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The Puritans were members of a religious reform movement known as Puritanism that arose within the church of England in the late 16th century. The puritan migration was overwhelmingly a migration of families. Puritanism gave Americans as sense of history as a progressive drama under the direction of god, in which they played a role akin to, if not prophetically aligned with, that the Old Testament Jews as a new chosen people. They were English protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritans thought there should be more stress on the bible and opposed any religious practice not clearly sanctioned by it.

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The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. The leader of the witch trials was Chief Justice William Stoughton.

To this day there is still a large and visible population of Witches who live and work in Salem today. The main religion that had started the entire witch trials was the puritan religion. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft. Twenty of those people were executed, most by hanging.

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Calvinism, also called Reformed Christianity, is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of christian practice set down by John Calvin and various other Reformation-era theologians. The five points of Calvinism are total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints. Calvinist in simple terms means having severe moral standards and considering pleasure to be wrong or not necessary. Calvin rejected the images of saints and the crucifix. Calvinist churches are called Reformed Churches.

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The purpose of John Winthrop's City Upon A hill was to describe the expectation that the Massachusetts Bay colony would shine like an example to the world. City Upon A Hill is a phrase often used to refer to John Winthrop's famous speech, "A Model of Christian Charity." It was given aboard the Arbella not long before reaching New England. The phrase refers to a goal in which to strive for. The city that John Winthrop is referring to is Boston.

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Women accused of being witches were slandered and denied rights. In January 1692 mass hysteria erupted in Salem Village, Massachusetts. Hysteria is a psychological illness of excess emotion with various odd physical manifestations. The symptoms for the salem girls were temporary blindness, skin lesions, convulsions, and hallucinations. The voice of reason in Salem during the hysteria was Rebecca Nurse.