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The 19th century did not only witnessed the birth of Albert Einstein, but it also witnessed the birth of modern physics. Einstein is known as the father of modern physics and his numerous works include the photoelectric effect which established the quantum theory within physics and the general theory of relativity. He also won several awards such as Max Planck medal, Copley medal, Matteucci medal, and a Nobel Prize in Physics.

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Stephen Hawking was an English author, cosmologist, and theoretical physicist. He was the Director of Research at the Centre of Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge. Hawking’s was known for his studies about black holes. He formed the theory called “Hawking radiation” where he said that black holes emit radiation and he became the first person to set forth a cosmology that is explained through a union of the general quantum mechanics and thetheory of relativity.

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Alan Turing was a logician, philosopher, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist that was born in London, England. If it wasn’t for him computers would probably not exist because he invented the Turing Machine which is a simple but capable machine that can decipher any form of algorithms that can be measured and quantified. Turing and his team of code-breakers managed to defeat the German’s machine called “Enigma” because of his machine.

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Josh Forbes Nash Jr. was an American mathematician who is known for conducting the Game Theory and differential geometry and these studies were widely used in the field of economics, politics, accounting, and even biology. But it was the Game theory that earned him a Nobel Prize.

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Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who is known for developing the psychoanalysis method where psychopathology is treated by a dialogue between a psychoanalyst and a patient. He believed that dreams and postulated slips of the tongue was a way to understand the unconscious mind.

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Sir Tim Burners-Lee is an English computer scientist and engineer. He is best known to invent one of the most revolutionary inventions of the 20th century, the World Wide Web. Sir Tim Burners-Lee is a qualified software engineer who was working at CERN when the idea of creating the global network system came into his mind. He is also the creator of the world’s first web browser and editor.

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Richard Feynman was an American theoretical physicist who is famous for his work entitled The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Physics which served as the foundation for his Nobel Prize winning work on quantum electrodynamics. His other famous work was the Feynman Lectures of Physics which is one of the most popular physics textbooks.

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Frederick Sanger was a British biochemist who is known for his research about the insulin molecule which led to his conclusions that all proteins have definite and unique sequence of chemical compositions. He also developed the Sanger Method for DNA sequencing which later utilized in the DNA mapping for the Human Genome Project. Sanger’s works landed him two Nobel Prize in Chemistry.