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Source 9 - French Prime Minister addressing the French Parliament, 1884

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Source 9 - French Prime Minister addressing the French Parliament, 1884

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I am placing before you, with the support of some statistics, the considerations that justify the policy of colonial expansion, as seen from the perspective of a need, felt more and more urgently by the industrialised population of Europe and especially the people of our rich and hardworking country of France: the need for exports. Is this a fantasy? Is this a concern that can wait for the future? Or is this not a pressing need, one may say a crying need, of our industrial population?

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Source 8: A German cartoon showing a European man filling up a man from a colonised country while he is sent through an industrial press to squeeze out gold coins as a priest watches on.

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Source 8: A German cartoon showing a European man filling up a man from a colonised country while he is sent through an industrial press to squeeze out gold coins as a priest watches on.

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Source 7: An extract written by a Historian, 2010

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Source 7: An extract written by a Historian, 2010

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In January 1858, instructions issued by Paris in November 1857 finally reached the French admiral, Rigault de Genouilly. Paris instructed him that while he had to listen to the instructions of the admirals in China and operations in Cochinchina(South Vietnam), his main task was to halt persecution and assure the toleration of catholic missionaries there. Paris thought this would be best achieved by capturing Tourane(part of modern day Hoi An)

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Source 6: An extract from an Australian online resource library, 2012

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Source 6: An extract from an Australian online resource library, 2012

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The mission civilisatrice* was a facade: the real motive for French colonialism was profit and economic exploitation. French imperialism was driven by a demand for resources, raw materials and cheap labour. The development of colonised nations was scarcely considered, except where it happened to benefit French interests.

*french term for white men's burden

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Source 5: A comment from a French politician in 1878

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Source 5: A comment from a French politician in 1878

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We must recognise that the policy of expansion is gaining ground among our friends. Democratic governments have their necessities. They have more people to find places for. The development of colonial positions may become necessary. North Africa is not enough for us. If, at a given moment, we do not take our share of colonies, England and Germany will seize them

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Source 4: An extract from an online blog on the history of Vietnam, 2002

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Source 4: An extract from an online blog on the history of Vietnam, 2002

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The modern history of European imperialism in Vietnam really begins in 1787, when a French Catholic priest, Pigneau de Behaine, convinced the then French king, Louis XVI it was time to conquer Vietnam.

The French army was led by Thomas de Conway, an Irishman who had been inspector general in George Washington’s Revolutionary War army. Conway stalled, the French Revolution began, and Father Pigneua had to organize the conquest himself. However he was not able to progress far in his venture. The plan to colonise Vietnam was postponed. However the evangelist fervor of the Church in France remained strong.

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Source 1:  Journal of African History, 1966 pg 524
Source 2 : http://p9.storage.canalblog.com/97/50/113362/9201006.jpg
Source 3: http://countrystudies.us/vietnam/15.htm
Source 4: http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch02-3.htm
Source 5: European Dominance and Expansion, pg 86
Source 6: http://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/french-colonialism-in-vietnam/
Source 7: Spencer, Tucker. Vietnam. University of Kentuky
Source 8: http://imgur.com/ShmPxTp
Source 9: Translated from  Discours et Opinions de Jules Ferry, extracted from The Internet Modern History Sourcebook Imperialism.

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Source 3: An extract from an internet website tracing the history of French colonialism and imperialism in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

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Source 3: An extract from an internet website tracing the history of French colonialism and imperialism in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

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The imperialism of a great nation like France was helping to keep empire respectable. And the French were feeling the need for more respect for themselves. French pride had been injured by Germany's defeat of France back in 1871, and French pride had also been hurt too by the minor role they were playing in European affairs. There was a tendency in France to associate empire with national worthiness. Some in France saw themselves as descendants of the Roman Empire and held up the Roman Empire as a model for France, and clinging to such glory they wished not to be outdone in empire by the British.

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Source 2: A 1911 French cartoon. The title is the French Colonies and the words on the shield are progress, civilisation and commerce

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Source 2: A 1911 French cartoon. The title is the French Colonies and the words on the shield are progress, civilisation and commerce

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Source 1: A book 'French Colonialism, 1871-1914' being reviewed by a Historian, 1967

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Source 1: A book 'French Colonialism, 1871-1914' being reviewed by a Historian, 1967

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After I885, it is allowed that justification of expansion for economic gain played an important part in building up the myth about the value of colonial possessions. There is no statistics that support a correlation between colonial expansion and increased national trade. The author's central argument is that Colonialism was primarily caused by French nationalistic fever, especially after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 when the French lost