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penguins are very interesting birds, and the have a long history behind them that is more than 60 million years old. They are believed to be decedents of early birds that roamed the Earth. Over the course of time they adapted to their new environment and spent more time in the water than on land. The theories about penguin evolution are the result of careful research. The remains that have been located tell us quite a story of what took place then that shaped penguins that we see today.

It is believed that the penguins are derived from a type of bird that is able to fly. Yet they needed to be able to adapt to the waters if they were going to be able to survive. As a result their wings changed over time to what we call flippers. They were no longer able to fly but they didn’t need to. Instead they were able to feed from the water and they were also able to walk upright on land.

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As the young penguins grow, adults leave them in groups of chicks called crèches while they leave to fish. There is a reason for the timing of emperor penguins' hatching. By December, when the Antarctic weather has warmed somewhat, the ice the penguins occupy begins to break up, bringing open waters closer to the nesting sites. Now the chicks are old enough to take to the seas and fish for their own food

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penguins have 38 chromosomes

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1.Tall
2.happy feet
3.bird
4.waterproof
5.emperor
6. fish -like
7.careful
8.marchers
9.chick
10.furry feathers

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1.All 17 species of penguins are naturally found exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. 2.Emperor Penguins are the tallest species, standing nearly 4 feet tall.
3.Fossils place the earliest penguin relative at some 60 million years ago, meaning an ancestor of the birds we see today survived the mass extinction of the dinosaur.
4.All but two species of penguins breed in large colonies of up to a thousand birds.
5. It varies by species, but many penguins will mate with the same member of the opposite sex season after season.

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Penguins have feathers to keep them warm. Penguins fat layer that protects them against the cold more than anything while in the sea. fat layer is the best form of internal insulation yet devised by mother nature and therefore the best way to keep warm in water. Penguins have two areas where their body is very poorly insulated and where they can lose a lot of heat, these are their flippers and their feet.

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how do they respond to their environment

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how do they respond to their environment

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Their bodies are streamlined to reduce drag in water. Their wings, shaped like flippers, also help them "fly" underwater at speeds up to 15 mph. Penguins have to keep high body temperatures to remain active. They have thick skin and lots of fat under their skin to keep warm in cold weather.

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Penguins eat krill, squids, and fishes,
Emperor penguins mainly eat fishes and squids.Penguins primarily rely on their vision while hunting. It is not known how penguins locate prey in the darkness, at night, or at great depths.

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penguin reproduce as most birds do, with internal fertilization that is accomplished by putting each penguins cloacas together. The male sprays sperm into the female's cloaca where it can then travel inside and fertilize eggs.

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The emperor penguin has a black head, chin, and throat with broad yellow patches on each side of the head. Its body is adapted for swimming. Its body is fusiform and streamlined. A penguin has large head, short neck, and elongated. The tail is short and wedge-shaped .

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Penguin( Emperor)