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Phasmophobia is the severe fear of ghosts and can result in extreme anxiety and absolute terror. People with phasmophobia experience the same symptoms of a normal phobia- dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, feelings of dread- except that they may also develop obscure rituals commonly seen in obsessive compulsive behavior to ward off ghosts. The most effective treatments for this are relaxation methods like breathing control and yoga, as well as exposure therapy in that patients are repeatedly exposed to ghost-related imagery to desensitize them to the idea of phantoms.

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Nyctophobia is the fear of darkness and nighttime. People with this disorder often refuse to talk about it because they feel embarrassed or upset when the dark is brought up in conversation. Fear of the dark could emerge from a tragic or intense life time experience as a child, and will not disappear if the phobia seems to take over a person's daily routines and activities. However, Nyctophobia can be treated through exposure therapy, where a patient is exposed to the dark and a therapist measures their brain activity and how that person reacts. A therapist could also teach breathing control, meditation, and mind visualizations to reduce the stress of fear. With recurrent exposure to the dark, a person's fear would diminish.

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"Probably I have more phobias, fear and eccentricities than I would care to admit. I don't think I'm in danger of losing my mind, but I do often question my own behavior. I have a very bad temper, and it's not always healthy for me and for others. I make my way in the world more difficult, and I could do with a little more yoga."
- Denis O'Hare
Read more at: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/phobias.html

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What Causes Phobias? What is the Prevalence?

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What Causes Phobias? What is the Prevalence?

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It's very rare for phobias to start after the age of 30, most of them occurring in early childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. However, they can be caused by stressful experiences,  frightening event, or the awareness that a family member has a phobia as well.

Specific Phobias emerge at the ages of 4-8 and are caused by a distressing experience early on., or due to brain chemistry. Phobias are not often inherited through genetics.

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The Amygdala and the Autonomic Nervous System are activated when a phobia emerges.

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The Amygdala and the Autonomic Nervous System are activated when a phobia emerges.

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Symptoms of a phobia follow a sensation of uncontrolled anxiety when exposed to a particular fear, as well as an immediate desire to avoid that fear. When confronted with the fear, a person is unable to function properly. Other physiological symptoms include:
- sweating
- abnormal breathing
- accelerated heartbeat
- trembling
- pins and needles
- nausea
- disorientation
- headache

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A Phobia is an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of an object, activity, or situation. Anxiety disorders are characterized by constant distress and persistent anxiety.

Three Kinds of Phobias:
1. Specific: intense fear of a particular, harmless object
2. Social: Also known as Social Anxiety Disorder, this is the fear of being scrutinized and humiliated or embarrassed in public situations.
3. Agoraphobia: Fear of finding oneself in a situation where there is no escape.

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An Anxiety Disorder