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Child marriage is a difficult issue to handle in Tanzania. Previously, there had been no law or restriction on marriage for marriage of children. Although, the government instituted a law against child marriage, the customs and traditions are not setting well with the new law. Citizens believe that the change needs to happen within the cultural idea of "male domination". Laws will help change this problem, but won't change cultural tradition in Tanzania.

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An activist whose petition earlier this year triggered a Tanzanian high court ruling against child marriage said social transformation was needed to end the longstanding custom many families use as a "survival system."

"Changing the law is not the ultimate end to child marriage," said Rebeca Gyumi, founder of the Msichana Initiative, a Tanzanian charity promoting girls' rights. "Changing mindsets and trying to trigger the shift of customs and traditions is the next thing we are planning to do," she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation in London.

The High Court of Tanzania ruled in July that two sections of the 1971 Marriage Act, which allow girls to marry at 15 with parental consent and at 14 with the permission of a court, were unconstitutional.

The landmark ruling, effectively raising the legal age of marriage for girls to 18, was made in response to a petition by Gyumi who argued that the act violated girls' rights to equality, dignity and access to education, as granted by the constitution.
Attitudes must change
The real challenge is to shift attitudes in communities where parents marry off their daughters so their sons can to go to school or to ease the economic burden on their families, Gyumi said.

"The issue is deep-rooted in a male-dominated, patriarchal system where a girl child is not really treated as an equal person," she said in an interview.

She described child marriage as "a sort of a survival system" in a society where poverty is entrenched. "Sometimes parents see marrying their kids as the only solution to the issues they have," she added.

Tanzania has one of the highest rates of child marriage globally, with nearly 2 in 5 girls getting married before their 18th birthday, according to campaign group Girls Not Brides. It says the practice is particularly prevalent in rural areas where girls as young as 11 are married.

Child marriage deprives girls of education and opportunities, and puts them at risk of serious injury or death if they have children before their bodies are ready. They are also more vulnerable to domestic and sexual violence.

Gyumi said if Tanzania capitalized on the momentum of the ruling, in 20 to 30 years it should be possible to reduce the number of girls being married off early.
Men must be involved
"We have to change the story from Tanzania being among the countries with the highest percentage of child marriages to being the country that really tries to solve the issue by changing the law and educating the community," she said.

Gyumi said men's involvement was essential for the campaign against child marriage to be successful.

"Sometimes it's not just about what you're saying but who is saying it. Women alone can't win this war." Each year more than 15 million girls worldwide are married before they turn 18, Girls Not Brides says.

In June, the U.N. Human Rights Council adopted a resolution calling for an end to child, early and forced marriage, and recognizing child marriage as a violation of human rights.

Ending child marriage by 2030 is one of the targets contained in the new Sustainable Development Goals adopted by world leaders at a U.N. summit last year.

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голос америки

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Activist: Law Not Enough to End Child Marriage in Tanzania

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An activist whose petition earlier this year triggered a Tanzanian high court ruling against child marriage said social transformation was needed to end the longstanding custom many families use as a "survival system." "Changing the law is not the ultimate end to child marriage," said Rebeca Gyumi, founder of the Msichana Initiative, a Tanzanian charity promoting girls' rights.

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41 days after the collapse of a mine, five out of the six men were freed. Since October 4, the men lived off of frogs, cockroaches, tree bark, and muddy water that was in the cave. This has not been the first accident of this kind, since mining is a common job for the lower class. However, this most recent accident has been brought to attention to push for better labor conditions since it was a miracle that the men survived.

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Five miners have been rescued in Tanzania after surviving for up to 41 days underground by eating cockroaches and frogs and drinking drips of muddy groundwater.

A total of 20 miners are thought to have been trapped on October 5 after their shaft filled with sand as they dug for gold in an abandoned mine in the northwestern Shinyanga region, some 500 miles west of Dar es Salaam.

Fourteen escaped but six others remained trapped. Yesterday, five of them were brought out dehydrated and thin but alive in what mining officials described as a "miracle". One other man was discovered dead.

Small-scale digging for gold in disused mines in remote areas of Tanzania is a common but dangerous occupation for impoverished bounty-hunters, who lack the tools to properly secure mine shafts. In April, 19 people were killed in the same area after a mine shaft collapsed.

The miners were discovered after others working nearby heard their cries and alerted the authorities, who had called off a previous operation to free them when the shaft first collapsed.

If they are confirmed as the same people who were trapped in October, they will join an illustrious few who have survived for more than a month underground.

In Chile, 33 miners were rescued after 69 days underground but they lived for the first 19 days on cans of tuna, milk and biscuits stored in their underground shelter and latterly from food sent down to them by rescuers on the surface.

Badra Masoud, a spokesman for Tanzania's Minister of Energy and Mines, said the "very weak" men were brought to the surface on Sunday and taken to hospital where they remain in serious condition. She confirmed that one man had died and said it was a "miracle" the others had survived.

Speaking to local media from their hospital beds, one described how they kept going despite the hunger and constant darkness.

Chacha Wambura told state-owned television they had been six in total. "We survived by eating cockroaches, frogs and other insects as well as drinking dirty water that seeped in from above," he said.

"Batteries of the torches and flashlights ran out and we ended up in a cave that we earlier used as a store for our tools," he added.

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Tanzania hails 'miracle' of miners rescued after 41 days underground

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Five miners have been rescued in Tanzania after surviving for up to 41 days underground by eating cockroaches and frogs and drinking drips of muddy groundwater. A total of 20 miners are thought to have been trapped on October 5 after their shaft filled with sand as they dug for gold in an abandoned mine in the northwestern Shinyanga region, some 500 miles west of Dar es Salaam.

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Trained dogs are being used in Tanzania to discover poached ivory tusks. The project, run by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), has been successful in discovering tusks quickly, and has also dropped the rates of poaching. As the program grows, the dogs have moved onto hunting not only the tusks, but also the poachers. Considering Tanzania has the largest population of elephants in the world, the program will continue to grow in the future

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A newly deployed team of specially trained dogs have helped authorities in Tanzania seize a haul of elephant tusks, with conservationists hoping the canine allies can help significantly slow rampant poaching in the country.

The dogs - Jenny, a Belgian Malinois, and Dexter, an English springer spaniel - discovered the four tusks at a property following a tipoff. A man was taken into custody over the ivory haul, which was initially missed by wildlife officials but found "within a minute" by Jenny's keen nose.

The bust follows an 18-month training program that involved dogs being selected by Wagtail UK, a dog training school based in Wales, and flown to Tanzania's largest national park, Ruaha. The dogs and their handlers have been trained to detect ivory and guns stowed away by poachers who have ravaged Tanzania's elephant population in recent years.

The project, run by the US-based Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and Tanzanian National Parks, hasn't been without its challenges, with one of the first dogs brought over having died after being bitten by a tsetse fly.

But Dr Tim Davenport, WCS country director in Tanzania, said more dogs could be put into the field, as well as at airports and ports, to help curb poaching.

"It's proving successful and we are considering bringing over a few more," he said. "The challenge is to keep the dogs healthy and trained, but they can certainly help, it's another tool we can use.

The four ivory tusks seized by Tanzania authorities. Photograph: Tanzania National Parks Authority

"Tanzanian National Parks are very much into the project, it's going well. It's only a matter of time before we start to directly track poachers as well as find ivory through dogs."

Tanzania has one of Africa's largest elephant populations and has become a target for poachers looking to supply the lucrative market for ivory in Asia. A census conducted last year found that the country lost a "catastrophic" 60% of its elephants in just five years, leaving Tanzania with around 43,000 pachyderms.

The country has also proved dangerous to humans battling the ivory trade. Roger Gower, a British helicopter pilot, was fatally shot by poachers in January as he was helping authorities track criminals.

Despite a global ban on the international trade of ivory, the black market in tusks for trinkets and medicines has led to fears that elephants could be wiped out in the wild. But Davenport said he hoped the poaching in Tanzania had "bottomed out" due to law enforcement measures and efforts to stem demand in China.
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Dogs in Tanzania sniff out illegal ivory tusks in new anti-poaching effort

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A newly deployed team of specially trained dogs have helped authorities in Tanzania seize a haul of elephant tusks, with conservationists hoping the canine allies can help significantly slow rampant poaching in the country. The dogs - Jenny, a Belgian Malinois, and Dexter, an English springer spaniel - discovered the four tusks at a property following a tipoff.

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A small island 20 miles off the shore of Tanzania called Mafia Island isn't much bigger than New York City. It has a small civilization of 40,000 and only a few thousands tourists a year, and is commonly overlooked as just an old trading stop. It is a beautiful island with minimal resources, and whose residents are often looking for nothing more than enjoying the outdoors without need for luxury.

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During a recent visit with my girlfriend, our first stop was the standard tourist pilgrimage to Zanzibar. While I had no complaints about the white sand beaches, ample hammocks and tropical cocktails, I was turned off by the overdeveloped oceanfront and omnipresent beachside hawkers. I craved a more far-flung beach break before returning home, and every time I opened my guidebook my eyes kept floating back to the smaller island south of Zanzibar, about which I knew little.

Three weeks later, after returning to Dar es Salaam, we left for Mafia, where we spent Christmas weekend at Mafia Island Lodge, inside the marine park. The sandy, semicircular strip of beachfront was the perfect antidote to busy Zanzibar. No more than a handful of tourists lounged on the swinging wooden beach beds, and when a group of four of us sailed out on a small dhow to snorkel among schools of zebra fish and bright red corals, we had a prime slice of tropical reef completely to ourselves. Those reefs are in part preserved by a $20 per-person, per-night fee, paid by tourists at the park entrance (U.S. dollars are accepted all over the island). A scattering of budget guesthouses have recently popped up just beyond the park's boundaries for those wishing to avoid the fee - including an outsize number of genuinely environmentally friendly options.

"Most people who make the effort to come to Mafia are of a particular mindset," said Michelle Vickers, who was raised in Tanzania and lived in Britain before returning four years ago with her husband, John, to open Ras Mbisi Lodge, an eco-conscious resort on the west side of the island. "They aren't looking for incredibly high-end luxury. They just want a place to chill out, relax, and not feel that because they've chosen to stay somewhere sustainable that it has to be hard work."

After two days of snorkeling and swimming inside the marine park, I headed off on my own to Ras Mbisi Lodge. Hailing one of a handful of the 4x4 taxis that ply the island's dirt roads, I reached the thatched-roof compound after a bumpy, 40-minute drive.

There, luxury beachside bandas, or cabins, are built from sustainable, indigenous coconut wood, lighted with biogas-powered electricity and stocked with solar-heated water. The resort blends seamlessly into the coconut groves, with nary another unnatural object visible along the five-mile expanse of beach that fronts the property. On an early evening walk, I shared the entire stretch with just a few others: a fisherman tending to his dugout canoe; two women hunched over in the low tide, digging for clams; and dozens of sand crabs that skittered out of their holes and into the sea.

Though the lodge arranges excursions, including trips out to swim with whale sharks, I chose to spend my time reading alone on the beach with nothing in sight but coconut trees and an endless expanse of aquamarine water. I was happy to be disturbed only when summoned for meals centered around the catch of the day - turmeric-scented, beer-battered squid one evening; hot green chiles atop fresh filets of a local snapper known as chugu the next.

Not everything went smoothly, though nothing was complaint-worthy. A generator that provided electricity failed at one point, but I was able to read via the hand-cranked, battery-free flashlight provided to each room. The solar-powered water supply worked great the first morning, but I made do with a cold shower on the second.

Ras Mbisi isn't alone among eco-lodges; others take the small-footprint efforts even farther. Manzie Omar Mangochie, the district commissioner of Mafia, said there is a conscious effort by the government to develop the tourism industry without overwhelming the island and its residents.

"We want more development and we want more tourism here, but we don't want it to turn into another Zanzibar," he said. "The essence of Mafia isn't tourism. It is about conservation and minimizing human impact."

This emphasis on maintaining limits isn't just talk. There are no big international hotel chains on the island, and most of the lodges have committed to hiring only locals. In 2010, a huge trance music festival that had previously taken place in Greece began to set up an offshoot event here, but island officials quashed the project and tickets had to be refunded.

The big question, of course, is whether Mafia can maintain its laid-back milieu and dedication to conservation if its popularity continues to grow. A tarmac runway that would allow larger planes to land is in the works, as is a jetty that could welcome additional ferry travelers from the mainland.

"Of course there will be more hotels," Mr. Mangochie said. "More flights means we will need more rooms. But our goal here is to find a balance between welcoming visitors and protecting what we already have."
IF YOU GO
Coastal Aviation ( coastal.cc) and Tropical Air ( tropicalair.co.tz) run daily, 30-minute flights between Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Mafia (from $145).

Note that many hotels will quote prices per person, including meals, as there are few restaurants on the island. Most lodges close during the rainy season, April and May. U.S. dollars are accepted.

Ras Mbisi (255-754-663-739; mafiaislandtz.com) has "luxury bandas" - open-air coconut-wood cabins with queen beds and hot showers. Full board for two, from $330.

Lua Cheia Beach Camp (255-777-424-588; luacheiabeach.com) has high-end tent camping along a private beach on the extremely secluded north end of the island. Full board for two, from $250.

Mafia Island Lodge (255-786-303-049; mafialodge.com) is ideally situated for diving and snorkeling in the rich reefs along Chole Bay. Full board for two, from $220.

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During a recent visit with my girlfriend, our first stop was the standard tourist pilgrimage to Zanzibar. While I had no complaints about the white sand beaches, ample hammocks and tropical cocktails, I was turned off by the overdeveloped oceanfront and omnipresent beachside hawkers.

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Rats being used to find tuberculosis (TB)

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Rats being used to find tuberculosis (TB)

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Rats are being trained to detect TB in communities in Tanzania to help prevent the spread of the disease. The rats undergo a rigorous process, but once done, they have almost 100% accuracy at finding the disease. For Tanzania, releasing the trained rats into communities, especially in jails where TB is confined, has benefited the economy by being much more cost -effective and being more efficient than diagnostic testing. The country hopes to continue seeing the accuracy rates as they expand to larger-scale communities.

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Scientists in east Africa plan to exploit rats' highly developed sense of smell to carry out mass screening for tuberculosis among inmates of crowded prisons in Tanzania and Mozambique.

African giant pouched rats trained by the Belgian non-governmental organisation APOPO are widely known for their work sniffing out landmines, and are now developing a reputation in east Africa for their skill and speed at detecting TB too.

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death, after HIV, from an infectious disease. Around the world, there are about 9 million new cases a year and around 2 million deaths, according to the World Health Organisation.

In Tanzania, people in communities where TB is most common, including prisons, often fail to show up for screening because of lack of money or awareness, creating a huge burden for health authorities trying to tackle the disease, health officials said.

Because existing systems lack the accuracy, speed and cost-efficiency required to scale up screening of the highly contagious disease, many TB cases go undiagnosed, they said.

APOPO, with funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID,) plans to recruit and train more rats to carry out prison screening that it expects to be faster and more reliable than existing methods.

Charlie Richter, APOPO's US director, said: "We believe our unique TB Detection Rat technology will prove itself as an effective mass-screening tool."

"We then aim to expand the programme to all prisons, shantytowns, factories and other settings in Tanzania, Mozambique and other high TB-burden countries, as well as in high-risk groups such as those individuals living with HIV/AIDS. This will improve and save lives all over the globe at a low cost," Richter said.

Though data from African jails is hard to come by, studies from Tanzania, Malawi and Ivory Coast show that TB rates are 10 times higher in prisons than in the general population, according to the US Centre for Infectious Diseases Control.

The rats undergo a rigorous training process that begins when they are four weeks old. As soon as the rats open their eyes, they are introduced to various stimuli and learn how to socialiSe and interact with people.

The rats learn to recognise the presence of TB in samples of sputum, mucus that is coughed up from the patient's lower airways, and rewarded when they succeed.

The testing process starts when a rat is presented with a row of 10 sputum samples, and when it detects TB the rat hovers over the sample for 3 seconds, Richter said.

The rats' accuracy at detecting TB is almost 100%, but they cannot distinguish between normal and drug-resistant strains, APOPO scientists say.

The APOPO system is fast, cheap and has the potential to greatly lower screening costs in poor countries, Richter said.

While a laboratory technician may take four days to detect tuberculosis, a trained rat can screen 100 samples in 20 minutes, and a rat screening can cost as little as 20 US cents when APOPO operations are running near capacity, he said.

APOPO's current programmes have screened more than 340,000 TB samples, halting over 36,000 further infections, and increased detection rates by over 40% in several partnered clinics, officials said.
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Giant rats used to diagnose prisoners with tuberculosis in jails

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Scientists in east Africa plan to exploit rats' highly developed sense of smell to carry out mass screening for tuberculosis among inmates of crowded prisons in Tanzania and Mozambique. African giant pouched rats trained by the Belgian non-governmental organisation APOPO are widely known for their work sniffing out landmines, and are now developing a reputation in east Africa for their skill and speed at detecting TB too.

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The love for music in Tanzania is outstanding. Eating dinner at a concert or any other gatherings are frequent, and there is, at minimum, one concert or music event to go every night! Their music is typically derived from traditional Swahili sung-poetry style with electronic and Arab-influenced rhythm. Block parties, beach parties, concerts, church gatherings or at hotels, the people of Tanzania find a place to play music and enjoy a great part of their culture.

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The scene bleeds into the streets as well. Wander behind a downtown high-rise and you may find locals feasting on roasted goat in a nondescript courtyard that will turn into a bustling music scene later that night. Follow the tinny strains of taarab on a transistor radio to discover members of the city's South Asian community playing cards and eating Indian street snacks like pani puri on tables set up on the sidewalk.

Leo Mkanyia, a 32-year-old Dar musician, attributes this diversity to the country itself. "We have 125 tribes, and all of them have different tunes, different melodies, different music and even different traditional musical instruments," he said.

I met Leo at Kibo Bar at the Serena Hotel, where he was performing for guests as the leader of a five-piece band. He shares the stage with his father, Henry, who performed for 15 years in the city's legendary Mlimani Park Orchestra, but now plays guitar alongside his son in a group that mixes Tanzanian drumming with blues melodies and dansi, an indigenous dance music. Leo calls this style "Swahili Blues."

He told me about a recent visit to Nairobi, where he met Kenyan musicians. "They were all praising Dar, like 'I wish I could be in Dar,' " he said, adding that such envy is a source of pride in this Tanzanian city. "People here are proud of their music. They love their music, and support it."

On a recent Sunday, Leo and I watched a group called Super Maya Baikoko perform a combination of traditional ngoma drumming and risqué dancing that originated in the Digo villages of the country's northeast coast, now a favored genre in Dar. The venue, Max Hall & Bar, was in an open courtyard where the only decorations were a large six-point star hung behind the eight-person band, and posters for Safari Lager taped up on electric blue walls.

The lineup consisted of two percussionists beating makeshift drums made out of plastic drainage pipes, a duo wielding shakers made from tin cans, a male singer and three barefoot female dancers. The drumming began slowly, with the dancers languidly moving their hips, and the singer repeating a phrase in Swahili that Leo translated as "dance mama dance."

Soon, the drumming and rattling grew more feverish, and the dancers began gyrating; one slid to the floor and began undulating her entire body. In a distinctively raspy voice, the singer had segued from "dance mama dance" to a riff on police corruption to a "story about a woman who had an abortion and whose husband threw her away," Leo explained.

"You need to be very good to sing like that, with nothing giving you a melody," he added, admiringly. "No keyboard, nothing. You have to grow up with this music."

Local beats didn't always dominate in Dar as they do now. In colonial times, interest in Tanzanian musicians among the country's British rulers was generally limited to finding a few competent at playing fox trots for ballroom dances. The feeling was mutual; performances of traditional drumming and dancing encouraged resistance against the colonizers.

In 1961, when Tanganyika, now the Tanzanian mainland, gained independence, a revival of indigenous cultural practices was high on the agenda of the government of Julius Nyerere, the country's first president. The government sent engineers to Tanzanian villages to find ngoma groups to record for broadcast, and later took control of the sole radio station. Music venues, some of which were nationalized, began hiring house bands to play several times a week. The government also encouraged public institutions to have what were known as "entertainment units."

Kilimanjaro Band has been performing dansi, the genre that combines traditional drumming and a relaxed backbeat, with Congolese-inspired guitar and horn sections, for 40 years. John Kitime, a guitarist for the group, remembers this time well. "There were a number of police bands, a number of army bands, Immigration had a band," he said. "These bands were just playing ordinary popular music."

With government agencies paying salaries, pensions, health care and transportation for many groups - in essence, removing almost everything about being a musician that isn't fun - the cultural flowering in Tanzania was immense. But while government sponsorship certainly encouraged the local music scene, there were many independent music groups active during that era, too.

"Some of the classic bands from the '70s are still playing around Dar," said David Tinning, of the Tanzanian Heritage Project, a project to digitize rare music recordings. "They have these huge events. They are titans, giants in their scene."

Mlimani Park Orchestra, the dansi group that Leo's father performed in, is particularly beloved; people here compare them in terms of popularity with the Beatles and in longevity with the Rolling Stones. Although some members are now in their 60s, the group continues to play packed shows several times a week.

"Their music, everybody knows it, and loves it. They've been great forever," Leo said. "You can see that people feel the music, and understand the music and the way of dancing."

We saw the band on a Friday night at Breakpoint, a buzzing downtown club. After a warm-up performance by a pair of Michael Jackson impersonators, Mlimani Park Orchestra took to the stage, amid cheers, to present the same act it had been perfecting since 1978.

The group, whose members wore matching orange collared shirts, fused mellifluous singing and shifting harmonies with a polished brass section. The enthusiastic audience alternated between crowding the laser-lit dance floor during the faster, percussive songs and eating grilled beef skewers and drinking beer at their tables during the slower, lyrical songs.

I left Leo at Breakpoint after midnight, the band still going strong. I asked the driver of the beat-up taxi whisking me back to my guesthouse if he was a fan of Mlimani Park Orchestra. "It'd be strange if I said no," he answered. The warm breeze from the Indian Ocean blew through an open window as we sped along the coastal road, past Maasai men in their red-checked shukas, and stylish women in heels heading home from the clubs. He smiled. "It's just the melody," he said.

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The scene bleeds into the streets as well. Wander behind a downtown high-rise and you may find locals feasting on roasted goat in a nondescript courtyard that will turn into a bustling music scene later that night.

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The Congo has cut the Visa fee cost in half, from 100 USD to 50 USD . The DR  met with Tanzania's Transit Transport Facilitation Agency (TTFA) and decided that since immigration between the two countries is so high, it would be more profitable if the prices were lower so there would be less illegal immigrants.

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[DR Congo] Government reduces visa fee for Tanzanians and Ugandans

The government of the Democratic Republic of Congo has announced the reduction of Visa fee for Tanzanians and Ugandans by half from 100/-US dollar to 50/- US dollar with effect from November 1, 2016.

The decision has come a month after the DRC Ambassador to Tanzania, Mr Jean- Pierre Mutamba and the Central Corridor Transit Transport Facilitation Agency (TTFA) Executive Secretary Capt Dieudonné Dukundane as well as Chief Operating Officer Mr Sayiba Tambwe Patient met with DRC high level officials in Kinshasa to discuss the matter.

According to the statement released by DRC's Director General of Immigration Mr François Beya Kasonga the move is part of Visa harmonisation process for Central Corridor Member Countries, in which Burundi, DRC, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda are involved.

Already Burundi, DRC and Rwanda enjoy Visa free movement among themselves under the Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) arrangement.

Harmonisation of Visa was also one of the agreed issues during the 7th Ordinary Meeting of the Inter-State Council of Ministers of the TTFA held in Dar es Salaam on August 11, 2016.

Commenting on the new development Capt. Dukundane hailed DRC Officials for this move that will reduce struggles and facilitate trade within Central Corridor member countries. He also commended the useful guidance provided by the DRC Ambassador to Tanzania, Mr Mutamba towards the achievements made so far throughout this process.
www.dgm.cd

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[DR Congo] Government reduces visa fee for Tanzanians and Ugandans

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DR Congo] Government reduces visa fee for Tanzanians and Ugandans The government of the Democratic Republic of Congo has announced the reduction of Visa fee for Tanzanians and Ugandans by half from 100/-US dollar to 50/- US dollar with effect from November 1, 2016.

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Shell and it's oil partnerships have begun drilling off the coast of Tanzania. The $80 million project started recently and has high hopes of benefiting.

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THE HAGUE, Netherlands -- Shell and its joint venture (JV) partners, Pavilion Energy and Ophir Energy, have started their drilling program offshore Tanzania.

The $80-million campaign, which consists of one well in Block 1 and another in Block 4, will take place in the Mafia Deep basin. The drillship supporting the program-the Noble Globetrotter 2 -will be operating in water depths of up to 2,300 m.

According to Shell, the two wells will meet the remaining exploration requirements as per the licenses issued by Tanzania's Ministry of Energy and Minerals.

The development of Blocks 1 and 4 is part of the Tanzania LNG project. Shell and its Block 1 and 4 partners are working with Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) and other Block 2 partners on future development of the project.

"In the current investment climate, there is a critical need to have strong project fundamentals, including government support and cooperation," Shell said.

Shell became the operator of the two blocks in February, after its combination with BG Group.

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Shell kicks off drilling program offshore Tanzania

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THE HAGUE, Netherlands -- Shell and its joint venture (JV) partners, Pavilion Energy and Ophir Energy, have started their drilling program offshore Tanzania.

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Many zebras roam the safaris, along with families of elephants, hippos, lions and more. The sunsets and sunrises are amazing because of the vast flat land that lies ahead of and behind you. The tall grass is a main source of hiding for the land animals, but in there are some swampy land animals as well. A lot of crocodiles wait in between rocks next to the water where they wait for any birds of rodents. You will see carcasses along these rocks of the water.  These safaris are beautiful areas, that have their dangers as well.

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KOGATENDE, Tanzania - The website described a hot-air balloon flight over the Serengeti, and I saw zebras racing along below and a small family of elephants, so close that if the bull had stretched up his trunk, he could have touched the passenger basket.

But I must have imagined the whole thing because a few weeks later, home from the trip, I tried to find the video - and it just wasn't there.

What I did have now were memories, even more vivid: A hippo, mostly submerged in the dark waters of the Serengeti's Mara River, taking offense as the balloon's large basket came lower and lower, finally settling what seemed to be just a few feet off the surface. She raised most of her large gray head, quickly opened her jaws wide and then, as if thinking better of the effort, sank back beneath the water.

It was only a minute or so, but it made up for the 3 a.m. wakeup call, the chilly flashlit walk across camp and the almost two-hour ride over the washed-out crossings and scarred surfaces that pass for roads in the Serengeti. (All right, seeing two lionesses suddenly appear alongside the Toyota Land Cruiser had helped a bit, too.)

We arrived around 6 at the launch site, where a handful of guys in orange jumpsuits or worn work clothes were pointing a high-powered fan into one of the two balloons going up that day. The nylon blob, what enthusiasts call the envelope, was stretched across the dry grass, shifting and billowing as it filled with air.

Once we were aloft, the sun was a streak of pink on the horizon. But within 20 minutes, it became too bright to see clearly, so I turned to focus on the river and the vast vista of the Serengeti, its straw-colored grasses already tinted with a light green after two days of sunset rain.

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From a Balloon, a Different View of the Serengeti

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KOGATENDE, Tanzania - The website described a hot-air balloon flight over the Serengeti, and I saw zebras racing along below and a small family of elephants, so close that if the bull had stretched up his trunk, he could have touched the passenger basket.