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Martha E. Rogers. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.aahn.org/rogers

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Petiprin, A. (n.d.). Rogers' Theory of Unitary Human Beings. Retrieved from https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/roger-theory-of-unitary-human-beings.php

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Martha Rodgers was born in 1914 in Dallas Texas. Eventually her and her family moved to Knoxville Tennessee where he attended college at the University of Tennessee and began taking undergraduate science courses for two years. In 1936, she received her nursing diploma after completing nursing school at Knoxville General Hospital. She completed her Bachelor of Nursing in Public Health from George Peabody College in 1937.
At first she began working as a public health nurse. In 1945, she earned her masters degree in public health nursing supervision from Teacher's College Columbia University.
She first published her model of human interaction and the nursing process in 1970 when she published An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing. This view presented a drastic but attractive way of viewing human interaction and the nursing process.  (https://www.aahn.org/rogers)

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Science of unitary Human Beings Nursing Theory

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Science of unitary Human Beings Nursing Theory

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Below is Part One of Martha Rodgers explaining her theory.

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Theorist - Martha E Rogers

Born :May 12, 1914, Dallas, Texas, USA

Diploma : Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing(1936)

Graduation in Public Health Nursing : George Peabody College, TN, 1937

MA :Teachers college, Columbia university, New York, 1945

MPH :Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 1952

Doctorate in nursing :Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1954

Fellowship: American academy of nursing

Position: Professor Emerita, Division of Nursing, New York University, Consultant, Speaker

Died : March 13 , 1994

Publications of Martha Rogers

Theoretical basis of nursing (Rogers 1970)

Nursing science and art :a prospective (Rogers 1988)

Nursing :science of unitary, irreducible, human beings update (Rogers 1990)

Vision of space based nursing (Rogers 1990)

Overview of Rogerian model

Rogers conceptual system provides a body of knowledge in nursing.

Rogers model provides the way of viewing the unitary human being.

Humans are viewed as integral with the universe.

The unitary human being and the environment are one, not dichotomous

Nursing focus on people and the manifestations that emerge from the mutual human /environmental field process

Change of pattern and organization of the human field and the environmental field is propagated by waves

The manifestations of the field patterning that emerge are observable events

The identification of the pattern provide knowledge and understanding of human experience

Basic characteristics which describes the life process of human: energy field, openness, pattern, and pan dimensionality

Basic concepts include unitary human being, environment, and homeodynamic principles

Concepts of Rogers model

Energy field

The energy field is the fundamental unit of both the living and nonliving

This energy field "provide a way to perceive people and environment as irreducible wholes"

The energy fields continuously varies in intensity, density, and extent.

Openness

The human field and the environmental field are constantly exchanging their energy

There are no boundaries or barrier that inhibit energy flow between fields

Pattern

Pattern is defined as the distinguishing characteristic of an energy field perceived as a single waves

"pattern is an abstraction and it gives identity to the field"

Pan dimensionality

Pan dimensionality is defined as "non linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes"

The parameters that human use in language to describe events are arbitrary.

The present is relative, there is no temporal ordering of lives.

Homeodynamic principles

The principles of homeodynamic postulates the way of perceiving unitary human beings

The fundamental unit of the living system is an energy field

Three principle of homeodynamics

Resonance

Helicy

Integrality

Nursing Paradigms

Unitary Human Being (person)

A unitary human being is an "irreducible, indivisible, pan dimensional (four-dimensional) energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics that are specific to the whole and which cannot be predicted from knowledge of the parts" and "a unified whole having its own distinctive characteristics which cannot be perceived by looking at, describing, or summarizing the parts"

Environment

The environment is an "irreducible, pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and integral with the human field"

The field coexist and are integral.

Manifestation emerge from this field and are perceived.

Health

"an expression of the life process; they are the "characteristics and behavior emerging out of the mutual, simultaneous interaction of the human and environmental fields"

Health and illness are the part of the sane continuum.

The multiple events taking place along life's axis denote the extent to which man is achieving his maximum health potential and very in their expressions from greatest health to those conditions which are incompatible with the maintaining life process

Nursing

Two dimensions Independent science of nursing

1. An organized body of knowledge which is specific to nursing is arrived at by scientific research and logical analysis

2. Art of nursing practice:

The creative use of science for the betterment of the human

The creative use of its knowledge is the art of its practice

Nursing exists to serve people.

It is the direct and overriding responsibility to the society

The safe practice of nursing depends on the nature and amount of scientific nursing knowledge the individual brings to practice.......the imaginative, intellectual judgment with which such knowledge is made in service to the man kind.

Rogerian theories-Grand theories

The theory of paranormal phenomena

The theory of rhythmicities

The theory of accelerating evolution

Theory of paranormal phenomena

This theory explains precognition, déjàvu, clairvoyance, telepathy, and therapeutic touch

Clairvoyance is rational in a four dimensional human field in continuous mutual, simultaneous interaction with a four dimensional world; there is no linear time nor any separation of human and the environmental fields

The theory of accelerating evolution

Theory postulates that evolutionary change is speeding up and that the range of diversity of life process is widening.

Higher wave frequencies are associated with accelerating human development

Theory of Rhythmicity

Focus on the human field rhythms (these rhythms are different from the biological, psychological rhythm)

Theory deals with the manifestations of the whole unitary man as changes in human sleep wake patterns, indices of human field motion, perception of time passing, and other rhythmic development

Theories derived from the science of unitary human beings

The perspective rhythm model (Patrick 1983)

Theory of health as expanding consciousness (Neuman, 1986)

Theory of creativity, actualization and empathy (Alligood 1991)

Theory of self transcendence (Reed1997)

Power as knowing participation in change (Barrett 1998)

References

1. George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton & Lange.

2. Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams& wilkins.

3. Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development & Progress 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott.

4. Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art & Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott.

5. Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992) Fundamentals Of Nursing -Concepts Process & Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book.

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Theorist - Martha E Rogers Born :May 12, 1914, Dallas, Texas, USA Diploma : Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing(1936) Graduation in Public Health Nursing : George Peabody College, TN, 1937 MA :Teachers college, Columbia university, New York, 1945 MPH :Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 1952 Doctorate in nursing :Johns

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Martha E. Rogers' Theory of Unitary Human Beings views nursing as both a science and an art. The uniqueness of nursing, like any other science, is in the phenomenon central to its focus. The purpose of nurses is to promote health and well-being for all persons wherever they are. The development of Rogers' abstract system was strongly influenced by an early grounding in arts, as well as a background in science and interest in space. The science of unitary human beings began as a synthesis of ideas and facts.

The nursing theory provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the universe. The unitary human being and his or her environment are one. Nursing focuses on people and the manifestations that emerge from the mutual human-environmental field process. A change of pattern and organization of the human and environmental fields is transmitted by waves. The manifestations of the field patterning that emerge are observable events. By identifying the pattern, there can be a better understanding of human experience.

There are eight concepts in Rogers' nursing theory: energy field, openness, pattern, pan-dimensionality, homeodynamic principles, resonance, helicy, and integrality.

The energy field is the fundamental unit of both the living and the non-living. It provides a way to view people and the environment as irreducible wholes. The energy fields continuously vary in intensity, density, and extent. There are no boundaries that stop energy flow between the human and environmental fields, which is the openness in Rogers' theory.

Rogers defines pattern as the distinguishing characteristic of an energy field seen as a single wave. It is an abstraction, and gives identity to the field. Pan-dimensionality is defined as "non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes." The parameters that humans use in language to describe events are arbitrary, and the present is relative; there is no temporal ordering of lives.

Homeodynamic principles postulate a way of viewing unitary human beings. The three principles of homeodynamics are resonancy, helicy, and integrality. Resonancy is an ordered arrangement of rhythm characterizing both the human and environmental fields that undergo continuous dynamic metamorphosis in the human environmental process. Helicy describes the unpredictable, nonlinear evolution of energy fields as seen in non-repeating rhythmicities, and postulates an ordering of the human evolutionary emergency. Integrality covers the mutual, continuous relationship of the human and environmental fields. Changes occur by the continuous repatterning of the human and environmental fields by resonance waves. The fields are integrated into each other, but are also unique.

In Rogers' Theory of Unitary Human Beings, a person is defined as an indivisible, pan-dimensional energy field identified by pattern, and manifesting characteristics specific to the whole, and that can't be predicted from knowledge of the parts. A person is also a unified whole, having its own distinct characteristics that can't be viewed by looking at, describing, or summarizing the parts. Rogers also explains that people have the capacity to participate in the process of change. The environment is an "irreducible, pan-dimensional energy field identified by pattern and integral with the human field." The two fields coexist and are integral to each other.

Rogers defines health as an expression of the life process. It is the characteristics and behavior coming from the mutual, simultaneous interaction of the human and environmental fields, and health and illness are part of the same continuum. The multiple events occurring during the life process show the extent to which a person is achieving his or her maximum health potential. The events vary in their expressions from greatest health to those conditions that are incompatible with the maintaining life process.

The nursing theory states that nursing encompasses two dimensions: nursing as art and nursing as science. From the science perspective, nursing is an organized body of knowledge specific to nursing, and arrived at by scientific research and logical analysis. The art of nursing is the creative use of science to better people, and the creative use of its knowledge is the art of its practice. Rogers claims that nursing exists to serve people, and the safe practice of nursing depends on the nature and amount of scientific nursing knowledge the nurse brings to his or her practice.

The nursing process has three steps in Rogers' Theory of Unitary Human Beings: assessment, voluntary mutual patterning, and evaluation.

The areas of assessment are: the total pattern of events at any given point in space-time, simultaneous states of the patient and his or her environment, rhythms of the life process, supplementary data, categorical disease entities, subsystem pathology, and pattern appraisal. The assessment should be a comprehensive assessment of the human and environmental fields.

Mutual patterning of the human and environmental fields includes:

sharing knowledge

offering choices

empowering the patient

fostering patterning

evaluation

repeat pattern appraisal, which includes nutrition, work/leisure activities, wake/sleep cycles, relationships, pain, and fear/hopes

identify dissonance and harmony

validate appraisal with the patient

self-reflection for the patient

To prepare nurses to practice Rogers' model, the focus of nursing curriculum should be the transmission of the body of knowledge, teaching and practicing therapeutic touch, and conducting regular in-service education. Emphasis should be on developing self-awareness as a part of the patient's environmental energy field, as well as the dynamic role of the nurse pattern manifestation on the patient. There should also be an emphasis on laboratory study in a variety of settings, and the importance of the use of media in education.

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Rogers' Theory of Unitary Human Beings - Nursing Theory

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Martha E. Rogers' Theory of Unitary Human Beings views nursing as both a science and an art. The uniqueness of nursing, like any other science, is in the phenomenon central to its focus. The purpose of nurses is to promote health and well-being for all persons wherever they are.

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Martha's Theory views nursing as both an art and a science. Her Theory also believed that the unitary being and his/her enviroment are one. There are eight concepts in Rogers’ nursing theory: energy field, openness, pattern, pan-dimensionality, homeodynamic principles, resonance, helicy, and integrality. Rogers defines health as an expression of the life process. It is the characteristics and behavior coming from the mutual, simultaneous interaction of the human and environmental fields, and health and illness are part of the same continuum.
The framework set by Rogers’s theory allows nurses to operate from a place of scientific assurance in the work they do, all the while maintaining focus on the patients they work with. (Petiprin, A.)

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Martha's nursing theory can be used to address nurse burnout. Nursing and healthcare staff burnout is one of the many issues faced today in the healthcare field. Many nurses, while supporting in safety culture, end up compromising it due to being overworked. Some nurses, for example, work two full time jobs at separate facilities, which leads to exhaustion. The more stressed or tired a nurse becomes the higher the chance of mistakes occur. Although nurses know that focus is important in their jobs,  once experiencing burn out may find it hard to keep focus. Martha's theory frames the work into a new light. Most new nurses have strong motivating factors when entering the field, seeing the results of what they do as being greater than the sum of their parts and having a rippling effect out in the environment can help them remained focused even during mental fatigue. Over time the exhaustion starts to take over and you no longer feel those motivating factors that keep you looking forward to another day of work or help with staying focused.  Applying the theory to nurses themselves can help management to see the importance of allowing nurses  to rest.  By implying Martha's theory, management can see that nurses are part of the patient's environment and if the nurses aren't well themselves they cant properly help the patients to heal. Nurses who are burned out will act as a stressor to the patients. Though the patient may not perceive this stress consciously, a nurse’s action’s can have great impact on a patient’s health.

All in all Martha's Theory can help act as a source of motivation for a nurse who is starting to experience burnout. It can also bring light to management on the important of rest for the nurses. This can help management to decide on better nurse-patient ratios, proper break times, etc. Nurses are inherently linked in health to those around them. According to the theory, if a nurse is unhealthy and burnout, so will be their patients.Its important nurses stay motivated, and have proper rest to ensure a healthy environment for their patients. (Spiezio, V. 2017)

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Spiezio, V. (2017, November 24). Applying the Nursing Theory of Martha Rogers. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/academia/Applying-the-Nursing-Theory-of-Martha-Rogers