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There is no cure for HIV, but medication is available to treat it. You are able to live a regular life even though having HIV.

Key Terms:
- Mucous Membranes
- CD4/T-cells
- CD4 count
- Viral Load

Differences between HIV and AIDS:
HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

HIV can be transmitted through mucous membranes and bodily fluids must come in contact.

5 fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus:
- Blood
- Semen/cum (pre-cum)
- Vaginal fluids
- Anal fluids
- Breast milk

4 principles of HIV transmission
1. Source (infection)
2. Numbers (Viral Load)
3. Transportation (Bodily fluid contain HIV must be present)
4. Contact (Contact between bodily build and HIV negative party's mucous membrane or blood stream)

High Risk of HIV Transmission:
- Condomless vaginal or anal sex
- Sharing Injection Needles
- Sharing Unprotected Penetrative Sex Toys

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Valendre Dorlean Legislation Advocacy HIV speaker

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Valendre Dorlean Legislation Advocacy HIV speaker

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What’s the difference between HIV and AIDS?

·         HIV is less advance and AIDS is more advance

·         HIIV: Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus

·         AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Child who is HIV negative at work stay negative

Key Terms

·         Mucous Membranes

·         CD4/T-Cells

·         CD4 count

·         Viral Load

Who’s affected by HIV

In Canada, at the end of 2014

o    75, 500 people are living with HIV, 9.7% increase from 211

o    2,7050 new HIV cases were reported in 2014

o    It is estimate…

In Ontario:

o   Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario as of 2009

o   843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa

o   3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

o   Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

o   Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from IV-endemic countries

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada

o   Men who have sex with men

o   People who use drug

o   Member if African/Caribbean/black communities

o   Member of aboriginal communities (first Nation, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North America)

Who’s missing from the list

Social Determinant of Health

Four Principle of HIV transmission

1.      Source: There needs to be a source of infection

2.      Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

3.      Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.

4.      Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission

How is HIV transmitted?

Five fluid that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus.

Can you name them?

o   Blood

o   Breastmilk

o   Semen/Cum

o   Vaginal fluid

o   Anal fluids

Vertical Transmission

o   When HIV passes to a fetus or baby from an HIV-mother

o   Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to the child.

o   Today, with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%

o   HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluids, placenta, during birth, or breast feeding, the latter being the most likely route of transmission

What are the Chances? Managing risk

o   Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risk is just as natural

o   People are coping with the fact the best they know individuals do what they do because at some level it “works” for them

o   Change is a “process”

What will affect the likehood of transmission

o   Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

o   Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of the other STIs and certain health condition

High Risk of HIV transmission

o   Condomless vaginal or anal sex

o   Sharing injection drugs equipment

o   Sharing unprotected penetration toys

Low Risk of HIV transmission

o   Oral sex without a barrier

o   Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to condom failure or improper use)

o   Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical Risk of HIV transmission

Potential with no confirmed report of infection

o   Performing oral sex with a barrier

o   Receiving oral sex with no barrier

o   Fingering

o   Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

o   Fighting

But if there are no confirmed reports, why does this category exist

No risk of HIV transmission

o   Hugging

o   Kissing

o   Touching

o   Talking

o   Ejaculation on unbroken skin

o   Urine, feces

o   And many more

Testing

o   Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North American are unaware that they are HIV positive

o   Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

o   What’s a “window period” and why is it important

o   Different types of tests: Standard vs Rapid, Nominal vs Anonymous

o   HIV’s a reportable illness- what’s that?

o   What are some barriers to getting tested?

Treatment

o   There is no cure for HIV

o   History of HIV/treatment: AZT and The Cocktail

o   Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence

HIV now

o   HIV and Aging

o   Treatment as prevention

o   Criminalization of HIV non-Disclosure

Combating Stigma

ACO’S Sex Positivity Statement

Sex positivity is:

Saying yes to sex we do want, saying no to the sex we don’t want, accepting other’ choice, respecting everyone’s ability to choose.

We respect the right of everyone, including those of us living with HIV, to make sexual choices that fits within their own personal values

Harm Reduction

-          ACO is a partner in both the Needle Exchange ans the Safer Inhalation Program (crack pipe distribution)

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Speaker notes

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Laura Slot
March 1, 2017

Guest Speaker Notes

HIV 101

HIV is a virus and AIDS is a syndrome.

Human Immune Deficiency virus

Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome

mucous membranes

CD4/T-Cells

CD4 count

Viral Load

21% of people who live with HIV aren’t aware of it.

How can we do better? How can we come up higher?

A lot of people who have HIV are told that it’s their fault for having it, and that they don’t deserve to be medicated, that it’s their dirty fault for getting HIV. As well as the government does not see HIV as a priority due to the issue that there is no set cure; other than temporary medicine to treat it.

The only way you can get HIV or AIDS from someone who has it, is through liquid form, injection, intercourse. If someone who has HIV or AIDS touches your arm, it does not mean you now have HIV or AIDS.

High Risk Transmission:

condoles vaginal or anal sex

sharing injection drug equipment

sharing unprotected penetrative toys

NO Risk of Transmission

urinate

hugging

kissing

touching

talking

ejaculation on unbroken skin

ACO is partnership with Harm Reduction: Safe Needle Exchange

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Guest Speaker week 8 notes- Cassandra Moore

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HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus

Mucous Membranes: Sinuses, mouth. Were fluid can enter the body
-some treatments can kill the patients because they actually weren’t meant for that

75,500 ppl live with HIV in Canada in 2014
In ON 27,420 ppl living with HIV/AIDS
843 new cases in 2012
3,155 ppl living in Ottawa with HIV as of 2010

4 principles of HIV
1) Source: needs to be a source of infection
2) Numbers: there needs to be quite an amount of the virus present
3) Transportation: one of the 5 body fluids that contains HIV must be present
4) Contact: contact with the bodily fluid
EXPOSURE TO HIV IS NOT AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

The Five Fluids that contain HIV
1) Blood
2) Semen
3) Breast milk
4) Anal fluids
5) Vaginal fluids
What affects the likelihood of transmission?
- If you have a STI already
- Not wearing a condom
- Sharing injection equipment
Low risk of HIV transmission
- Oral sex without barrier
- Injecting clean needles
- Using condoms

No risk of HIV transmission if:
- Hugging
- Touching
- Kissing
- Talking
- Urine, feces
- Ejaculation on unbroken skin

Testing
25-30% ppl in north America are unaware they are HIV positive
Standard testing, rapid testing (pricking the finger for sample of blood)

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HIV stands for human immune deficiency virus

AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome

21% of people who live with HIV are unaware they have it.

HIV can only be transmitted through semen and blood. It cannot be transmitted through saliva.

There is a huge stigma around people who have HIV that they are dirty and you can’t touch them or you will get HIV also.

No risk of HIV transmission:

-hugging

-kissing

-touching

-talking

-ejaculation on unbroken skin

-urine, feces

High risk transmissions:

-condoles vaginal or anal sex

-sharing injection drug equipment

-sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Testing:

-25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV positive

-symptoms of HIV seroconversion

-What’s a “window period” and why is it important : 3 weeks for your body to show that you are HIV positive

-Different types of test: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous

-HIV’s a reportable illness- what’s that? It has to be reported to public health Canada so they can keep track

-What are some barriers to getting tested?? Sitgma,

Treatment-

There is no cure.

Barriers of treatment- cost, side- effects, adherence

History of HIV treatments: AZT and The Cocktail

A person living with HIV ages faster (your organs are 10 years older than your actual age)

Sex positivity is saying yes to sex we do want, saying no to the sex we don’t want, accepting others choices, respecting everyones ability to choose.

We respect the right of everyone, including those of us living with HIV, to make sexual choices that fir within their own personal values.

ACO is a partner in both the Needle Exchange Program and the Safer Inhalation Program (crack pipe distribution)

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HIV 101

What is the difference between HIV and Aids?

HIV- Human Immuno- Deficiency virus

AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

-Mucous Membranes

-CD4/T-cells

-CD4 count

-Viral Load

In Canada, at the end of 2014:

-75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011

In Ontario:

-       Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS as of 2009

-       -843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa:

-3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

-Approx. 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

Communities

- Men who have sex with men

- Drug users

-Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities.

- Members of Aboriginal communities.

Four Principles of HIV Transmission

1)   Source: There needs to be a source of infection

2)   Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

3)   Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

4)   Contact: There’s needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

What are the chances?

Managing risk

-       Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural

-       Condom less vaginal or anal sex

-       Sharing injection drug

Low risk

-       Oral sec without barrier

-       Vaginal or anla sex with a condom

-       Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical risk of HIV Transmission

-       Performing with no confirmed reports of infection

-       Receiving oral sex with no barrier

-       Fingering

-       Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

-       Fighting

NO risk of HIV Transmission

-       Hugging

-       Kissing

-       Touching

-       Talking

-       Ejaculation on unbroken skin

-       Urine, feces

-       And so many more

Testing

-       Aproxx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that are HIV positive

-       Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

-       What’s a “window period” and why is it important

-       Different types of test: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. anonymous

-       HIV’s a reportable illness

Treatment

-       There is no cure for HIV

-       Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence

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March 1st, 2017
Difference between HIV and AIDS

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( it is the last stage of HIV)

CD4- Fights infections (found on the surface of immune cells) = good cells
CD4 rises when an individual is on medication and is lowered with a virus
Canada
-> 21% people living with HIV are unaware they have it
-> 75,500 people are living with HIV, 9.7 % has increase from 2011
In Ontario
- 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS since 2009
-  There were 843 new cases in 2012

Who are the most affected?
- Homosexuals
- people who are on drugs
- African women

Ways of HIV Transmission
1. Source of infection
2. There needs to be a good amount to be infected
3. At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

There are five fluids that have a good amount of HIV to transmit the virus are:
1. Semen
2. Blood
3. Breast Milk
4. Fluids from the Vagina
5. Anal fluids

Vertical Transmission
- >when HIV transmits to a baby ora fetus
- > There are no treatment taken when pregnant
-> 20%-30% of transmission to child

What are the chances - managing risk
-.> Everyone is entitled to accurate and practical info and some support

What will affect likelihood of transmission
- It depends on how often you do something
- how long will also affect the transmission

High Risk of HIV Transmission
- unprotected sex
- Sharing sex toys
- Sharing needles ( usually drug users)

Low risk of HIV
- condoms
- injection of unused or sterilized needles

No Risk
Anything that doesn't revolve around fluids interacting with each other

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March 1st, 2017
Difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (last stage of HIV)

CD4- T-cells fights infections= good cells
Infection lives in the blood
CD4 rises while on medication and lowered with virus

Canada
-75,500 people living with HIV, 9.7 % increase from 2011
- 21% people living with HIV are unaware they have it

Ontario
- 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS in 2009
- 843 new cases in 2012

Ottawa
- 3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010
- Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

Who are the most affected?
- men who have sex with men
- people who use drugs
- member of African/black women
- members of aboriginal communities

4 Principles of HIV Transmission
1. Source of infection
2. There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3. At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
4. Needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV - negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

Five Fluids that contain a sufficent amount of HIV to transmit the vrius
1. Blood
2. Semen/Cum
3. Vaginal fluids
4. Breast Milk
5. Anal fluids

Vertical Transmission
- when HIV passes to a fetus or baby from HIV
- no treatment is taken during pregnancy is 20%-30% of transmission to child

What are the chances - managing risk
- risk is natural
- coping with the fact
- change is a process or journey marked by numerous stages and people change at their own pace
- All people are entitled to accurate and practical info and support

What will affect likelihood of transmission
-how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission
- Other physical factors chances of transmission, like presence of other STIS and certain health conditions

High Risk of HIV Transmission
- unprotected sex
- sharing injection drug equipment
- sharing sex toys

Low risk of HIV
- Oral sex without a barrier
- condums
- injection of unused needles

No Risk
-hugging
- kissing
- touching
- talking
- sneezing

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NOTES: HIV/AIDS presentation

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

·         HIV: human immune deficiency virus

·         AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

·         AIDS is what happens if HIV is not treated

KEY TERMS:

1.       Mucous membranes

2.       CD4/ T-cells

3.       CD4 count

4.       Viral Load

·         In Canada at the end of 2014: 75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011

·         Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario as of 2009

5.       843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa:

·         3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

·         Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

·         Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU (intravenous drug use) and people from HIV- endemic countries

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada:

·         Gay men

·         People who use drugs

·         Members of African/ Caribbean/ black communities

·         Members of aboriginal communities

4 principles of HIV Transmission:

1.       Source: there needs to be a source of infection (human)

2.       Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present (person needs a good amount of virus in person)

3.       Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.

4.       Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV- negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

·         Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

How is HIV transmitted?

Five fluids that transmit HIV:

·         Blood

·         Semen

·         Breast milk

·         Anal fluids

·         Vaginal fluids

High risk of HIV Transmission:

·         Condomless vaginal or anal sex

·         Sharing injection drug equipment

·         Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low risk of HIV Transmission:

·         Oral sex without barrier

·         Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to condom failure or improper use)

·         Injecting with cleaned needles

Theoretical risk of HIV transmission

Potential with no confirmed reports of infection

·         Performing oral sex with a barrier

·         Receiving oral sex with no barrier

·         Fingering

·         Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

·         Fighting

No risk of transmission

·         Hugging

·         Kissing

·         Touching

·         Talking

·         Urine and feces

Testing

·         Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North American are unaware that they are HIV positive.

·         Different types of tests: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous

·         HIV’s a reportable illness – must track the illness to be able to manage it

·         Barriers:

-stigma

Treatment

·         There is no cure for HIV

·         History of HIV treatments: AZT and The cocktail

·         Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence

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NOTES: HIV/AIDS presentationWhat is the difference between HIV and AIDS?•	HIV: human immune deficiency virus•	AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome•	AIDS is what happens if HIV is not treatedKEY TERMS:1.	Mucous membranes2.	CD4/ T-cells3.	CD4 count4.	Viral Load•	In Canada at the end of 2014: 75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011•	Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario as of 20095.	843 new cases in 2012In Ottawa:•	3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010•	Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010•	Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU (intravenous drug use) and people from HIV- endemic countries Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada: •	Gay men•	People who use drugs•	Members of African/ Caribbean/ black communities•	Members of aboriginal communities4 principles of HIV Transmission:1.	Source: there needs to be a source of infection (human)2.	Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present (person needs a good amount of virus in person)3.	Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.4.	Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV- negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream•	Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!How is HIV transmitted?Five fluids that transmit HIV:•	Blood•	Semen•	Breast milk•	Anal fluids•	Vaginal fluids High risk of HIV Transmission:•	Condomless vaginal or anal sex•	Sharing injection drug equipment•	Sharing unprotected penetrative toysLow risk of HIV Transmission:•	Oral sex without barrier•	Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to condom failure or improper use)•	Injecting with cleaned needlesTheoretical risk of HIV transmissionPotential with no confirmed reports of infection•	Performing oral sex with a barrier•	Receiving oral sex with no barrier•	Fingering•	Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment•	Fighting No risk of transmission•	Hugging•	Kissing•	Touching•	Talking•	Urine and fecesTesting•	Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North American are unaware that they are HIV positive.•	Different types of tests: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous•	HIV’s a reportable illness – must track the illness to be able to manage it•	Barriers:-stigmaTreatment•	There is no cure for HIV•	History of HIV treatments: AZT and The cocktail •	Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence 

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NOTES: HIV/AIDS presentationWhat is the difference between HIV and AIDS?•	HIV: human immune deficiency virus•	AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome•	AIDS is what happens if HIV is not treatedKEY TERMS:1.	Mucous membranes2.	CD4/ T-cells3.	CD4 count4.	Viral Load•	In Canada at the end of 2014: 75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011•	Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario as of 20095.	843 new cases in 2012In Ottawa:•	3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010•	Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010•	Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU (intravenous drug use) and people from HIV- endemic countries Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada: •	Gay men•	People who use drugs•	Members of African/ Caribbean/ black communities•	Members of aboriginal communities4 principles of HIV Transmission:1.	Source: there needs to be a source of infection (human)2.	Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present (person needs a good amount of virus in person)3.	Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.4.	Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV- negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream•	Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!How is HIV transmitted?Five fluids that transmit HIV:•	Blood•	Semen•	Breast milk•	Anal fluids•	Vaginal fluids High risk of HIV Transmission:•	Condomless vaginal or anal sex•	Sharing injection drug equipment•	Sharing unprotected penetrative toysLow risk of HIV Transmission:•	Oral sex without barrier•	Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to condom failure or improper use)•	Injecting with cleaned needlesTheoretical risk of HIV transmissionPotential with no confirmed reports of infection•	Performing oral sex with a barrier•	Receiving oral sex with no barrier•	Fingering•	Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment•	Fighting No risk of transmission•	Hugging•	Kissing•	Touching•	Talking•	Urine and fecesTesting•	Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North American are unaware that they are HIV positive.•	Different types of tests: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous•	HIV’s a reportable illness – must track the illness to be able to manage it•	Barriers:-stigmaTreatment•	There is no cure for HIV•	History of HIV treatments: AZT and The cocktail •	Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence 

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Chalsie Cook

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Key Terms
- Mucous membranes: Mucus to mucus transfer
- CD4/T-Cells
- CD4 count: High virus=Low CD4 count
- Viral load: the amount of virus you have

Medication allows the CD4 cells to regenerate

- In Canada, 75,500 people live with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.

- 3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

- approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

- Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IFU and people from HIV-endemic countries

Some of these numbers seem out-dated, why?

How can this impact our work?

People who are Impacted

- Men who have sex with men

- People who use drugs

- Member of the African/ Caribbean/ black community

- Members of the Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North America)

Who is missing from this list?

Social Determinants of Health

- contribute to someone’s overall health

- What resources are available to them

- Where they live

- Income, social status, education, employment

Four Principles of HIV Transmission

Source: there needs to be a source of infection

Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucous membrane or blood stream

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission! Blood to blood transfer and sexual intercourse. Stigma surrounds HIV and AIDS

How is HIV transmitted?

Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus. Can you name them?

- Blood

- Semen, Cum and Pre-Cum

- Breast Milk

- Anal Fluids

- Vaginal Fluids

Vertical Transmission

- When HIV passes to a fetus or baby from an HIV-mother

- Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to child

- Today, with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%

- HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta during birth, or breastfeeding, the latter being the most likely route of transmission

What are the chances: Managing Risk?

- Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural

- People are coping with this fact the best they know how individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them

What will affect the likelihood of transmission

- Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

- Other physical factors ca affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions

- Condomless vaginal or anal sex

- Sharing injection drug equipment

- Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

- Oral sex without a barrier

- Injecting with clean needles

- Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to condom failure or improper use)

Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission

Potential with no confirmed reports of infection

- performing oral sex with a barrier

- performing oral sex with no barrier

- fingering

- tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

- fighting

But if there are no confirmed reports, why does this category exist?

No risk of HIV transmission

- Hugging

- Kissing

- Touching

- Talking

- Ejaculation on unbroken skin

-  Urine and faeces

And much more.

Testing

- Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV-positive

- Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

- What's a "window period" and why is it important

- Different types of tests: standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous

- HIV's a reportable illness - what's that?

- What are some barriers to getting tested?

Treatment

- There is no cure for HIV

- History of HIV treatments: AZT and The Cocktail

- Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence

1985

- May little and human about AIDS, including how it was transmitted

- Ignorance led to wide-spread and stigma

- By the end of 1995, 20 303 cases of AIDS had been reported to the World Health Organization

HIV Now

- HIV and Aging

- Treatment as Prevention

- Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure (stigmatised towards gay men especially and heterosexual partners that have anal sex)

Combating Stigma

ACO's Sex Positivity Statement

Sex positivity is:

- Saying yes to sex we do want, saying no to the sex we don't want, accepting others' choices. respecting everyone's ability to choose.

- We respect the right of everyone, including those of us living with HIV, to make sexual choices that fit within their own personal values.

Harm Reduction

- ACO is a partner in both the Needle Exchange Program and the Safer Inhalation Program

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HIV 101

Wednesday March 1, 2017

What’s the difference between HIV and AIDS?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

Viral load is the amount of virus in the body.

Low amount of CD4=Viral load

Who’s affected by HIV?

21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status

2, 570 new HIV cases were reported in 2014

In Ontario, estimated 27, 420 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario as of 2009

843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa, 3155 people living with HIV as of 2010

Only one man that collects the data

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada:

Men who have sex with men

People who use drugs

Members of the African/ Caribbean/ Black communities

Members of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and other Indigenous communities of North America)

All of the above are minorities

Principles of HIV Transmission

1. Source: There needs to be a source of infection.

2. Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.

3. Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.

4. Contact: There needs to be contact between mucous membrane or the blood stream.

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission.

High Risk of HIV Transmission

Condomless vaginal or anal sex

Sharing injection drug equipment

Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low Risk of HIV Transmission

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to condom failure or improper use)

Injecting with clean needles

Treatment

No cure

Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence

HIV Now

Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

Treatment is Prevention

HIV will physiologically age faster (10 yrs faster)

# data[].attributes.body
HIV:

Initial infection

Human-immune deficiency Virus

AIDS:

More serious form of HIV

Acquired Immune Deficiency Virus

Statistics:

75,500

9.7 increase

2,570 new cases

21% of people with HIV are unaware

27, 420 people living with HIV in Ontario

Mainly affects:

Men who have sex

Drug users

African, Caribbean, black communities

Four Principals of HIV transmissions:

Source

Numbers

Transportation

Contact

Five Fluids that transmit HIV:

Blood

Semen

Breast Milk

Anal Fluids

Vaginal Fluids

Likely hood od being affected:

Length of time exposed

Condomeless sex

Shareing injecton Drugs

Low risk:

Oral sex without barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with condom

Clean injection material

Potential but no reported cases:

Oral sex with a barrier

Receiving oral sex

Fingering

Tailoring or piercing with shared equipment

Fighting

No Risk:

Hugging

Kissing

Touching

Talking

Ejaculation on unbroken skin

Urine and faeces

Testing:

25-30 of people living with HIV in north America are unaware they are positive

Symptomes of HIV seroconversion

Window period

Different kinds tests: Standard vs Rapid, Nominal vs Anonymous

HIV’s a reportable illness

Treatment:

There is no cure for HIV

AZT and the cocktail

# data[].attributes.headline
HIV 101By: Jessica MiscioThe difference between HIV and AIDS- HIV= Human Immuno-Deficiency VirusAIDS= Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeKEY TERMSMucus membranes- areas in the body eg. glands, nose, mouth ect fluid to fluid transfer areasCD4 count- controls the viral load, high amounts of these cells mean low viral loadViral Load- how much of the virus is in your bodyWho is affected by HIVIn Canada there are about 75,500 people living with HIV (1/3 in Ontario)it is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their statusOttawa has the highest exposure of HIV with nearly 4000 peopleMinorities are most effected, (gay men, drug abusers, aboriginal men, African, Caribbean, and other black communities)Four Principles of HIV Transmission1. Source: There needs to be a source of infection eg. Human2. Numbers: There need to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present3. Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present4. Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood streamExposure to the HIV is not automatic transmission.How Is HIV Transmitted Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus1 Blood2 Saliva3 Semen4 Anal Fluids5 Vaginal FluidsVertical TransmissionWhen HIV passes to a fetus or baby from a motherStudies show that if there is no treatment taken during pregnancy there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to the childWith proper care there is less than 1% chance of the baby becoming infected.HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth or breast-feeding. The latter being the most likely route of transmission.What are the chances?Risk is natural and universal part of all our lives and managing risks is just as natural.People are entitled to accurate and helpful supportLikelihood of transmissionSome factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect the chances of transmissionOther physical factors can affect chances of transmission like the presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions.High risk of HIV transmissionCondom-less sex (vaginal or anal)Sharing injection drug equipmentSharing unprotected penetrative toysLow risk of HIV TransmissionOral sex (vaginal or anal)Sex with a condom (if condom breaks HIV can occur)Injecting with clean needlesTheoretical Risk of HIV TransmissionPotential with no confirmed reports of infection-	oral sex with or without barrier-	fingering-	tattooing or piercing-	fightingTestingDifferent types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous25-30% of people who are HIV positive that are unaware they are HIV testedWindow period- time of exposure to when antibodies form and the HIV shows (three weeks or so)Barriers- stigmaTreatmentThere is no cure for HIVHistory of HIV treatments: AZT and the CocktailBarriers to treatment: Cost, side-effects, adherenceHIV NowHIV and Aging- ages faster as your body can not keep up, your organs are ten years older than they should beTreatment and preventionCriminalization of HIB non-disclosureCombatting StigmaRespect everyone including those of us living with HIV to make sexual choices within their own personal values. “What works for me, works for me”Harm ReductionACO is a partner in the needle exchange program and the safer inhalation program. Offering clean drug use equipment, personal hygiene ect. Get tested!

# data[].attributes.subject
HIV 101By: Jessica MiscioThe difference between HIV and AIDS- HIV= Human Immuno-Deficiency VirusAIDS= Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeKEY TERMSMucus membranes- areas in the body eg. glands, nose, mouth ect fluid to fluid transfer areasCD4 count- controls the viral load, high amounts of these cells mean low viral loadViral Load- how much of the virus is in your bodyWho is affected by HIVIn Canada there are about 75,500 people living with HIV (1/3 in Ontario)it is estimated that 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their statusOttawa has the highest exposure of HIV with nearly 4000 peopleMinorities are most effected, (gay men, drug abusers, aboriginal men, African, Caribbean, and other black communities)Four Principles of HIV Transmission1. Source: There needs to be a source of infection eg. Human2. Numbers: There need to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present3. Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present4. Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood streamExposure to the HIV is not automatic transmission.How Is HIV Transmitted Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus1 Blood2 Saliva3 Semen4 Anal Fluids5 Vaginal FluidsVertical TransmissionWhen HIV passes to a fetus or baby from a motherStudies show that if there is no treatment taken during pregnancy there is between 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to the childWith proper care there is less than 1% chance of the baby becoming infected.HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth or breast-feeding. The latter being the most likely route of transmission.What are the chances?Risk is natural and universal part of all our lives and managing risks is just as natural.People are entitled to accurate and helpful supportLikelihood of transmissionSome factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect the chances of transmissionOther physical factors can affect chances of transmission like the presence of other STI’s and certain health conditions.High risk of HIV transmissionCondom-less sex (vaginal or anal)Sharing injection drug equipmentSharing unprotected penetrative toysLow risk of HIV TransmissionOral sex (vaginal or anal)Sex with a condom (if condom breaks HIV can occur)Injecting with clean needlesTheoretical Risk of HIV TransmissionPotential with no confirmed reports of infection-	oral sex with or without barrier-	fingering-	tattooing or piercing-	fightingTestingDifferent types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous25-30% of people who are HIV positive that are unaware they are HIV testedWindow period- time of exposure to when antibodies form and the HIV shows (three weeks or so)Barriers- stigmaTreatmentThere is no cure for HIVHistory of HIV treatments: AZT and the CocktailBarriers to treatment: Cost, side-effects, adherenceHIV NowHIV and Aging- ages faster as your body can not keep up, your organs are ten years older than they should beTreatment and preventionCriminalization of HIB non-disclosureCombatting StigmaRespect everyone including those of us living with HIV to make sexual choices within their own personal values. “What works for me, works for me”Harm ReductionACO is a partner in the needle exchange program and the safer inhalation program. Offering clean drug use equipment, personal hygiene ect. Get tested!

# data[].attributes.body
HIV

What is the different between HIV and AIDS?

-      HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virous

-      AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Key Terms

-      Mucous membranes

-      CD4/T-Cells

-      CD4 count

-      Viral Load

Who’s affected by HIV?

In canada, at the end of 2014:

-      75,500 people are living with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011

-      2,750 new HIV cases were reported in 2014

-      It is estimated

In Ontario

-      Estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS in Ontario as of 2009

-      843 new cases in 2012

In Ottawa”

-      3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

-      Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

-      Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from IV-endemic countries

Some of these numbers seem outdated-why?

How can this impact our work?

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDs in cananda:

-      Men who have sex with men

-      People who use drugs

-      Members of the African/Caribbean/black communities

-      Members of aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Meits, and other Indigenous communities of North America)

Four Principles of HIV Transmission

1)    Source: There need to be a source of infection

2)    Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

3)    Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

4)    Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!

How is HIV transmitted?

-      Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV o transmit the virus.

Can you name them?

-      Blood

-      Breastmilk

-      Semen/Cum

-      Vagianal fluid

-      Anal fluids

Vertical Transmission

-      When HIV passes to a fetus or baby from an HIV-mother

-      Studies show that if no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is betwwen 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to child

-      Today, with proper care, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%

-      HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth, or breast-feeding, the latter being the most likely route of transmission

What are the chances?” managing risk

-      Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural

-      People are coping with this fact the best they know how individuals do what they do because at some level it “works” for them

-      Change is a “process

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?

-      Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

-      Other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health condition

High risk of HIV transmission

-      Condomless vaginal or anal sex

-      Sharing injection drug equipment

-      Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low risk of HIV Transmission

-      Oral sex without a barrier

-      Vaginal or anal sex with a condom (only due to condom failure or improper use)

-      Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical Risk of HIV transmission

Potential with no confirmed reports of infection

-      Performing oral sex with a barrier

-      Receiving oral sex with no barrier

-      Fingering

-      Tattooing or piercing wit shared equipment

-      Fighting

But if there are no confirmed reports, why does this category exist?

No Risk of HIV Transimission

-      Hugging

-      Kissing

-      Touching

-      Talking

-      Ejaculation on unbroken skin

-      Urine, feces

And so many more

Testing

-      Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North American are unware that they are HIV positive

-      Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

-      What’s a “window period” and why is it important

-      Different types of tests” Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous

-      HIV’s a reportable illness- what’s that?

-      What are some barriers to getting tested?

Treatment

-      There is no care for HIV

-      History of HIV treatment

AZT and The cocktail

-      Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, adherence

1985

-      Very little

HIV Now

-      HIV and Aging

-      Treatment as Prevention

-      Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

Combating stigma

ACO’s Sex Positivity Statement

Sex positivity is:

Saying yes to sex we do want, saying no to the sex we don’t want, accepting others’ choices, respecting everyone’s ability to choose.

We respect the right of everyone, including those of us living with HIV, to make sexual choices that fit within their own personal values

Harm reduction

-      ACO is a partner in both the Needle Exchange Program and the Safer Inhalation Program(crack pipe distribution)

# data[].attributes.body
• HIV- Human Immune-Deficiency Virus

o Where it starts

• AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

o Advanced

• Key terms

o Mucous membranes

o CD4/T-cells

o CD4 Count

o Viral load

• Rates

o 75,500 people living with HIV in Canada

 9.7 increase

 2,570 new cases in 2014

 21% of people with HIV who are unaware

o 27,420 people living with HIV in Ontario

 843 new cases in 2012

o 3155 living with HIV in Ottawa

 100 people diagnosed in 2010

• Disproportionately affected

o Men who have sex with men

o Drug users

o African, Caribbean, black communities

o Aboriginal Communities

• Four principles of HIV transmission-*not automatic transmission

o Source

o Numbers-Quantity of HIV virus present

o Transportation-five bodily fluids that contain HIV

o Contact

• HIV transmission- five fluids

o Blood

o Semen

o Breast milk

o Anal fluids

o Vaginal fluids

• Vertical Transmission

o HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluids, placenta, during birth, or breast feeding

o Today with proper care less than 1% of fetuses are born with it

• Managing risk

o Awareness

o Accurate and practical information and support

• What affects likelihood

o How often you come in contact with it

• High risk

o Condom-less vaginal or anal sex

o Sharing invective drug equipment

• Low risk

o Oral sex

o Sex with a condom

o Injecting with clean needles

• Theoretical risk (a chance-no credible reports)

o Oral sex with or without barrier

o Fingering

o Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

o Fighting

• No risk

o Hugging

o Kissing

o Touching

o Talking

o Ejaculation on unbroken skin

o Urine, feces

• Testing

o 25-30% of people living with HIV are unaware

o Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

o Window period

o Different kinds of tests

 Standard VS Rapid

 Nominal VS Anonymous

o Reportable illness

o Barriers

 stigma

• Treatment

o There is no cure

o History of HIV treatments

 AZT and the cocktail

o Barriers of treatments

 Cost

 Side effects

 Adherence

• HIV now

o HIV and aging

o Treatment as prevention

o Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure

• Combating stigma

o Sex positivity

 Respect

 No judgement

• Harm reduction

o ACO

# data[].attributes.body
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Key terms

·         Mucous membranes

·         CD4/T-Cells

·         CD4 count

·         Viral Load

Ø  21% of people living with HIV don’t know they are infected with HIV (27,420 in Ontario as of 2009)

Ø  Men who have sex with other men, people who use drugs, members of “black” & Aboriginal communities, are most effected by HIV in Canada

Ø  Exposure to HIV is not automatic

Ø  Likelihood of transmission could be the amount – how many times are you exposed to this

Ø  Low transmission include, oral sex, and protected sex (drugs: injection with CLEAN needles)

Ø   No risk of transmission includes, hugging, kissing, ejaculating on unbroken skin, urine, feces

# data[].attributes.body
o   HIV – Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus

o   AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

o   AIDS occurs when HIV is not treated

Key Terms

o   Mucous membranes

o   CD4/T-Cells

o   CD4 count

o   Viral Load

In Canada, at the end of 2014,

o   75,500 people are living with HIV

o   843 new cases in 2012

o   3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

o   Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010

Communities disproportionally affected by HIV\AIDS in Canada

o   Gay men

o   People who use drugs

o   Members of African or Caribbean or black communities

o   Members of aboriginal communities

The four principals of HIV

o   Source – there needs to be a source of infection

o   Numbers – there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

o   Transportation – at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

o   Contact – there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party’s mucus membrane or blood stream

Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus.

o   Blood

o   Semen

o   Breast milk

o   Anal Fluids

o   Vaginal Fluids

High Risk of HIV Transmission

o   Condomless vaginal or anal sex

o   Sharing injection drug equipment

o   Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low risk of HIV Transmission

o   Oral sex without a barrier

o   Vaginal or anal sex with a condom

o   Injection with clean needles

NO RISK of transmission

o   Hugging

o   Kissing

o   Touching

o   Talking

o   Urine and feces

Testing

o   Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV-positive

o   Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

o   What's a "window period" and why is it important

o   Different types of tests: standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous

o   HIV's a reportable illness - what's that?

o   What are some barriers to getting tested?

Treatment

o   There is no cure for HIV

o   History of HIV treatments: AZT and The Cocktail

o   Barriers to treatment: cost, side-effects, influence

# data[].attributes.body
Low Risk HIV Transmission

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal with a condom(only due to condom failure or improper use)

Injection with clean needles

Theoretical Risk of HIV Transmission

Performing oral sex with a barrier

Receiving oral sex with no barrier

Fingering

Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

Fighting

No Risk of HIV Transmission

Hugging

Kissing

Touching

Talking

Ejaculation on unbroken skin

Urine, feces

And so many more

Testing

Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North Americans are unaware that they are HIV positive.

Symptoms of HIV seroconversion.

What is a "window period" and why is it important

Different types of tests: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous

HIV'S a reportable illness- what's that?

What are some barriers to getting tested?

# data[].attributes.body
No risks for HIV transmission:
*kissing
*touching
*hugging
*Talking
*Ejaculation on unbroken skin
*Urine
*Feces

* HIV positive individuals can live for a long normal life if treated. HIV can be transmitted if parties involved are having unprotected vaginal or anal sex.
* 75,500 people were living with HIV in Canada (2014)

Theoretical risk of HIV transmission:

*Fighting

*Fingering
*Receiving oral sex with no barrier

*Performing oral sex with a barrier

Testing
* Approximately 25-30% of people with HIV in  North America are unaware that they are HIV positive .
Terms.....
mucous membrane  – soft, warm and often wet places (vagina, anus, penis)
CD4/T-Cells – Immune Cells
CD4 count  -  Number of immune cells in one’s body
Viral Load - The amount of HIV in a bodily fluid

# data[].attributes.body
High risk of HIV transmission:
Condemless Vaginal or anal risk
Sharing injection drug equipment

Low risk :

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom
Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical risk of HIV transmission:

Fighting

Fingering
Receiving oral sex with no barrier

Performing oral sex with a barrier

fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit a virus:

Blood
Semen
Breast Milk

Vertical transmission:

When HIV passes to a fetus or baby an HIV

Mother to child

Baby infected is less then 1%

What are the chances risk:

Risk is a natural and universal part of all of our lives and managing risk is just as natural

Likelihood of transmission:

Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transition

Other physical factors can affected chances of transition like presences of other STI’s

Testing:

Approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in Canada are unaware that they are HIV positive

# data[].attributes.body
Difference between AIDS and HIV:
HIV- Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
Acquire Immuno Deficiency Virus

Key Terms:
Mucous membrane
CD4/T- Cell
CD4 Count
Viral Load

Statistics:
2014-   75,500 people living with HIV in Canada
2,570 new HIV cases reported
2009 -  27,420 HIV cases in Ontario
2012-   843 new cases reported

Communities affected:
Men who have sex with men
People who use drugs
Members of African/ Caribbean/Black communities
Members of Aboriginal communities

Social Determinants:
Social Environment
Economic environment
Physical environment
Lifestyle and Behavior

Principles of HIV transmission:
Source
Numbers
Transportation
Contact

How is HIV transmitted (5 Fluids):
Blood
Semen
Vaginal Fluid
Anal fluid
Breast milk

Vertical Transmission:
When HIV passes to a etus or baby from an HIV mother

# data[].attributes.body
HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
AIDS:  Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

HIV and Aids are incurable disease.  HIV is a virus and you can live with it while AIDS is the actual disease. when you have a load amount of virus then you get a low amount of CD4 and Low viral load high CD4 count. There is a wide range of communities affected by HIV this includes: Man to man sex, drug influence sex and most of the minority or oppressed  population such as the first nations citizens and black community.
Social determinants of health determine your health outcome in the future.  there are four principle of HIV transmission.which are;
-  source: there need to be a source of infection
-  numbers: there need to be sufficient amount of the virus present.
-  transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
- contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid.
Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission.
people are generally afraid of persons with HIV and this is  because of stigma. this is sticking to a certain idea long preconceived about HIV.
Medium of transmission include: blood, semen, anal fluid, virginal fluid. pregnant women  with HIV who do not take treatment, there is 20% -30% chance the baby will contract HIV and if she takes her medication there is just a 1% chance.

aids can be spread by month but only after 10,000 litres has been transferred? who the hell is drinking spit lol
anal sex is spread easier through anal sex because the anal membrane is 10 times thinner than vaginal lining and this means you are more likely to spread the HIV this way it is one of the reasons they say gay men are more likely to contract HIV or aids
you are tested for HIV and or aids before you give blood they screen

Some Potential with no confirmed reports of infection.
.Performing oral sex without a barrier
Hugging, Kissing, Touching, Talking, Ejaculating on unbroken skin, urine, feces and many more.
Testing- Standard Vs Rapid, Nominal Vs Anonymous.
Full names: Austin ward

Human Immuno Virus Deficiency Syndrome

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

The difference between HIV and AIDS…

HIV – Immuno virus deficiency

AIDS – Immune deficiency syndrome

Key Terms:

Mucous Membranes – soft, warm and often wet places (vagina, anus, penis)

CD4/T-Cells – Immune Cells

CD4 count -  Number of immune cells in one’s body

Viral Load- The amount of HIV in a bodily fluid
low load you won't pass the HIV virus on

Facts:

75, 000 people in Canada are living with HIV

Estimated that 21% of people living with HIV and do not know it

Ottawa has the highest occurrence rates in the province for exposure categories it is actually 85,580 HIV cases have been reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada, not 75,000

Affected Communities affected by AIDS and HIV:

·         People who use drugs

·         Men who have sex with men

·         Member of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis)

·         Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities

Fluids that Transmit HIV

·         Blood

·         Pre-seminal fluids

·         Seminal fluids – Rectal and Vaginal

·         Breast Milk

High-Risk Activities:

Condomless vaginal or anal sex

Sharing injection drug equipment

Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low-Risk Activities:

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom(only due to condom failure or improper use)

Injecting with cleaned needles

Theoretical Risk of Transmission:

Fighting

Fingering

Performing or receiving oral sex with a barrier

Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

No Risk Transmission:

Hugging

Kissing not actually true  it takes 10,000 liters of mouth fluid

Touching

Urine, feces

Treatment:

There is no cure

Treatment history includes: AET and the Cocktail killed many people at first it was almost as dangerous as the HIV itself

you need to supplement with protein and other vitamins

this is a treatment for children and babies that has proven effective
you can read about it in time also their is a artical about the child that was cured but stopped the medications and after 18 months contracted the hiv virus after a stop of treatment  but i have to point this out the child was free and clear of HIV for the time he stayed on the cock tail it waasnt untill the child stopped the medication for a time

# data[].attributes.body
Key Terms:

Mucous membrane
CD4/T- Cell
CD4 Count
Viral Load

Fluids that Transmit HIV
·         Blood
·         Pre-seminal fluids
·         Seminal fluids – Rectal and Vaginal
·         Breast Milk

Low Risk Activities:

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom(only due to condom failure or improper use)

Injecting with cleaned needles

Some Potential with no confirmed reports of infection.
.Performing oral sex without a barrier
Hugging, Kissing, Touching, Talking, Ejaculating on unbroken skin, urine, feces and many more.

Testing- Standard Vs Rapid, Nominal Vs Anonymous.

# data[].attributes.body
You can’t get HIV through:

-       Hugging

-       Kissing

-       Touching

-       Talking

-       Ejaculating on skin

-       Urine

30% of people living with HIV in North American are unaware that they have it.

You can live a normal life with HIV… it’s easier to live with HIV than it is diabetes.

If a mother has HIV the baby won’t necessarily be HIV positive (less than 1% of babies are infected)

It takes 3 weeks to show signs of HIV . AKA Window period

HIV can be transmitted through:

-       Blood

-       Semen

-       Breast milk

-       Vagina

-       Anus

There is no cure to HIV

If you live with HIV your immune system is aging 10x faster than your age.

# data[].attributes.body
Full names:

Human Immuno Virus Deficiency Syndrome

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

The difference between HIV and AIDS…

HIV – Immuno virus deficiency

AIDS – Immune deficiency syndrome

Key Terms:

Mucous Membranes – soft, warm and often wet places (vagina, anus, penis)

CD4/T-Cells – Immune Cells

CD4 count -  Number of immune cells in one’s body

Viral Load- The amount of HIV in a bodily fluid

Facts:

75, 000 people in Canada are living with HIV

Estimated that 21% of people living with HIV and do not know it

Ottawa has the highest occurrence rates in the province for exposure categories

Affected Communities affected by AIDS and HIV:

·         People who use drugs

·         Men who have sex with men

·         Member of Aboriginal communities (First Nations, Inuit, Metis)

·         Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities

Fluids that Transmit HIV

·         Blood

·         Pre-seminal fluids

·         Seminal fluids – Rectal and Vaginal

·         Breast Milk

High Risk Activities:

Condomless vaginal or anal sex

Sharing injection drug equipment

Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low Risk Activities:

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom(only due to condom failure or improper use)

Injecting with cleaned needles

Theoretical Risk of Transmission:

Fighting

Fingering

Preforming or receiving oral sex with a barrier

Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

No Risk Transmission:

Hugging

Kissing

Touching

Urine, feces

Ejaculation or unbroken skin

Treatment:

There is no cure

Treatment history includes: AZT and the Cocktail

Barriers include coast or side-effects

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MELISSA CARDINAL - HIV: Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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MELISSA CARDINAL - HIV: Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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Key Terms
-Mucus membranes: Mucus to mucus transfer
-CD4/T-Cells
CD4 count: High virus=Low CD4 count
-Viral load: the amount of virus you have

Medication allows the CD4 cells to regenerate

In Canada 75,500 people live with HIV, a 9.7% increase from 2011.
In Ontario 3,1555 people live with HIV (2011)

There's only 1 person who collects all the data for Canada

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada:
-Men who have sex with men are 53% more likely to get HIV
-drug users
-African/Caribbean/Black Communities
-Aboriginals (Metis, First Nations, Inuit)

Where you live, where you were born determines 30% of your  health outcome

4 Principles
1) Source - source of infection
2) Number - Sufficient quality of HIV virus present
3) Transportation - 1 of 5 bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
4) Contact - There needs to be contact between mucus membrane or blood stream

HIV is not automatic transmission

HIV is transmitted though blood, semen, breast milk, anal and vaginal

Chances of getting HIV depend on:
-exposure
-frequency of being at risk
- your immune system
-unprotected sex
-sharing drug equipment

Beliefs about the transmission of HIV that are not confirmed:
-tattooing
-piercing
-fighting

No risks for HIV transmission:
-hugging
-kissing
-touching
-talking
-ejaculation on unbroken skin
-urine, feces

Testing:
-25%-30% live with HIV and are unaware
-There's a 3 week window period before your body will show HIV

Barriers for testing:
-Stigma
-Shame/fear

There is no cure for HIV

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Difference between HIV/AIDS:
-HIV-Human Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
-AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Key Terms:
-Mucous membranes-Various areas in the nose, glands etc. Fluid to fluid transfer.
-CD4/T-Cell
-CD4 count
Viral Load

In Canada:
-75,500 people living with HIV

In Ontario:
-27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS

In Ottawa:
-2,155 people living with HIV
Communities affected by HIV/AIDS:
-Men who have sex with men. -People who use drugs. -Members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities. -Members of Aboriginal communities.

Four Principles of HIV Transmission:
1. Source:There needs to be a source of infection
2. Numbers: There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3. Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIB must be present.
4. Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucus membrane/blood stream.
HIV Transmitted by:-Blood, Semen, Pre-seminal Fluids, Rectal Fluids, Breast Milk and, Vaginal Fluids.

Vertical Transmission:
-HIV can spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth or breast-feeding.
-Today, the risk of a baby becoming infected is less than 1%

High Risk of HIV Transmission:
-Condomless vaginal or anal sex
-Sharing injection drug equipment
-Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low Risk HIV Transmission:
-Oral sex without a barrier
-Vaginal or anal sex with a condom
-Injecting with clean needles

No RIsk of HIV Transmission:
-Hugging
-Kissing
-Touching
-Talking
-Ejaculation on unbroken skin
-Urine, feces etc.

Testing:
-Different types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
-Approx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV positive

Treatment:
-No cure for HIV
-Barriers to treatment: Cost, Side-effects, Adherence.
-History of HIV Treatments: AZT and The Cocktail.

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Shaun Hughes

HIV

·         How it starts

·         Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus

AIDS

·         more advanced

·         Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Key Terms- Mucous membranes, CD4/TCELLS, CD4 count, Viral load

·         2014 75000 people living with HIV

·         Ontario 27000 people living with HIV

·         Ottawa about 4000 people living with HIV

·         21% of people with HIV are unaware they have it
People affected
-Men who have sex with men
-people who use drugs
-African/Caribbean/black communities
-Member of aboriginal communities
Transmission
-Source, Number, Transportation, Contact
Fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus
-Blood, Semen, Anal fluids, Breast Milk, Vaginal fluids
Likelihood of transmission
-Presence of other STIs and certain health conditions
High Risk of HIV Transmitting
-Unprotected sex
-sharing drug equipment
Low Risk of HIV Transmitting
-Oral sex without a barrier
-Injection with clean needles
-Protected sex
No Risk of Transition
-Hugging, kissing, touching, talking, urine, ejaculating on unbroken skin
Fun Facts
-Takes 3 weeks to know if you have HIV
-1% of population has to have HIV for it to be an epidemic
-There is NO cure

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- HIV is transmitted through the mucous membranes; vagina,anus,mouth,sinus cavity
-key terms; Mucous membranes,CD4/TCELLS(HIV attacks Tcells),CD4 count,Viral load(how affected you are)
- FOUR principles of HIV transmission
i. Source: a person ; human  virus
ii. Numbers:Sufficient quantity of virus
iii. Transportation: At least 1/5 of the 5 bodily fluids must be present to contract the virus
iv.Contact: membrane or bloodstream
*** Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission***
HIGH RISK OF HIV TRANSMISSION
I. Condomless vaginal or anal sex
ii.Condom but improper use (failure to use/improper use)
iii.Injecting with "cleaned"/bleached needles
-> Theoretical risk of HIV
-oral sex w barrier
-without barrier
-fingering
-tattoing or piercing w shared equipment
-fighting
NO risk of HIV transmission
- Hugging
-Kissing
-Touching
-Talking
-Ejaculating on unbroken skin
-Urine,feces,
ETC.
facts....
- 25-30 % who have HIV dont know

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- 21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.
- 843 new cases in 2012
- Only one person does the research for this
- Communities disproportionally affected include men having sex with men, people who use drugs, members of the African/Caribbean/Black communities, members of Aboriginal communities
- Virus already knows what it is looking for
- Inverse relationship between CD4 and Viral Load (High CD4...Low Viral Load, Low CD4...High Viral Load
- FOUR PRINCIPLES: 1.) Source (of infection) 2.) Numbers (sufficient quantity of the HIV virus is present) 3.) Transportation (at least one of the 5 bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present) 4.) Contact (needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and HIV-negative party's mucous membrane or bloodstream)
- Exposure to HIV is not an automatic transmission
- STIGMA!!
- Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus (blood, semen, anal fluids, vaginal fluids, breast milk)
- HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth, or breast-feeding, the latter being the most likely route of transmission (Vertical Transmission)
- All people are entitled to accurate and practical information and support. Change is a "process" or journey marked by numerous stages in which everyone faces at their own pace.
- High risk of HIV Transmission include condomless, vaginal or anal sex, sharing injection drug equipment, sharing penetrative toys
- NO risk of HIV : hugging, kissing, touching, talking, ejaculation on unbroken skin, urine, feces, ect.
- Different types of tests: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
- There is no cure for HIV

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Drug addicts are more likely to get HIV
56% of HIV carriers are gay men
cd4 count is amount of white blood cells in your system.
Only one person in all of Canada does the research for HIV/AIDS
There needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.
discrimination against HIV carriers still happens.
old ideas of HIV are still present in today's society

3155 people with HIV as of 2010  In Ottawa
-3,115 people living with HIV as of 2010
-Has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories.

4 principles of HIV transmission.
1.Source. (infection)
2. Numbers. (quantity of the virus)
3.Transportation. (bodily fluid contain HIV must be present)
4. Contact.(Contact between bodily build and HIV-negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream)

# data[].attributes.body
3155 people with HIV as of 2010
Ottawa has the highest rate in the Province
HIV-Virus
AIDS-Syndrome

There needs to be a source from where the virus came from, and there needs to be a quantity of the virus.At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present. There needs to be contact between he bodily fluid and the HIV -negative mucus membrane and blood stream.

Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit a virus.
-Blood
-Semen
-Breast Milk
-Anal fluids
-Vaginal Fluids

High Risk Situations
-Condom less or anal sex
-sharing drug equipment
- unprotected sexual penetrative toys

Low Risk
-Oral sex
-injecting with cleaned needles(not new)
-vaginal or anal sex if a malfunction occurs

Potential but not confirmed
-fighting
-tattooing with shared equipment
-fingering
-receiving oral sex with no barrier

25-30% of people living in North America are unaware that they are HIV positive

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key terms:
mucous membranes
CD4 count
CD4/ T-cells
Viral Load
HIV -human Immune Deficiency syndrome
AIDS- Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome
low virus load have a high CD4 cells and a high virus load has a low CD4 cells
21% of people with HIV are not aware of their status.
75,000 people in Canada leave with HIV
In Ontario, it's estimated that 27,420 people living with HIV/AIDS
In Ottawa, the number is 3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010
communities disproportionately affected
men who have sex with men
people who use drugs
members of the African/ Caribbean
Four principles of HIV transmission
source
number
transportation
contact
No risk of transmission
Hugging
kissing
touching
talking
urine/feces
Testing
approximately, 25-30% of people living with HIV in north American
different types of testing: Standard VS Rapid, Nominal VS Anonymous
barriers from getting tested
stigma
fear
there is no cure to HIV
Barriers to treatment
cost
side affect
adherence

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Difference between HIV/AIDS:
-HIV-Human Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
-AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

In Ottawa
-3,115 people living with HIV as of 2010
-Has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories.

4 principles of HIV transmission.
1.Source. (infection)
2. Numbers. (quantity of the virus)
3.Transportation. (bodily fluid contain HIV must be present)
4. Contact.(Contact between bodily build and HIV-negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream)

Five Fluids:
1. Blood.
2. Semen
3. Anal Fluids
4. Vaginal Fluids.
5. Breast Milk.

High Risk of HIV Transmission:
-COndomless vaginal or anal sex
-Sharing injection drug equipment
sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low Risk of HIV Transmission:
-Oral sex without a barrier.
-Vaginal or anal sex with a condom(due to condom failure or improper use)
-Injecting with clean needles.

Theoretical Risk of HIV transmission:
-Oral sex with a barrier or no barrier.
-Fingering
-Tattoos/piercings with shared equipment.
-Fighting.

approximately 25-30% of people viewing with HIV in North America how are unaware they are HIV positive.

Treatment: No cure.

# data[].attributes.body
Difference between HIV and AIDs

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Who’s affected by HIV?

3,155 people living with HIV as of 2010

Approx 160 people diagnosed in 2010

Ottawa has highest prevalence rates

Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada

Men who have sex with men

People who use drugs

Members of african/ caribbean/ black communities

Members of aboriginal communities

Social determinants of health

Social environment

Physical environment

Economic environment

Four principals of HIV Transmission

Source: there needs to be a source of infection

Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present

Transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present

Contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV- negative partys mucus membrane or blood stream

*Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission!*

How is HIV transmitted?

1. Blood

2. Semen

3. Breast milk

4. Anal fluids

5. Vaginal fluids

What are the chances? Managing risk

Risk is a natural and universal part of all of our lifes

What will affect the likelihood of transmission?

Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission

High risk of HIV transmission

Condomless vaginal or anal sex

Sharing injection drug equipment

Sharing unprotected penetrative toys

Low risk of HIV transmission

Oral sex without a barrier

Vaginal or anal sex with a condom due to failure or improper use

Injecting with clean needles

Theoretical risk of HIV transmission

Performing oral sex with a barrier

Receiving oral sex with no barrier

Fingering

Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment

Fighting

Testing:

Approx 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV positive

Symptoms of HIV seroconversion

Different types of tests: standard vs. rapid, nominal vs. anonymous

Barriers to getting tested

Stigma

TReatment

There is no cure for HIV

History of HIV treatment: AZT and The Cocktail

Barriers to treatment: cost, side effects, adherence

HIV now

HIV and aging-  ages faster than their peers

Treatment as prevention

Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure- has to disclose to sexual partner before intimacy

# data[].attributes.body
Key terms:
-mucous membranes
-CD4/T-Cells
-CD4 count
-Viral Load
HIV targets CD4 cells. The virus targets dark and moist areas. The viral load of the disease is the amount of HIV that an individual carries in their body.
Who's affected by HIV? 75,000 people in Canada living with HIV. With 21% being unaware of their virus. In Ontario alone there is 27, 420 people with HIV.
Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS
-men who have sex with me
-people who use drugs
-members of African/Caribbean/Black Communities
-members of Aboriginal culture
Social Determinants of Health
-Physical Environment
-Social Environment
-Economic Environment
-Lifestyle and Behaviour
Four Principles of HIV Transmission
1) Source: There needs to be a source of infection
2) Numbers: Needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present
3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present
4) Contact: There needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucous membrane or blood stream
*Stigma against people living with AIDS/HIV causes a fear that you can contract HIV like a cold. Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission.
Transmission...
through:
-Blood
-Semen
-Anal fluid
-Vaginal fluid
Vertical Transmission...
-when HIV is passed to a fetus or baby from a HIV+ mother
-with medical intervention this can be prevented, today we have the medical treatment to provide a less than 1% chance of a fetus contracted HIV from the mother.
High risk of transmission
-Condom-less sex
-sharing injection needles
No risk of HIV transmission
-hugging
-kissing
-touching
-talking
-ejaculation on unbroken skin
-urine, feces
Testing
-approximately 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV positive.
-Barriers to getting tested: Stigma, fear, etc.
Living with HIV today:
-treatable
-not curable
-age faster if living with HIV
-criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, by law an individual with a high virus load must inform all sexual partners previous to sexual intercourse of their HIV+ diagnosis.
-Those with low virus load, can not disclose if they wear a condom.

# data[].attributes.body
Key terms:
Mucous membranes(vagina, anus)
CD4/T-Cells(type of white blood cells that play a major role in protecting your body from infection)
CD4 count( a test that measures the amount of CD4 cells you have in your body)
Viral Load(amount of virus/disease you have in your body)
-Who's affected by HIV? 75,500 people are living with HIV in Canada.
-21% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.
-In Ontario, an estimate of 27,420 people are living with HIV/AIDS as of 2009.
-Ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.
-Communities disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS in Canada: men who have sex with men, people who use drugs, members of African/ Caribbean/ black communities, members of aboriginal communities.
Four Principles of HIV Transmissions:
1) Source: there needs to be a source of infection
2)Numbers: there needs to be sufficient quantity of the HIV virus present.
3) Transportation: At least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
4) Contact: Three needs to be contact between that bodily fluid and the HIV-negative party's mucus membrane or blood stream..
-Expose to HIV is not automatic transmission!
-Five fluids that contain a sufficient amount of HIV to transmit the virus are: Blood, Semen/Cum(and pre-cum), Vaginal fluids, Anal fluid, Breast milk.
Vertical Transmission:
-HIV passes to a fetus or baby from an HIV-mother
-If no treatment is taken during pregnancy, there is a 20-30% chance of HIV transmission from the mother to child.
-HIV can be spread in the womb, amniotic fluid, placenta, during birth, or breast-feeding, the latter being the most likely route of transmission.
Managing Risk:
- Risk is a natural and universal part of all our lives, and managing risks is just as natural.
-People are coping witht his fact the best they can, individuals do what they do because at some level it "works" for them.
Likelihood of transmission
-Some factors like how often you do something or for how long will affect chances of transmission
-other physical factors can affect chances of transmission, like presence of other STIs and certain health conditions.
HIGH RISK
-Condomless vaginal or anal sex
-sharing injection drug equipment
-sharing unprotected penetrative toys
-Oral sex without barrier
-Vaginal or oral sex with a condom
-Injecting with clean needles
Theoretical Risk of HIV transmission
-Potential with no confirmed reports of infection
-Performing oral sex with a barrier
-Receiving oral sex with no barrier
-Fingering
-Tattooing or piercing with shared equipment
-Fighting
NO Risk of HIV Transmission
-Hugging
-Kissing
-Touching
-Talking
-Ejaculation on unbroken skin
-Urine, feces
Testing
-Approx. 25-30% of people living with HIV in North America are unaware that they are HIV positive
-Symptoms of HIV seroconversion
-Different types of tests include: Standard vs. Rapid, Nominal vs. Anonymous
-HIV's a reportable illness
Treatment
-No cure for HIV
-History of HIV treatments; AZT and the Cocktail
-Barriers to treatment include cost, side-effects, adherence
HIV Now
-HIV and Aging
-Treatment as Prevention
-Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure
Combating Stigma
-ACO's Sex Positivity Statement
"Saying yes to sex we do want, saying no to sex we don't want, accepting others' choices, respecting everyone's ability to choose.

# data[].attributes.body
HIV and AIDS are incurable. Someone becomes infected with the HIV virus, which later can progress into AIDS. The virus effects Mucous membranes. CD4/T-cells, CD4 count, viral load. There are a large amount of mucous membranes and T-cells around vagina, anus and mouth which is where HIV is contracted
on ottawa,  3155 people living with HIV as of 2010. Approximately 160 people were diagnosed in 2010
ottawa has the highest prevalence rates in the province for exposure categories: IDU and people from HIV-endemic countries.
One person collects all the information in all of Canada gedwnk

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HIV 101                      Emmanuel Duala-Ekoko

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HIV 101                      Emmanuel Duala-Ekoko

# data[].attributes.body
HIV: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus
AIDS:  Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

HIV and Aids are incurable disease.  HIV is a virus and you can live with it while AIDS is the actual disease. when you have a load amount of virus then you get a low amount of CD4 and Low viral load high CD4 count. There is a wide range of communities affected by HIV this includes: Man to man sex, drug influence sex and most of the minority or oppressed  population such as the first nations citizens and black community.
Social determinants of health determine your health outcome in the future.  there are four principle of HIV transmission.which are;
-  source: there need to be a source of infection
-  numbers: there need to be sufficient amount of the virus present.
-  transportation: at least one of the five bodily fluids that contain HIV must be present.
- contact: there needs to be contact between that bodily fluid.
Exposure to HIV is not automatic transmission.
people are generally afraid of persons with HIV and this is  because of stigma. this is sticking to a certain idea long preconceived about HIV.
Medium of transmission include: blood, semen, anal fluid, virginal fluid. pregnant women  with HIV who do not take treatment, there is 20% -30% chance the baby will contract HIV and if she takes her medication there is just a 1% chance. The "window period" is the time before you realize the virus on your body.
A person living with HIV ages faster.
Criminalization of non-disclosure.