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You might not think there is much difference, at least not at first glance, between a monocot and a dicot plant, but I’m here to help you identify them in your everyday life. Starting at the embryo now you technically wouldn’t see that seed but let me explain. If you examine the seed microscopically, for example, you’ll see that monocots contain one little leaf in their seed, while dicots contain two leaves. This is one of the first reasons they differ, even though you see it nowhere directly in the plant you’re viewing.

Now, let’s get into the parts you can see the leaves. If you examine the plant’s leaves closely, you’ll see one big difference. Dicot leaves have the shape of a regular cannabis plant leaf masculine, jagged, with branching veins. The tissue consists of long hollow tubes that transport the sugar through the leaf, and the branches of the tubes in dicot leaves follow a branching pattern, much like the branches of a tree fan out across a leaf. Conversely, monocot leaves tend to be long and narrow, with their veins in straight lines, parallel to one another, as with a blade of grass or the leaves of lilies. If you are examining a plant with straight, parallel veins, chances are you are looking at a monocot.

And then, let’s move on to the stems. This is something you can usually see if you break the plant open or really look at it closely. Monocots have scattered vascular bundles (the little tubes that move water and nutrients), so they don’t form a distinct pattern. But in dicots, the vascular bundles are arranged in tidy rings, so if you open up the stem, you’ll see they’re grouped together in a circle. It’s that kind of subtle detail that helps you type the plant.

And then there’s the root system. When you pull up a plant, you can observe how its roots branch out. Monocots generally have a fibrous root system which is a bunch of thinner roots extending out from the base. In contrast, dicots have a taproot, in which one significant root develops thick and deep, and thinner roots branch off from it. So if you pull up a plant and see a bundle of thin, wiry roots, you’re likely looking at a monocot. “If you’ve got one thick root going deep into the soil, that’s a dicot.

Last, take a look at the blooms. You will know this is most evident once the plant is in flower. Monocots generally have flowers with their parts in multiples of three petals, three sepals, or six stamens. If you are staring at a flowered plant with flowers in threes, then you are staring at a monocot. Dicots, for their part, generally have flowers with parts in fours or fives so a flower with five petals or five sepals is probably a dicot.

https://www.holganix.com/blog/monocots-vs-dicots-what-you-need-to-know

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Monocots vs Dicots: What You Need To Know

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Plants can be divided into 2 categories: monocots and dicots. What makes the 2 types different and why is it important to understand which is which?

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I recently watched this 7 minute YouTube video on mollusks and found a lot of interesting stuff I didn’t know before. This information is mostly found in our textbook, but I figured it was good to share some impressive facts and important points with the exam coming up.

Did you know that mollusks are the second-largest type of animal in the world? They constitute about 23% of all marine fauna! Mollusks are one of the most diverse groups of animals with over 100,000 species, and they inhabit all types of environments, from land to ocean. Some of them are small as the Acmella nana was not even mentioned in the video so i had to google Shell only 0.7 millimeters high. Never knew mollusks could be so small!

I also learnt that snails are the most common but that the giant squid is in fact the biggest type of mollusk. One more cool thing I didn’t know was that mollusks have a thing called a “mantle” that makes their shells (if they have one).

Mollusks also have either a foot or tentacles for purposes of movement. Snails and clams also have a foot they use theirs to crawl and octopuses have tentacles, which they use to grab things and swim. Oh, and some mollusks, such as snails, have something called a radula, which is a tongue covered in small teeth that they use to scrape up food. It’s sort of their built-in food processor.

But what matters most is how mollusks benefit the environment. They filter water and biodegrade organic matter, which is integral to maintaining a clean ocean. And there are seven major classes of mollusks, including snails, clams, squid and octopuses, all of which can reproduce by laying eggs or giving birth to live young.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbKrd_1ErNU

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The human body regulates internal stability through homeostasis which functions to stabilize internal conditions when external conditions shift. The human body controls vital parameters which include body temperature and pH levels together with glucose concentrations and fluid equilibrium and ionic balance. The three essential components for regulation include receptors that detect changes and the control center which uses the brain to process information and effectors that implement corrective actions. During hot weather conditions the human body regulates its temperature by sweating and expanding blood vessels. The body depends heavily on its nervous and endocrine systems to achieve homeostasis. The body's balance becomes disrupted due to genetic factors and dietary issues and environmental toxins and stress which can result in illness and disease and ultimately death.

https://byjus.com/biology/homeostasis/

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Homeostasis Definition

"Homeostasis is the state of steady internal chemical and physical conditions maintained by living systems."
Table of Contents
Homeostasis Meaning and Etymology

The theory of homeostasis was first introduced by Claude Bernard, a French Physiologist in the year 1865, and the term was first used in 1926 by Walter Bradford Cannon. Bradford derived Homeostasis from the ancient Greek words ὅμοιος (pronounced: hómoios) and ἵστημι (pronounced: hístēmi). The combination of these words translates to "similar" and "standing still" respectively.

Read on to explore what is homeostasis and its role in regulating internal body environment.

What is Homeostasis?

Homeostasis is quite crucial for the survival of organisms. It is often seen as a resistance to changes in the external environment. Furthermore, homeostasis is a self-regulating process that regulates internal variables necessary to sustain life.

In other words, homeostasis is a mechanism that maintains a stable internal environment despite the changes present in the external environment.

The body maintains homeostasis by controlling a host of variables ranging from body temperature, blood pH, blood glucose levels to fluid balance, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations.

Regulation of Homeostasis

The regulation of homeostasis depends on three mechanisms:

The entire process continuously works to maintain homeostasis regulation.

Receptor

As the name suggests, the receptor is the sensing component responsible for monitoring and responding to changes in the external or internal environment.

Control Center

The control centre is also known as the integration centre. It receives and processes information from the receptor.

Effector

The effector responds to the commands of the control centre. It could either oppose or enhance the stimulus.

An Example of Homeostasis in Action

Receptor
Cutaneous receptors of the skin.

Effector
Blood vessels and sweat glands in the skin.

The skin has receptors that detect changes in temperature. If the external temperature rises or drops below the equilibrium, the control centre sends signals to the blood vessels and sweat glands in our skin to react accordingly. If the temperature is too hot, the blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) and cause a drop in the body temperature. Moreover, sweat glands produce sweat to accompany vasodilation. If the external temperature is too cold, the blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) and enable the body to retain heat.

Also Read: Thermoregulation
Homeostasis Breakdown

The failure of homeostasis function in an internal environment will result in illnesses or diseases. In severe cases, it can even lead to death and disability.

Many factors can affect homeostasis. The most common are:

Genetics.

Physical condition.

Diet and nutrition.

Venoms and toxins.

Psychological health.

Side effects of medicines and medical procedures.

Body Systems and Homeostasis

The body system participates in maintaining homeostasis regulations. The purpose of the body system is to describe several controlling mechanisms where every system contributes to homeostasis.

Listed below are the tables which describe how different organs perform different functions to maintain the internal body environment.

Central Nervous System

Cerebrum

Consciousness, creativity, thoughts, morals, memory, etc.

Lower portions

Reception of sensory data, coordination of muscular activity, homeostasis.

Spinal cord

Automatic reflex actions.

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic system

Cranial and spinal motor nerves that control internal organs.

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves

Carry sensory information to motor impulses from the CNS.

Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Stimulates fight or flight response

Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)

Promotes gluconeogenesis

Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)

Promotes sodium re-absorption by kidneys

Thyroid-stimulating hormones

Stimulates thyroid gland.

Adrenocorticotropic hormones

Stimulates adrenal cortex gland.

Gonadotropin hormones

Stimulates gonads.

Androgen (male) Estrogen and progesterone (female)

Promotes secondary sexual characteristics.

Hypothalamic-releasing hormones

Regulates anterior pituitary hormones.

Anti-diuretic hormone

Promotes water reabsorption by kidneys.

Parathyroid hormone

Maintains blood calcium and phosphorus levels.

Thyroid hormones

Increases metabolic rates.

Insulin

Lowers blood sugar level.

Glucagon

Raises blood sugar level.

Other Examples of Homeostasis
Also Read: Osmoregulation

1. Blood glucose homeostasis.

2. Blood oxygen content homeostasis.

3. Extracellular fluid pH homeostasis.

4. Plasma ionized calcium homeostasis.

5. Arterial blood pressure homeostasis.

6. Core body temperature homeostasis.

7. The volume of body water homeostasis.

8. Extracellular sodium concentration homeostasis.

9. Extracellular potassium concentration homeostasis.

10. Blood partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide homeostasis.

Frequently Asked Questions

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What Is Homeostasis? - Meaning, Definition And Examples

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"Homeostasis is the state of steady internal chemical and physical conditions maintained by living systems." Table of Contents Homeostasis Meaning and Etymology The theory of homeostasis was first introduced by Claude Bernard, a French Physiologist in the year 1865, and the term was first used in 1926 by Walter Bradford Cannon.

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Padlet Assignment 7 The temperate forest biome 

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Padlet Assignment 7 The temperate forest biome 

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I'm learning so much about the biomes and ecosystems and the one that I am targeting is the temperate forest biome. I chose this one because the desert, tropical rainforest and savannah get all of the attention, but this one is just as fascinating (and important). Most temperate forests are in the Northern Hemisphere, like the eastern United States, parts of Europe and Eastern Asia. They experience all four seasons spring, summer, fall, and winter although it can get as hot as 86°F in summer and as cold as -22°F in winter, and the windiest season is spring and the least windy season is summer. These forests receive anywhere from 20 to 60 inches of water per year in the form of rain and snow. One cool thing I found is that temperate forests are layered starting with mosses and lichens on the forest floor, then shrubs, and finally the large trees like oak, maple and birch. These layers are home to a variety of animals. The wildlife is super eclectic there are deer and bears but also foxes, squirrels, hummingbirds, and so many more. Some animals hibernate or migrate in the winter, and others have camouflaged looks to avoid the tree line. I loved finding out all the ways everything in the temperate forest biome is linked and how it all contributes to a more functioning, balanced and vital system.

https://www.treehugger.com/land-biomes-temperate-forests-373499

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The temperate forest biome is one of the world's major habitats. Temperate forests are characterized as regions with high levels of precipitation, humidity, and a variety of deciduous trees Decreasing temperatures and shortened daylight hours in fall mean decreased photosynthesis for plants. Thus, these trees shed their leaves in fall and bud new leaves in spring when warmer temperatures and longer hours of daylight return.

This article explores the key characteristics of the temperature forest, include average temperatures, wildlife presence, and more.

Temperate forests have a wide range of temperatures that correlate with the distinctive seasons. Temperatures range from hot in the summer, with highs of 86 degrees F, to extremely cold in the winter, with lows of -22 degrees F. Temperate forests receive abundant amounts of precipitation, usually between 20 and 60 inches of precipitation annually. This precipitation is in the form of rain and snow.

Given the climate needs, deciduous forests are typically found in the Northern Hemisphere. Some locations of temperate forests include:

Eastern Asia

Central and Western Europe

Eastern United States

Vegetation

Due to abundant rainfall and thick soil humus, temperate forests are able to support a wide variety of plant life and vegetation. This vegetation exists in several layers, ranging from lichens and mosses on the ground layer to large tree species like oak and hickory that stretch high above the forest floor. Other examples of temperate forest vegetation include:

Forest canopy tier: Maple trees, walnut trees, birch trees

Small tree tier: Dogwoods, redbuds, shadbush

Shrub tier: Azaleas, mountain laurel, huckleberries

Herb tier: Blue bead lily, Indian cucumber, wild sarsaparilla

Floor tier: Lichens and mosses

Mosses are nonvascular plants that play an important ecological role in the biomes they inhabit. These small, dense plants often resemble green carpets of vegetation. They thrive in moist areas and help to prevent soil erosion and also serve as a source of insulation during colder months.

Unlike mosses, lichens are not plants. They are the result of symbiotic relationships between algae or cyanobacteria and fungi. Lichens are important decomposers in this environment littered with decaying plant material. Lichens help to recycle plant leaves, thus generating the fertile soil in this biome.

Temperate forests are home to a diverse wildlife biosystem including various insects and spiders, wolves, foxes, bears, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, eagles, rabbits, deer, skunks, squirrels, raccoons, squirrels, moose, snakes, and hummingbirds.

Temperate forest animals have many different ways to deal with the cold and lack of food in winter. Some animals hibernate during the winter and arise in spring when food is more plentiful. Other animals store food and burrow underground to escape the cold. Many animals escape the harsh conditions by migrating to warmer regions in winter.

Other animals have adapted to this environment by blending in with the forest. Some camouflage themselves as leaves, looking almost indistinguishable from the foliage. This type of adaptation comes in handy for both predators and prey.

More Land Biomes

Temperate forests are one of many biomes. Other land biomes of the world include:

Chaparrals: Characterized by dense shrubs and grasses, this biome experiences dry summers and damp winters.

Deserts: Did you know that not all deserts are hot? In fact, Antarctica is the largest desert in the world.

Savannas: This large grassland biome is home to some of the fastest animals on the planet.

Taigas: Also called boreal forests or coniferous forests, this biome is populated by dense evergreen trees.

Temperate grasslands: These open grasslands are located in colder climate regions than savannas. They are found on every continent except for Antarctica.

Tropical rainforests: Located near the equator, this biome experiences hot temperatures year round.

Tundra: As the coldest biome in the world, tundras are characterized by extremely cold temperatures, permafrost, treeless landscapes, and slight precipitation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where are temperate forest biomes found in the world?

Temperate forests cover most of the U.S. and Europe and occupy a large portion of Asia. They occur at latitudes between 25 and 50 degrees in both hemispheres.

What do temperate forest land biomes look like?

Temperate forests look like continuous canopy of deciduous, broad-leaved trees. Temperate forest land biomes change with the seasons-they lose their leaves in the fall but appear lush and green in the summer.

How does climate change impact temperate forests?

The changing climate has already impacted temperate forests in a variety of ways. Everything from insect outbreaks to wildfires has become more frequent and extreme. "These disturbances can reduce forest productivity and change the distribution of tree species," the Environmental Protection Agency says.

How many land biomes are there in the world?

Some say there are as few as four and as many as 11 land biomes on the planet. The most widely agreed-upon answer is seven: temperate forests, deserts, tundra, tropical rainforests, boreal forests, grasslands, and savannas.

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Temperate Forests: Climate, Locations, Wildlife

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The temperate forest biome is one of the world's major habitats. Temperate forests are characterized as regions with high levels of precipitation, humidity, and a variety of deciduous trees Decreasing temperatures and shortened daylight hours in fall mean decreased photosynthesis for plants.

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I came across a brief 4-minute video about biodiversity that totally blew my mind. It describes how our world looks stable even as it is more fragile than we might think. A jungle in full lush can become a desert without the need of a drama; just loss of the ecological equilibrium.

It underlines the significance of biodiversity at three different levels ecological, species and genetic. For example, the Amazon rainforest is host to a hugely complex ecosystem. Its variety of trees sustains herbivores and insects that recycle nutrients and maintain fertile soil.

Everything is really all connected. When species are lost, or when genetic diversity declines, it can disrupt an entire ecosystem. Sure, one of the big threats is human activity ,but we need that biodiversity too it’s the food on our plate, the air we breathe, and the medicine we take.

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Why is biodiversity so important? - Kim Preshoff

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Hormonal disorder PCOS affects approximately 10% of women who are in their reproductive years and it stands as a primary reason for infertility. The symptoms of PCOS include irregular or absent periods together with excessive body or facial hair and acne and weight gain and fatigue and anxiety and depression and difficulty sleeping. The hormonal imbalance in PCOS causes elevated testosterone and insulin levels while reducing estrogen and progesterone which disrupts ovulation and menstrual patterns. The condition results from genetic factors as well as dietary patterns and stress levels and physical exercise patterns. The diagnosis requires evidence of irregular ovulation together with high androgen signs or multiple ovarian follicles. The condition remains incurable but patients can manage their PCOS through lifestyle modifications and pharmaceutical treatments and hormonal medications including the contraceptive pill and fertility drugs. People with PCOS experience mental health difficulties which stem from both hormonal changes and emotional responses to their symptoms.