# data[].attributes.body
The term fluency means to perform a skill that looks smooth , in one motion not disjointed or looking uncomfortable. This can be shown in padel with a forehand pass with it looks fluent wit no effort needed. In padel to make the forehand shot look fluent, the players stance, foot placement and the swing overall. If all these steps are proccessed before the opponent has taken their shot then the is more of a chance that their reaction time reacting to the ball will be easier and the outcome of their forehand shot will be fluent. Proffesional padel players look fluent in all their shots as they have taken time to learn and practise the shots multiple times in training and matches. As you can see in the video attached, George doesn't have much fluency in his forehand shot because he hasn't given himself enough time to react therefore in conclusion, he isn't side on his feet placement is wrong and he has executed the shot wrong making the ball go high. When comparing him to Christian Medina, he is fluent in this shot making his opponent react quick to his shot trying to force a mistake out of them without thinking about how to execute it.

# data[].attributes.body
Cognitive, Perceptual and Motor are the three types of skills.

Cognitive skill is a skill performed by an athlete when they have multiple decisions to make but they have to make only one of them. It is very important for the athlete to make best and most effective decisions in order to gain an advantage or score a point.

Perceptual skills are used when there's stimuli used by the brain. This can depend on the experience of the athlete and their concentration/attention ability. For example, Matt could play George in a padel match. If George runs for the ball near the net, Matt has to be paying attention to whether George is going to hit a smash shot or a drop shot to make Matt react and move quicker.

Motor skill requires control in the muscles. It involves movement with the athlete's muscles with the intent to perform the skill they want to do. For example, Christain Murphy is running to the net as fast as he can to return the drop shot his opponent did but stopping in time to not touch or go over the net, which will conclude that his opponent will get the point as he touched the net with either his racket or himself.

# data[].attributes.body
Christian Medina Murphy is a proffesional English padel player who would play in the autonomous stage. This will mean that he can perform a varity of shots in the game with minimal decision making and very little errors. He has been practising every type of shot to get to the level he is now since the age of 14. He turned pro in 2018 with three titles and currently ranked as GB's number 1.

# data[].attributes.body
Upload your performance portfolio document below.

# data[].attributes.headline
What are the qualities of a skill performance?

# data[].attributes.subject
What are the qualities of a skill performance?

# data[].attributes.body
Qualities of a skilled performer is that they are consistent in their shots, playing the shot to where they want it to go, controlled and having confidence in yourself. (BBC, 2025)

# data[].attributes.body
Agustin Tapia is an Argentinian proffesional padel player who is the current world number 1. This would mean is is in the autonomous stage. He has played 146 games won 134 of them games and only lost 12. He has 19 titles to his name with 47 consecutive victories.

# data[].attributes.body
There are two type of skill; Open skills and Closed skills.

Open skills is when the athlete is always adapting to the scenario. For example a padel players have to adapt to player players shots. When Christian Murphy performs a drop shot so Matt has to run and react quickly to reach for the ball but if the opponent hits the ball back Christian will hit a a smash shot Matt has to adapt to that shot and run to the back of the court.

Closed skill is a pre-learned skill which the athlete can follow the same steps every time. For example, Agustin Tapia while have the same routine every time for his serve.

Fine Skills involves small movement from one body part. For example, in padel, players want to only move their wrist and arms to serve the ball to the other side of the court.

# data[].attributes.headline
How do abilities contribute to the production of Sport Skills?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do abilities contribute to the production of Sport Skills?

# data[].attributes.body
The higher the abilities are in an athlete the greater chance they have to lay at a high level in the sport. Athlete’s with greater abilities learn and process new skills faster than athlete’s with lower abilities. They often will reach the higher levels of skill acquisition faster and for a wide variety of skills that are related to each other. "Ability is often a combination of characteristics in the athlete".(pdhpe, 2024). For example, Louis Rees Zammit who was Gloucester winger who has now transferred to the US for the NFL knowing playing for the Jacksonville jaguars as a wide receiver.

# data[].attributes.body
Being controlled requires a combination of the correct speed, accuracy and distance. From the clip shown above Matt has shown how to be controlled in padel. Padel players have to be controlled to hit the right shot to try and gain an advantage. When comparing this to Agustin Tapia he will hit the exact same shot for his serve every time because he has learnt how much speed and power he needs to create the best opportunity to guarantee them either getting a point or making their opponent make an error.

# data[].attributes.body
Gross Motor is to do with large body movement such as running. Gross motors are usually required while a child is growing up such as walking for the first time. An example of Gross Motor is speed. Speed is the ability to move quickly. In padel you need speed as for example if your opponent applies a drop shot and your at the back of the court then you need to run as fast as you can to return that shot without letting the ball bounce twice. Matts speed will be slower than Christian Murphys speed as the proffesional athlete has been training and playing at the top level for multiple years whereas matt has only played padel for a few days.

# data[].attributes.body
Psychomotor abilities are when an athlete is performing movement with fine motor skills such as, reaction time and speed. The higher these abilites are the easier it will be to execute the skills. Reaction time is the ability to react quickly to a stimulus to make a movement in different directions. For example, reacting quickly in padel to your opponent performing a smash shot at you. This means that, having to move your body towards that ball to hit the ball back towards them. Matts reaction time will be slower than Christian Murphys reaction as the proffesional athlete has been training and playing at the top level for multiple years whereas matt has only played padel for a few days. The proffesional athlete will also improve his reaction time because in every session he will focus on drills to improve his reaction time in the game.

# data[].attributes.body
George Batty is new to the sport which means he is in the cognitive stage. This means that, he will make loads of errors and mistakes. He also came into the sport without knowing any of the rules or shots. As he keeps on playing he will become into the assosiative stage.

# data[].attributes.body
Fine and Gross are the only two types of movement.

Fine Skills involves small movement from one body part. For example, in padel, players want to only move their wrist and arms to serve the ball to the other side of the court. As you can see George performing a drop shot because only his arm need to move to perform this skill.

Gross movement involves large muscles groups working together to perform a skill. For example, as you can see Matt jumps up to perform a smash shot using number of large muscle groups working together to perform the skill well.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the difference between Abilities & Skills?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the difference between Abilities & Skills?

# data[].attributes.body
The difference between abilities and skills is that abilities are required to perform skills. Some abilities are learned early on in life when growing up throughout childhood. For example waling and running. Being natural at a skill means to perform skills immediately without any mistakes. For example Christian Murphy will have the skill of hitting the same shot every single time without any mistakes and constantly. Nature and Nurture are the same as skills and abilities. Nature means you are born with the ability to do things such as talking and walking. Nurture mean to learn things the gain new skills.

# data[].attributes.body
Economy of Efficiency of Movement is the execution of a skill that needs to be done with as less errors as possible and at the same time in the least amount of time. In the clip above we can see George applying his skills to perform a smash shot, because he is in the cognitive stage this shot isn't performed at a high stage. When George is performing this shot, the ball is in the right place for the opponent to return the shot with a forehand pass. When comparing this to Agustin Tapia, he will use a different technique in his smash shot as he has been taught by the best coaches in the world which you can see he is the worlds best padel player in the world.

# data[].attributes.body
Perceptual is making decisions and also making the use of information the body receives. This could include hearing, seeing, hearing and touching. For example, feeling how slippy the turf is when playing padel this means that, they will have to be carful with the ball skimming the ground fast instead of bouncing up high. What information can the padel player get from this. Decision making will come into play with this as well because they will have to judge where the ball will be bouncing is the opponent has put spin on his backhand shot. Therefore, they will have to adjust to that shot. In the video, we can see Matt mis judging his opponent shot, this means that he hasn't used information such as the slippiness of the grown before hand.

# data[].attributes.body
Matt is not new to the sport but he doesn't have the skills to be in the top band of padel players. This would mean he is assosiative. He can perform some shots at a high level but also makes errors. As he keep on playing he will become better at the sport and getting rid of the mistakes he makes while playing.

# data[].attributes.body
There are three stages of movement, Continuous, Discrete and Serial.

Continuous is when is doesn't have a start or an end, keep a rally going for a long period of time. For example, a rally in padel. Shown above with Matt.

Discrete has a clear beginning and end being controlled. In padel a discrete movement will have a clear beginning and a clear end just like a forehand pass. The beginning will be preparing for the shot and the end will be hitting the ball over the net.

Serial Skills have more than one discrete skill to produce a fluent movement. For example, Matt performing a serve then going straight into the game hitting either a backhand or a forehand.

# data[].attributes.body
Being consistent means to execute high level of skills and techniques repeatedly without making any mistakes. In padel it is important to be consistent because on average a rally should take up to six seconds. In that time, each shot has to be perfect on where you place the ball, how much power you put on it and what type of shot you take. For example, in the clip above it shows matt performing a drop shot. This needs to be consistent in order to perform it right to gain a point for your team. When comparing this to our professional player Christian Murphy his drop shots will be more consistent than Matts as he has had more experience with high athletes.

# data[].attributes.body
When talking about the the pacing of skill, there are two types of pacing which are Self-Paced and Externally Paced.

Self-Paced skills will be the performer controlling the pace of the shot or match. For example, George slowing down the tempo of the game with a drop shot to give him time to set himself back to the centre of the court.

Externally Paced is something external interferes with the pace of the game or shot. For example either Georges opponent changing the shot to a smash shot to the pace of the match will get faster.

# data[].attributes.headline
Energy Expenditure Meeting the Demands of the Task

# data[].attributes.subject
Energy Expenditure Meeting the Demands of the Task

# data[].attributes.body
This term means to use as minimal energy as possible so your not wasting your energy in unwanted movements. For example, performing a smash shout will use most of your energy compared to a backhand shot. For beginners like George, the majority of his energy will go into his smash shot, if the shot has not succeeded and his opponent returns the shot, he wont have the energy to perform another shot. Therefore, his opposition will gain an advantage on him. This means that, they will keep making him perform them smash shots so it will tire him out. In conclusion he will lose the match.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Matt Myers Psychomotor Skill (Coordination)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Callum Gilbert Assignment 4 Skill Acqusition Portfolio