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The occupation is considered one of the oldest in the world, as chimneys have been around since ancient times. Though it was only after the industrial revolution became developed. In Victorian age Britain, the business became notorious for employing young boys as they were small enough to enter chimneys and clean them from inside. They were called “climbing boys”. The work was dangerous and their employers were notorious for abusing and exploiting them. The boys also suffered from deformed joints, burns, and a form of testicular cancer caused by the carcinogenic chemicals in the soot. It was known for chimney sweeps to choke to death by inhaling soot. In the mid twentieth, the invention of a vacuum suction device that could be attached over the fireplace made the process cleaner than ever.

Chimney sweeps were often depicted in Victorian literature as heartless, abusive scoundrels.

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Although there is a lot of evidence for a rise in child criminality in the 19th century, historians have debated the true extent of this. Better ways of gathering statistics and an emphasis on child criminals by moral reformers could have exaggerated the idea of an increase in 'juvenile delinquency'. See also moralistic books such as 'Juvenile trials for robbery orchards'(1786) for historical over emphasis on child criminals.

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Dickens' childhood and early adult years -  Ben W

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Dickens' childhood and early adult years -  Ben W

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Charles Dickens was born on 7th February 1812 in Portsmouth. Charles Dickens came from a poor family, but he was lucky enough to attend school. Unfortunately, after his father was jailed for having ‘bad debts’, Charles Dickens was forced to leave school and start work in a blacking factory (a boot polish factory). He worked there for three years. The conditions were very poor and Charles Dickens suffered from loneliness.

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Victorians began writing about a "criminal class" which were people who lived off of crime and preyed upon the wealthy. However, this was largely a myth and was only encouraged by social researchers such as Dickins and Mayhew

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Charles had 10 children altogether, with his wife at the time, Catherine Hogarth. There names were: Charles Dickens, Mary Dickens, Kate Dickens, Walter Dickens, Francis Dickens, Alfred Dickens, Sydney Dickens, Henry Dickens, Dora Dickens and Edward Dickens.

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In the early nineteenth century, court conditions and the treatment of both the victim and the accused was very different from today. Trials in court were often very quick. Prosecutors, judges and jurors had more power and choice than they do.

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A chimney sweep is a worker who clears ashand soot from chimneys. The chimney uses the pressure difference caused by a hot column of gas to create a draught and draw air over the hot coals or wood enabling continued combustion. Chimneys may be straight or contain many changes of direction. During normal operation, a layer of creosote builds up on the inside of the chimney, restricting the flow. The creosote can also catch fire, setting the chimney and the building alight. The chimney must be swept to remove the soot. This was done by the master sweep.

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Charles Dickens (1812–1870), English novelist of the Victorian era

married Catherine Hogarth(1815–1879) and they had 10 children.

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At this time the theory of evolution was big. Charles Darwin was the person that discovered it. Prostitution was a big problem around this time. A lot of women had no other choice to make money as they were uneducated or just the easiest way for them.

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Any discussion  of prostitution in the 19th century must begin by saying we have no idea of the numbers involved. In 1971, there were 50,000 prostitutes in London. The word 'prostitute' isn't used in the way we use it today by saying women use their bodies for sex.

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Dickens may have used Cleveland street Workhouse in most his books mainly in Oliver Twist. The uniform for this workhouse was a brown cloth "cap" in which the boys wore, Oliver also had a brown cloth cap. Meaning the Cleveland Street Workhouse may have been Dickins's inspiration.

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Dickens personal experience in a debtors' prison - Lewis 

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Dickens personal experience in a debtors' prison - Lewis 

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Some inspiration for Charles Dickens book 'Oliver Twist' came from a past experience in which his family lived above a shop, close by to a debtor's prison  (1815-1817) and again as a teenager in 1829. It  was called Cleveland street workhouse in London and the conditions and food allowances described in Oliver twist closely resemble those at Cleveland. This was only revealed after Dickens death in 1870.

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Punishment for crimes has changed since the early 1800's. Hangings were extremely common for those convicted of crimes. The worst of this crime was between 1820-1840. Jails were overflowing which resulted in a lot escapees.
There were riots over food costs and availability. The wealthy began carrying guns for protection from thieves. Children of all ages that were considered "at risk" of becoming a problem to society and were treated and punished as if they already committed a crime.

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Children between the age of 7 and 14 after the 1800 were seen as innocent however if tere was proof then they were taken to prison and seen as guilty, they could face the full penalty of the law. for example: imprisonment, transportation and death.

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The "New" poor law established the workhouse system and instead of providing a refuge, food or clothing for the elderly, sick and poor, they made the workhouse into some sort of prison and this led Dickens to hate the workhouse system.
Dickens was disgusted by the Parliament. Charles Dickens had worked as a Parliamentary Reporter before becoming what everyone knows him for- a successful novelist! He always used to take notes from different speeches and listen to many debates. His hatred increased for the Parliament and was sickened by the MP's attitudes.

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youth crime had been a concern since the 1700's but the industrial disruptive effects on family life in the 1800's created fear among the public about the activities of criminal gangs.
Criminal bosses, known as 'lad-men' would supposedly train young boys to steal so they could sell the goods that they received.
During the first half of the 19th century juvenile crime was a genuine problem and 3 in 4 petty thefts were committed by people under the age of 25. 103 of the children under 14 were sentenced to death but not one of them was actually executed. the last execution of a juvenile was John Bird in 1831, a 14 year old who murdered a 12 year old boy during a robbery. After this, lots of prisoners were sent to Australia to do manual labor but this was abolished in 1857.

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Dickens's literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The PickwickP.apers Within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the serial publication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication. The instalment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audience's reaction, and he often modified his plot and character development based on such feedback.

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When he was 12, his father was imprisoned for debt.
While his father was in prison, Dickens was sent to work in a boot-blacking factory.
Even when his father came out of prison, Dickens' mother made him continue working in the factory - for which he never forgave her.
In 1830, he fell in love with Maria Beadnell, but she rejected him.
In 1857, Dickens, now 45, fell in love with an actress - the 18-year-old Ellen Ternan - although he never dared tell the public about her.
Critics had said his previous novel, A Tale of Two Cities, was too sad.
In 1858, Dickens set up his own weekly magazine - All Year Round. In 1860, sales were falling because the novel the magazine was running did not have enough action to keep people interested

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Crime rate was bad especially for children in poverty.

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Victorian politics is about the way in which Britain’s political system, which had evolved over the industrial revolution.

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the book and play Oliver Twist was to represent what poor and poverty looked like in brittain in his time.

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...where Dickens worked in as a child.