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1. A genocide happens because a large number of people/the state plan to destroy an ethnic, racial or religious group due to prejudice.
2. Many patterns and processes are seen by those who perpetrate genocides such as ten predictable stages which are about classifying cultures/groups, discriminating against them subtly before increasing the discrimination and then it leads to treating these groups as second class citizens.

The ten stages of genocide is classification, symbolization, discrimination, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, persecution, extermination and denial.

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Classification occurs because all cultures have categories to distinguish people into "us and them" which divides one group or people from the rest.
Example: this occurred in Germany during the holocaust because Hitler saw it as normal people vs Jews and he classified them as different.
Prevention: develop opportunities in a society for people who are different ethnicities, religious background and social ideals to work together in order to allow people to become more tolerant of others.
Picture: us vs them mindset

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Symbolization is when we give names/symbols to classify ethnicity, race or religion.
Example: Referring to people as "Jews" and "Gypsies", the blue scar for people from the Eastern Zone in Khmer Rouge Cambodia
Prevention: Make hate symbols legally forbidden just like hate speech. Also outlawing group marketing like gang clothing can help
Picture: symbol to classify Jews- degrading

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Discrimination is when a dominant group uses law, custom and political power to prohibit giving rights to other groups
Example: The racial discrimination in the Cambodian Genocide show how there were horrific acts of racial discrimination against that minority group
Prevention: ban discrimination and individuals should have the right to sue the state, work places or other individuals if their rights are violated
Picture: excluding/discriminating against one group just for being different

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Dehumanization is when one group denies the humanity of the other group by treating them as second class citizens
Example: the use of hate propaganda in printed mass media (TV, internet, radio). In Rwanda Tutsis were referred to as "cockroaches"
Prevention: condemn the use of hate speech and make it culturally unacceptable
Picture: treated as second class citizens

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Organization is when the state uses trained and armed militias to hide responsibility for their actions
Example: Rwanda witnessed the organization of extremist Hutu militias: Interahamwe
Prevention: These militias should be banned and their leaders should not be allowed to travel outside their country where they could raise funds or obtain weapons
Picture: trained army to supervise genocide actions

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Polarization is when extremists drive the groups apart and call moderates in their own group traitors and arrest or kill them
Example: Hitler controlled Germany through propaganda encouraging them to carry out their "mission" and promoting German people over others
Prevention: Support anti-genocidal groups, physically protect moderate leaders, protest arrests of moderates and demand release
Picture: Hitler carrying out his mission

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Preparation is the "final solution" where they build armies, buy weapons and train their troops and militias in order to create fear for the victims
Example: Hitler's "final solution" which was establishing ghettos in Poland and murder Europe's Jews
Prevention: use journalistic and government intelligence networks, publicly expose genocidal plans and support political opponents of plans
Picture: Hitler and his supporters when planning final solution

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Persecution is when victims are identified and rounded up and sent to ghettos, concentration camps, gulags and are forced to wear identifying symbols and victims are separated because of their identity. Weapons are stockpiled and extermination sites are built
Example: Jews were taken from their homes and placed in ghettos and were also forced to wear yellow stars
Prevention: diplomacy using regional allies, political asylums for victims, prepare relief for refugees and use regional military intervention
Picture: symbols used to show differences between groups

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Extermination is when it becomes identified as a "genocide" and quickly becomes mass killings due to killers thinking the victims aren't human
Example: the Darfur genocide is killing of the ethnic Darfuri people through the government in Sudan
Prevention: rapid armed international intervention, UN Security Council authorized or Regional organization sponsored or support for local resistance.
Picture: deaths in the Armenian genocide

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Denial is when perpetrators deny that the genocide took place, refuse to allow accountability, blame victims, minimize deaths, claim self defense and use countless excuses to downplay the genocide
Example: the Armenian genocide denial is the claim that the Ottoman Armenians were not victims of a genocide which was started by the Committee of Union and Progress
Prevention: trials of perpetrators by international, hybrid or local courts as well as educating one on genocides so they can out countries for trying to deny what occurred
Picture: swept under the rug