# data[].attributes.headline
Source 5: American Schools Are Still Racist , Government Report Finds

# data[].attributes.subject
Source 5: American Schools Are Still Racist , Government Report Finds

# data[].attributes.body
In the article American Schools Are Still Racist, Government Report Finds, published  in a magazine about Politics by  Joy Resmovits, she points out that Public school students of color get more punishment and less access to veteran teachers than their white peers. Resmovits does this by using logos. Ultimately, she is informing the reader  that Such discrimination lowers academic performance for minority students and puts them at greater risk of dropping out of school.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
American Schools Are STILL Racist, Government Report Finds

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
American Schools Are STILL Racist, Government Report Finds

# data[].attributes.body
In the article Discrimination in Education, published on the official civil rights website, the civil rights Committee recommends that "the State party undertake further studies to identify the underlying causes of de facto segregation and racial inequalities in education, with a view to elaborating effective strategies aimed at promoting school desegregation and providing equal educational opportunity in integrated settings for all students. The committee does this by using logos. Ultimately, Theyy are informing us on strategies to help fix these racial problems.

# data[].attributes.headline
Source 3: Not Seperate but Not Equal: Education in the United States

# data[].attributes.subject
Source 3: Not Seperate but Not Equal: Education in the United States

# data[].attributes.body
In the article Not Separate but Not Equal: Education In The United States, published by Rebecca L Case, she states that The United States has confirmed its intention, in several international venues, to address racial discrimination and institutional racism existing within the United States' borders. Circone does this by using logos. Ultimately, she is informing the reader about how the United States is aware of these racial problems in school, and are findong ways to fix it.

# data[].attributes.headline
Source 2: Racism In The Education System

# data[].attributes.subject
Source 2: Racism In The Education System

# data[].attributes.body
In the article Racism In The Education System,  published on a blog website on May 1st, 2015 by Kristen Circone, she touches on how inequality in education can hinder a student’s chance at success in higher education and in a career. Circone does this by using statistics to help support her statements. Ultimately, she is informing the reader about racism in the education system and how it has an affect on the student.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If America is supposed to be based on equal rights and freedom, what can be done to eliminate racial inequality in this country?

I have been in the education system since I was five years old. I believe that everyone should get a quality education and race should not affect a student's chance at one. This should continue to be a topic of conversation until equality is achieved. Everyone should be interested in this topic, not just the people who are being directly affected by inequality. On the surface, it seems that there is equality in education, but with a little research it is clear that this isn't entirely true.

"School Data Finds Pattern of Inequality Along Racial Lines" is an article by Motoko Rich, a writer for the New York Times, that sheds light on the topic of inequality in education. According to this article, minority students are expelled and suspended at three times the rate of white students. Rich also states that minorities are not offered the variety of courses that white students are and they are taught by teachers with less experience. These factors can hinder a student's chance at success in higher education and in a career. Rich uses statistical evidence,

provided by the Department of Education's Office For Civil Rights, that proves there is inequality. The DOE used almost 15 years of information from the 97,000 public schools in America and found a pattern of inequality based on race. These minority students do not have the same opportunities as white students because of their skin color. If all students have the opportunity to be taught by well qualified teachers and are offered the same courses, it would make a big difference in not only the education system, but in all of society. Rich added a quote from Daniel J. Losen, director of the Center for Civil Rights Remedies at the University of California at Los Angeles's Civil Rights Project in the article. Losen stated, "Here we are, 60 years after Brown v. Board of Education, and the data altogether still shows a picture of gross inequity in educational opportunity." Brown v. Board was a case of great importance in which the United State Supreme Court decided that laws establishing separate schools for black and white students was unconstitutional. Mentioning the Brown v. Board case can help the reader process just how long this problem in the education system has been around.

Racial inequality has come up a few times in our class discussions. For example, "The Right To Criticize American Institutions", "Crime and Lynching", "The Case For Reparations", and "Teaching Language In Open Admissions." While some of these readings are about slavery or an increase in violence against blacks, "Teaching Language In Open Admissions" by Adrienne Rich focuses on education inequality. Rich was a poet and professor who wanted to make a difference in education. Rich attended Harvard University and Radcliffe College. By spending time at these prestigious schools and City College, the lines of inequality must have been very clear to her. In this piece of writing, Rich discusses her experience of teaching in the

SEEK program, a program for minority students, at City College in New York. Some of Rich's students did not have basic writing skills. Rich introduced her students to African American authors and she says that they responded well to 'black' literature. Rich explained that her students had potential but did not have the opportunity to strengthen their skills due to the inequality in the education system. A program like SEEK is a great way to eliminate inequality and provide minorities with the tools they need to do well in school. Providing readings that everyone can relate to is another way of reducing inequality.

"Education Is Not Great Equalizer for Black Americans" by Seth Freed Wessler of NBC News touches on the subject of education inequality. The main argument that Wessler makes in the article is, while a good education or job leads to success for white people it does not have an equal impact on an African American's life. Wessler uses data and quotes from academics to make his point that your race determines your future, not your education. A key term that Wessler brings up is: the American Dream. He says that the American Dream promises success for those who work hard and have a good education. He argues that, in reality, this is not true for African Americans. Wessler does use some statistical evidence to help his argument. For example, a group of academics recently calculated that, the median household headed by a black college graduate had about two thirds of the net worth of the median white household headed by someone who did not finish high school. I have to partly disagree with Wessler's argument because there have been many successful African Americans that worked hard to get where they are and did not let inequality get in the way of their accomplishments. Some examples are, Kenneth Frazier, Ursula Burns, and Robert L. Johnson who are all CEO's of large companies.

African Americans who are more recognized for their success are Martin Luther King Jr., Oprah Winfrey, and Jay-Z. These people are great role models and by looking up to them, a student who is suffering the consequences of inequality can know that its possible to overcome it.

The research I have used for my paper has made me very aware that racial inequality in education is still present in today's society. It has also made me think of different ways that can help end inequality. Equal rights are a part of America's foundation and what is happening in the education system goes against it. This research has made me curious about the steps that will be

taken in the future to end education inequality. With some changes, all students can have equal opportunities for success in their lives.

Rich, Adrienne. "Teaching Language In Open Admissions." On Lies, Secrets, and Silence.

Rich, Motoko. "School Data Finds Pattern of Inequality Along Racial Lines." The New York

Wessler, Seth Freed. "Education Is Not Great Equalizer for Black Americans." NBC News.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If America is supposed to be based on equal rights and freedom, what can be done to eliminate racial inequality in this country? I have been in the education system since I was five years old. I believe that everyone should get a quality education and race should not affect a student's chance at one.

# data[].attributes.headline
Source 1: Yes, Schools Do Discriminate Against Students of Color- Reports

# data[].attributes.subject
Source 1: Yes, Schools Do Discriminate Against Students of Color- Reports

# data[].attributes.body
In the article Yes, Schools Do Discriminate Against Students Of Color- Reports, published in a news magazine by Joy Resmovits, she points out how the school-to-prison pipeline flows from school discipline that lands disproportionately on students with disabilities and students of color. Resmovits does this by using Logos to help support her claims. Ultimately, they are informing the reader that students with disibilities and of color are disproportionately affected.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A so-called school-to-prison pipeline flows from school discipline that lands disproportionately on students with disabilities and students of color, according to a set of reports by 26 experts released on Thursday.

African-American students and students with disabilities are suspended at "hugely disproportionate rates compared to white students," said a report by the Discipline Disparities Research-to-Practice Collaborative, which includes experts from fields such as advocacy, policy, social science and law. Latino students, girls of color, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students also were disproportionately suspended -- a punishment the report said increases dropout risks and helps push troubled students out of classrooms and into the justice system.

"We already knew that African Americans were disproportionately affected, but this new research is also saying that it's also Latino students, it's also students with disabilities, it's also girls of color," said Russell Skiba, the Indiana University professor who directed the project. "LGBT students may be at risk for increased discipline. These things have a big effect on achievement."

The researchers found that black students were 1.78 times as likely to be suspended out of school as white students. Latino students' suspension odds were 2.23 times greater than those of white students. Students with disabilities were suspended at twice the rate of their non-disabled peers, and for longer durations. Worse, 25 percent of black students with disabilities received at least one out-of-school suspension in the 2009-2010 school year.

Research shows that removing so-called "bad kids" from the classroom doesn't help non-disruptive kids learn, according to the collaborative. The group found that some restorative justice programs and prevention programs that call for more student-teacher engagement can help lower suspension rates and minimize disruptions. The researchers also found that school police often make arrests for "what might otherwise be considered adolescent misbehaviors."

To reach these conclusions, the group relied on research studies, as well as data from the U.S. Education Department. "Several studies indicate ... that racial disparities are not sufficiently explained by the theory that black or other minority students are simply misbehaving more," the collaborative wrote.

The idea of a school-to-prison pipeline that punishes students of color and students with disabilities more than their peers has gained steam in recent months. In January, the Obama administration released its first legal guidance on school discipline, telling schools that they may be legally accountable for the disparate impact of their actions on different races, and that they are liable for all disciplinary actions in their buildings -- even those committed by police not employed by the school district. The guidance relied on the Civil Rights Act of 1965.

In late February, President Barack Obama himself highlighted the problem with the launch of the My Brother's Keeper initiative. The program kicked off with $200 million in foundation money aimed to help males of color succeed in school and graduate into steady work through mentorship and communal solutions. Some of those efforts, according to a White House memo, will be school discipline reform.

"School districts have just been put on notice and now we're showing them there's real research to show that there are alternatives to frequent use of suspension that will not just reduce suspensions but also reduce racial disparities," said Dan Losen, a member of the collaborative who directs the University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Civil Rights Remedies.

The report comes more than one year after the mass shooting at an elementary school in Newtown, Conn., which prompted many schools to increase security with more police. But those impulses often create tension with efforts to reduce discipline disparities.

According to the collaborative, evidence "suggests that police presence in schools, particularly armed police, should be a very last resort in school discipline strategies."

"There is a tendency in times of threat to focus on implementing more extreme solutions," Skiba said. "There are schools that feel they need to use metal detectors or video surveillance but we also need to realize that kids who really get to the point where they want to engage in these incidents, they're looking for ways around those things. Our best bet is to be comprehensive from the start and say let's look at all levels."

The school-to-prison pipeline thesis has its skeptics, including Michael Petrilli, executive vice president of the right-leaning Thomas B. Fordham Institute.

"This is part of the steady drumbeat now of people talking about different approaches to student discipline," Petrilli said. "I have to say, it makes me very nervous that we're going to be making it harder on educators to be able to discipline students when necessary. This push to make it harder to suspend students is going to have a chilling effect on teaching and learning. We would be incredibly naive to think we would stop disciplining kids and not see an adverse impact on learning."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
1 In 4 Black Students With Disabilities Suspended From School

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A so-called school-to-prison pipeline flows from school discipline that lands disproportionately on students with disabilities and students of color, according to a set of reports by 26 experts released on Thursday. African-American students and students with disabilities are suspended at "hugely disproportionate rates compared to white students," said a report by the Discipline Disparities Research-to-Practice Collaborative, which includes experts from fields such as advocacy, policy, social science and law.