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Gas pressure arises Gas pressure arises from the countless collisions of gas molecules with the walls of their container. Each collision exerts a tiny force, but the combined effect of all these collisions results in a measurable force per unit area, which is what we define as gas pressure.

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Formula to find the solid pressure is pressure = force/area. A greater weight (force) exerts more pressure than a lighter one. Solids exert pressure due to their weight in a single direction.

Examples: hammering a nail, inflating a tire, etc.

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The three fundamental states of matter are solid, liquid, and solid each characterized by the arrangement and movement of its particles. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with tightly packed particles that vibrate in place. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, with particles that move more freely than in solids. Gases have no definite shape or volume, with particles that move freely and spread out.

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Also known as stress. The formula for liquid pressure is p = pgh, density, acceleration of gravity, and the height of the liquid (or depth of the fluid) respectively. Examples that demonstrate this are hydraulic systems, hydropower gneeration, blood circulation, and water distribution.

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Suppose an incompressible fluid is at rest in a closed container. Pascal’s law, or Pascal’s principle, states that a pressure change in one part is transmitted without loss to every portion of the fluid and the container walls. Since the pressure is transmitted undiminished, Pascal’s law implies that the total fluid pressure is the sum of the pressures from different sources.

The atoms of the fluid are free to move in all directions and are responsible for transferring the pressure. Consider a container filled with water with a movable piston on the top, as shown in the image below. Neglecting the piston’s weight, the pressure at the top of the container is equal to the atmospheric .

Ptop = Po