Lahore, Pakistan, but my family moved to Texas shortly after my birth. I consider myself a proud Houstonian and Longhorn but still connect deeply to my cultural roots, despite my mere conversational fluency in Urdu.

I enjoy watching and playing sports in my free time, particularly basketball. I regularly follow the NBA and (surprise) am a loyal Rockets fan. I also enjoy fishing and visiting natural wonders whenever an opportunity comes up. Consequently, I’ve gained a greater appreciation for the environment and am inspired to help preserve it, someway, somehow.