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Abrasions

Definition- Skin scraped against a rough surface. The top layer of skin wears away, exposing numerous blood capillaries. Increases the probability of infections

Care-Clean the wound with a non-fiber shedding material or sterile gauze, and use an antiseptic such as Betadine. ...

Don't scrub at embedded dirt, as this can traumatize the site even more.

Cover the cleaned wound with an appropriate non-stick sterile dressing.

Universal Precaution- Wear gloves during all stages of wound care including when applying new dressings.

Infection- Pain, redness, swelling, or disordered function

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Incisions

Definition- Wounds with smooth edges

Care- Soak the gauze or cloth in the saline solution or soapy water, and gently dab or wipe the skin with it

Universal precaution- Wear gloves during all stages of wound care including when applying new dressings

Infections- Signs of infection, like fever and chills. Redness, swelling, pain, bleeding, or any discharge from the surgical site

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Avulsion wounds

Definition- Skin is torn from the body. Associated with major bleeding. To reattach the torn tissue, the avulsed tissue should be placed on moist gauze, preferably saturated with saline solution. Should be taken along with the athlete to the hospital for reattachment

Care- Keep the wound clean and dry for about 24-48 hours. Change the dressing once a day or if it gets dirty or wet. After three days the bandage may be removed, except in the case of drainage. Clean the area gently but don't wash or rub stitches or sutures directly.

Universal precautions- Wear gloves and clean the stitches around but gently

Infections- Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness. Red streaks leading from your toe or finger. Pus draining from your toe or finger. Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin. A fever.

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Puncture wounds

Definition- This can easily occur during physical activities and can be fatal. Direct penetration of tissues can introduce the tetanus bacillus into the bloodstream, possibly making the athlete a victim of lockjaw. All severe lacerations and puncture wounds should be referred immediately to a physician

Care- Wash your hands. This helps prevent infection. Stop the bleeding. Apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth.

Clean the wound. Rinse the wound with clear water for 5 to 10 minutes. Apply an ointment. Cover the wound. Change the dressing

Universal precautions-

Wear gloves during all stages of wound care including when applying new dressings

Infections- See a doctor if the wound isn't healing or you notice any increasing pain, pus, swelling or fever

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Lacerations

Definition- It occurs when a blunt force is delivered over a sharp bone or a bone that is poorly padded, giving a wound the appearance of a jagged edge cavity. May also result in skin avulsion.

Care- Clean by running cool water over the area and then use mild soap and water if possible. Dry with a sterile cloth. Next, apply antibiotic ointment and cover the wound with a sterile gauze bandage and medical tape.

Universal precaution- Treat the blood, other bodily fluids, and specimens of all patients as potentially infectious. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after any contact with patients or specimens.

Infections- Increased or darkening redness. More pus or fluid leaking out of the wound.