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Material used for LCA – Mineral Wool - Rockwool - K Bunting Example

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Material used for LCA – Mineral Wool - Rockwool - K Bunting Example

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Raw Material
According to Eurima (2017) it is an inorganic rock or slag are the main components (typically 98%) of stone wool. The remaining 2% organic content is generally a thermosetting resin binder (an adhesive) and a little oil.

Product Manufacture & Transportation
Mineral wool insulation is made from molten glass, stone or slag (industrial waste) that is spun into a fibre-like structure. Eurima (2017) Light weight and easy to transport but can’t be crushed.

Construction and Fitting Out
Sander (2017) suggests the process of installing mineral wool insulation is not very complex nor time-consuming, so only needs unskilled labour. The biggest drawback of mineral wool is represented by safety consideration, as it can irritate the eyes, skin and the respiratory system.

Operation and Maintenance
As abovethe biggest drawback of mineral wool is represented by safety consideration. So working with it or next to it could be difficult. Possible damp issues when wet and loss of insulation properties. Telegraph (2015)

Renovation and Demolition
After years of use, some mineral wool, as with other construction products, when removing might generate dust. As for the deconstruction or demolition of any building, it is recommended to reduce exposure and discomfort by applying simple measures such as: spray mist water before removing products, clean with vacuumcleaner and not with a broom, cover the skin with long sleeves and wear a face-mask (typically FFP2 type)3. Eurima (2017)

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Hot melt
Raw material - Bituminous Product made with limestone and polymers (plastics)
Environmental impact - Negative impact on environment as it is extracted directly from crude oil
Construction and fitting out - Has to be melted
No waste on site
Operation and maintenance - Polymers in hot melt expand and contract with the building. Very little maintenance and costs nothing to operate.
Renovation and demolition - Costs a lot because the roof will have to be stripped to get to the hot melt material. Fully bonded to the roof so is hard to extract.

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Material - Blocks

How are concrete blocks manufactured
Concrete blocks are made from cast concrete (e.g. Portland cement and aggregate, usually sand and fine gravel, for high-density blocks). Lower density blocksmay use industrial wastes, such as fly ash or bottom ash, as an aggregate. Lightweight blocks can also be produced using autoclaved aerated concrete.

Transportation - Pallets of cured block are transported by forklift to outdoor storage yards. Steam-cured block typically reaches 90% of its final strength within 2 to 4 days. Then large quantities of standard-sized blocks are stored until ready for transport to the jobsite. Blocks are transported by flat-bed truck to the jobsite.

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Group E

Sledge hammer

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The first stage of preparing the timber for commercial use is called ‘felling’ - the process of downing individual trees. In this case, the person cutting the tree is called the ‘feller’ - while the harvesting machine is referred to as a ‘feller buncher’. The logs are then stored in a clearing or in the forest until they are needed at the sawmill. This also allows some of the ‘free’ water content to evaporate, reducing the weight of the tree/log, which will result in lowering the cost of transporting and handling.

The process is long however is shown and proven when timber takes time to manufacture it lasts much longer, which is beneficial for consumers as the price which will be paid will be worth it.

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Group G - Renovation & demolition

What causes timber decay? Dampness. This leads to rot or beetle infestation or a combination of the two and, in structural timbers, this can be disastrous.

How should decay be dealt with? Investigate and understand the cause of the dampness, then rectify the problem. This may simply be a blocked gutter, leaking pipe, or because the timber is in contact with a damp surface. Once the timber has dried out, further rot or insect attack will be limited.
(homebuilding 2015)

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Material - Slate

Raw Material- Made out of slag and mud

Construction process -
90% of Europe's Natural slate is used for roofing

Penetrating sealers

Surface resistance and water stains

Stone colour enhancer

Polish for indoor use o

Ridge Slate- Cover the ridge @ the intersection of two slated slopes

Their ends are solidly filled with cement mortar

Fibre cement slate-typically nailed to avoid cracking the slate

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Raw Material - aluminium
Mining/recycling
Aluminium is mined then refined and smelted.
most abundant metal and 3rd most abundant metal on earths crust, 8.2% of earths crust - found bonded to other elements and has be extracted which is an added cost to production and uses more energy - pollution

Construction
Made in a factory, delivered to site then installed.
Can be constructed with insulated windows to save money and cut energy costs

Operation/defects
Aluminium can oxidise
deteriorates over time due to weathering

Renovation/demolition
Aluminium can be recycled

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Material - Timber

Raw Material -
Wood is a raw materials, but is sustainable, tress can be replanted.

Construction process -
within the construction process the wood has to be transported from where it is chopped down to the place of construction, so undergoes a longdistance producing CO2 emmissions in the process.

Operation and Maintenance -
The timber will require paining or vanishing every few years to protect it from weathering. The paint and varnish contain unsustainable chemicals and are slighting harmful to the environment espically if spilled.

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Timber
Raw Material Acquisition
Engineered wood - Made of two layers, a top layer of lamella (Wood that is visible when flooring is installed.)
All timber floors are made from sawn wood. They do not use composite wood such as HDF.
Timber is available from trees, which is a sustainable source if managed correctly. Bamboo is strong and easily accessible, as well as comparatively cheap.

Product Manufacture/Transportation
When finishing floors, the products used in the process are not environmentally damaging.
Easily transported via land, sea and/or air.
Manufacture can be indoors or outdoors.

Construction and Fitting Out
Traditional timber joist floor
Engineered timber joist floor
Pre-fab timber floor
Does not require specialist installers.
Timber floors deliver high performance and are reliable and durable for a comparatively small economic cost.

Operation and Maintenance
Easy to maintain
If not treated correctly, can be afflicted by infestation and rot.
Flammable if not treated correctly.
Expands due to atmospheric conditions if fitted without due care.
Retains moisture, which can lead to rot if not adequately treated.

Renovation and Demolition
Easy to renovate and replace
Can be recycled upon demolition of a building
Cost efficient
Can be sold to be reused in attics/sheds or can be collected by councils for recycling purposes.

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Material - Linoleum

Product Manufacture & Transportation -
Linoleum, also called Lino, is a floor covering made from materials such as solidified linseed oil, pine rosin, ground cork dust, wood flour, and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, most commonly on a burlap or canvas backing; pigments are often added to the materials.

Construction and Fitting Out -
Must be clean and free of any products that could affect the adhesives. Maintain room temperature - minimum of 18C degrees to 38C degrees for 48 hours, prior, during and 48 hours after completion. When installing directly onto a concrete floor, it needs to be tested for alkalinity.

Operation and Maintenance -
Temperature should never rise above 38C degrees or fall below 13C degrees. This will affect the performance of the flooring.
When your vinyl flooring has suffered major rips, tears, or burns that sealants and adhesives won't fix, you may be required to replace the affected sections of your flooring.

Renovation and Demolition -
One common alternative to removing old linoleum or vinyl floors is to put a new one right over it. If the existing floor is still smooth or can be smoothed with a few patches of FixAll, then the new floor can be laid directly on top of the old. Removing old linoleum or vinyl is generally quite difficult because wood, a common subfloor, is porous, thus absorbing the adhesives. One reason why the old glues must be thoroughly removed is because some older adhesives had oils in them that chemically react with new vinyl to cause a yellow discoloration.

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Raw Materials -
Primarily Clay & Shale.

Product manufacture and transportation -
these are then put in to a furnace and heated to 2000 degrees where by a chemical process (vitrification) they fuse together to form a brick

Transportation of the product from quarry to manufacturer, then to warehouse and from warehouse to site.

Construction and fitting out-

The embodied carbon for brick is 0.244 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of bricks (quarry to site). (brick.org)
excess water from cement goes in to water system,

Operations and maintenance -
they are relatively low maintenance, protect against water damage which can occur from rising damp or splash back from guttering. Repointing as water gets between the mortar. Chemicals needed to remove any painted bricks.

Renovation and demolition-
Demolition can cause a build up of dust, cleaning of bricks to re-use is time consuming.

Defects -
Water ingress creates defects in bricks water freezing inside bricks ect.

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External Walls – Group A & E

Floors – Group B & F

Windows – Group C & G

Roof – Group D & H