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Since the state's beginnings, Slavery had been present there, so even when it was illegal, punishment for holding slaves was lax. 

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Since the state's beginnings, Slavery had been present there, so even when it was illegal, punishment for holding slaves was lax. 

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The continued presence of slavery in California turned people of color, especially Natives, into objects, which allowed for their mass killing in order to use the land they occupied.

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The continued presence of slavery in California turned people of color, especially Natives, into objects, which allowed for their mass killing in order to use the land they occupied.

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California laws were built to allow for the enslavement of Native Americans, an ability that was exploited by many white Californians. 

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California laws were built to allow for the enslavement of Native Americans, an ability that was exploited by many white Californians. 

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constitution said no to slavery (except as punishment for crime)

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constitution said no to slavery (except as punishment for crime)

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to most people, this applied to African Americans, but NOT to Native Americans

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making natives into possessions -- dehumanization

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making natives into possessions -- dehumanization

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"The apprenticeshipo laws, in particular, made California Indian children "valuable possessions." This had the efffect of encouraging the kidnapping of them. As early as 1853, there is evidencec in newspaper accounts that after hunting, attacking, and killing Indians, parties of local men would divide up the cchilren to keep for themselves."

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over 5000 killed by officially sanctioned militias and US troops from the 1840s to the 1870s, campaign often initiated by white setttlers like Mr. Hastings who wanted to use the land for their own purposes.

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laws built around legally enslaving natives

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laws built around legally enslaving natives

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Natives could be declared vagrant "if it was perceived that he could not support himself, or if he was found "loitering," or if he was leading an "immoral...course of life"... he could be forced to work for whoever would pay the most for up to four months"

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Slavery in California allowed for the creation of laws that legalized the enslavement of Native Americans, which then led to mass killings of Natives. 

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Slavery in California allowed for the creation of laws that legalized the enslavement of Native Americans, which then led to mass killings of Natives. 

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Slavery a danger to all African Americans in California

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Slavery a danger to all African Americans in California

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"Nearly all African Americans who came to California as slaves arrived during the pre-statehood torrent of goldseekers in 1849-50 and were susceptible to deportation. Even free African Americans could easily fall victim to kidnapping and fraud because California's black codes prohibited them from testifying against whites in state courts." -- Doc 2

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no pressure to end slavery or seriously prevent it even though it was illegal

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no pressure to end slavery or seriously prevent it even though it was illegal

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"Even after the lapse of the fugitive slave law in 1855, masters informally held slaves in California until 1864" -- Doc 2

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"When a person held to labor in any State or Territory of the United States under the laws thereof, shall escape into this state, the person to whom such labor or service may be due...is hereby empowered to seize or arrest such fugitive from labor, or shall have the right to obtain a warrant of arrest for such fugitive..." -- Document 1

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"[California's] vague antislavery constitution was open for extensive interpretation."

-Doc 3

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"The gold rush also brought both free African-American settlers seeking their fortunes, as well as enslaved African-Americans, who were forced to dig for their owners' benefit" -- Doc 3

Gold rush was basically the reason the state got started

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lack of respect for non-white people (could be used to justify/excuse/get away with slavery)

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lack of respect for non-white people (could be used to justify/excuse/get away with slavery)

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"At the local level, Native people in California during the Mexican period (1822-1846) were made to lavor for nothing and were viewed as a subclass whose masters exploited their labor and used them as a form of currency" Doc 4

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"We desire only a white population in California; even the Indians among us, as far as we have seen, are more of a nuisance than benefit to the country; we would like to get rid of them."

from 1848 issue of The Californian (newspaper)

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"This act obviously made it possible for a native to be held not only as a peon, but as an actual slave, for any unemploued Indian could be proved a vagrant"

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state and local officials held Indian Children as apprentices (enslavement)

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one scholar estimates that as many as 10000 california indians were affected (despite not knowing for sure)

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legislature specifically allowing enslavement of natives

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legislature specifically allowing enslavement of natives

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doc 4 bullets orange

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This practice continued unchecked until these "apprenticeship" and related laws were repealed on Apriil 17, 1863, four months after Linconls Emancipation Proclamation.

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When the first Mexican governor arrived in California in 1825, Native people in the Hispanic areas of influence effectively experienced the trading of Spanish for Mexican masters. ... This occurred despite the fact that slavery was outlawed throughout the Mexican Republic, and citizenship had been granted to Indigenous people in 1824." Doc 4

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black people being allowed in state is hotly debated...try to ban black people  5

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black people being allowed in state is hotly debated...try to ban black people  5

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"California had decided to ban slavery after a heated debate, but Burnett's vision didn't include Black residents at all. 'It ccould be no favor, and no kindness, to permit free Blacks to settle in the State,' he said, 'while it would be a most serious injury to us... Had they been born here, and had aquired rights inn consequence, I should not recommend any measures to expel them...the object is to keep them out."

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"sometimes Indians were found to have broken a law and were required to pay a fine. If the Indian could not pay, he might be "bailed out" by a white person who would pay the fine. The Indian would then be forced to work for the white person until he had paid off the fine."

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"the new [apprenticeship] law even allowed an adult California native to be declared an apprentice if it could be shown that he had "no settled havitation or means of livelihood." ... white overseers did not have to pay the California Indians anything, and they were not free to leave."

would be apprenticed for years

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slavery a polarizing topic of discussion in CA politics

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slavery a polarizing topic of discussion in CA politics

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Broderick after losing his duel: "They killed me because I am opposed to the extension of slavery and a corrupt administration."

doc 3

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enslavement of natives despite overall anti-slavery sentiment --- lack of respect/view of natives as people

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enslavement of natives despite overall anti-slavery sentiment --- lack of respect/view of natives as people

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"Despire the decline in the use of pauper apprenticeship of Native epople in New England, and indentured servitude within other parts of the United States due to anti-slavery sentiments, the California Legislature passed an indentured servitude and apprentice law that applied only to California Indians" Doc 4

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people wanted to spread slavery to CA (large faction)

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people wanted to spread slavery to CA (large faction)

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"David S. Terry was a Chief Justice of the California State Supreme Court and an advocate of extending slavery into California." D0c 3

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Slavery in California created a racist environment that did not enforce the emancipation of slaves and allowed the legal enslavement of Native Americans. 

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Slavery in California created a racist environment that did not enforce the emancipation of slaves and allowed the legal enslavement of Native Americans. 