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A photo doesn’t have to be 100% factual to still hit you emotionally or tell a powerful story. Sometimes the feeling or moment it captures matters way more than whether every detail is perfectly true.

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The meaning behind the photograph I feel should not be lost.  If too much staging or manipulation occurs then the photo's narrative is not true to the original image.  I do find it alarming that back in the 30’s and before hand photos were staged.  It makes me think that one wants a specific image to be shared with the public versus an unfiltered pure photograph captured during a particular event.  In some occurrences the meaning will be lost.  The impact will vary from viewer to viewer and image to image.  Is it less impactful?  Is it less believable?  Can creativity cause the essence of the original scene be lost?

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I think there are multiple truths but the real question is why someone needs to see something to believe it.

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I don't think a photograph needs to be completely factual to be meaningful or powerful. For instance, the Migrant Mother's photograph is powerful because it captures the universal struggle within that era for migrants through the family's photograph.

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I think a photograph doesn’t have to be completely factual to be meaningful or powerful. Most of the times, images communicate emotional or symbolic truth even when we don't know the facts or aren't sure about them. Capa’s Falling Soldier still captures the chaos and vulnerability of war, whether it was staged or not. But when it comes to journalism, the line matters more, because viewers trust photos as records of reality, and that trust can be damaged if manipulation isn’t acknowledged.

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No, a photo does not have to be completely factual to be meaningful or powerful, as evidenced by Capa’s war work. However, if a photographer is doing photojournalism, it had better be completely factual.

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Well...this is an interesting and thought provoking module.

We have been presented with images in the module that were not completely factual but were meaningful/powerful to me. So I personally am willing to say they don't need to be completely factual for me.

However, the context, use, and narrative of the image should not be lost so as to maintain the desired meaning and power of the image. There should be enough background (i.e. ethics) so the viewer can "think for themselves."

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No, a photograph does not need to be factual to be meaningful or powerful. The ghost-photo of her and her husband was clearly both meaning and powerful to Mary Todd Lincoln, even if most other people scoffed at it. However, the universality of the impact of an image is enhanced by its veracity (few if any scoffed at Migrant Mother).

But, a photographer does have a moral obligation to be honest about the circumstances under which a photograph was taken if the photograph is presented as documentary. The fallen Soldier may have presented an interesting dilemma for Capa since it was published under his name as "documentary" before he ever saw it. Was he "forced" into a lie?

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I don’t think a photo needs to be factual to be meaningful or powerful. But I also think the meaning of a photo can differ from person to person. How in-depth one’s interpretation or creative thinking can be a factor. For example- spiritual photography. Those who “believe” might find the images more powerful and have a lasting impact, whereas those who do not believe may simply view the image as a hoax or deception. Either way, powerful depending on how you interpret the photo. The overall composition can also sway the narrative. This module really has me thinking about every photo I look at and can’t help but wonder if there’s more to the “story” that's not visible which could alter my interpretation of the photo.

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As a student, I was surprised to learn how common it was for soldiers to pose or reenact combat scenes for photographers during the Spanish Civil War. It challenged my assumptions about war photography being purely candid or unfiltered.

As a teacher now, what comes to my mind when I think about this question is: If an image changes the public’s understanding of a war—even if it wasn’t a literal record of one moment—does that make it unethical, or just effective storytelling? How do we draw the line between representation and manipulation?