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After the Mexican war, the Wilmot Proviso was designed to eliminate slavery from the land won. Northerners didn't want another slave territory and felt the cabinet and national agenda was dominated by southern ideas. Though Wilmot's Proviso never became a law, it widened the sectional state rift. It inspired many, such as John C. Calhoun, to eliminate slavery and introduce more free states as the nation grew.

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William Lloyd Garrison published The Liberator in 1831 to serve as a voice for the abolitionist movement. He published The Liberator to show society how immoral slavery was to join his campaign. 34 years after its publishing, the thirteenth amendment, banning slavery, went into effect. His messages challenged people to apply the principles of the Declaration of Independence and introduced the idea of immediate emancipation for slaves.

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When Kansas and Nebraskan territories were opened under popular sovereignty, Kansas established a proslavery government (Missourians), and an antislavery  government. In 1856, the proslavery group looted Lawrence, a free state stronghold. Over four months of violence and fighting, and several years of peace with outbreaks, 56 people died. Kansas became a free state which promoted the idea of antislavery provided blacks opportunities.

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At the time, the US was evenly divided between slave and free states, though admitting Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance and create rivalries. The Missouri Compromise decided that Missouri would be a slave state, if Maine was free, and slavery would be excluded from the Louisiana Purchase lands. Northerners objected the expansion of slavery, and also feared they would become outnumbered in Congress, losing the power the protect their own interests. The Compromise held for over thirty years, but was later replaced by popular sovereignty and eventually declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

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Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Maryland, but escaped in 1849, leaving behind her family. She used to underground railroad to free hundreds of other slaves in the south, returning over 19 times. She served as a nurse during the civil war, and as a spy as she moved through Floridaand the carolinas through rebel territory, collecting information to help organize southern raids. After the war, she turned her home into a Home for Indigent and Aged Negroes.

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Douglass was born a slave but escaped at age 20. He wrote The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. He labored as a propagandist of the union during the civil war and a recruiter of black troops.
His speeches imposed a strong argument against slavery and provided a voice of hope for his people by preaching american ideals and antislavery  politics.