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One of the largest ethnic groups, they are the natives of Sarawak, Malaysia. Iban is a sub-group of the Dayak community. (Viviellenie, 2021)

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Hello, hello! I am Nurul Husna but I go by Husna for short :D From the picture above, behind me lies a yellow structure subtly blending in among the greens of nature. I think it's beautiful how buildings are reflective of its environment or maybe even...culture?

And that's exactly what my Padlet is all about! Prepare to knock on the doors of varying sub-cultures, and stepping into their homes.

Let's go!

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The Bugis people ethnically came from South Sulawesi, Indonesia and are historically known for their migration across all parts of South-East Asia including Malaysia. Now, the Bugis group has settled down and established communities in parts of Malaysia such as Johor, Selangor, and Sabah. (Adryamarthanino & Nailufar, 2022) The Buginese people aren't their own sub-culture, instead they fall under the various ethnics of the Malays.

Let's take a look at the architectural design of their houses!

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Orang Batek is a sub-group of Negrito which make up the smallest community of Orang Asli, with a population of around 1,500 people. They live in the rainforest areas of Pahang, Kelantan, and Terengganu. (Garcia, 2024)

Due to their nomadic lifestyle, they do not only live in one area. In fact, they describe the forest as their 'true home' which is reflective in their way of life.

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Senoi is the largest tribal group of Orang Asli in Malaysia. They make up 54% of natives of the land. The two biggest sub-groups that make up the Senoi community are Temiar and Semai. (The Senoi Story)

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To explore the homes and buildings of various sub-cultures in Malaysia.

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The Home of Bugis

Orang Batek and The Forest

Senoi and Their Homes

The Buildings of Boyan

Iban Residence

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The architectural design reflects adaptation towards the living environments. Famously known, traditional Bugis houses are built on stilts, hence the name! Also known as rumah panggung, this elevated design protected houses from floods and allowed better air ventilation.

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The design of stilt houses symbolises the sacred human body's anatomy. The structure was also influenced by pre-Islamic teachings of the universe.

Rakeang (the upper world/heaven) – the apex of the house being the attic, which is used to store crops and heirlooms.

Ale Bola (the middle world) – represents the human world thus becomes the living space of the house.

Awa Bola (the underworld) – a dark area under the house which served as a shed.

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Orang Batek uses natural resources to make their shelters. Because they move around a lot, these shelters serve as a place of protection, rest, and everyday activities. Only from materials like wood branches and rattan palm leaves can they build these haya' from scratch.

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More information on how Orang Batek build their haya':

https://www.instagram.com/reel/C7q3QwFSVp4/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link

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Malaysian Batek Tribe - making traditional "hayak" shelters

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The Baweanese people originated from Pulau Bawean, Indonesia. There are no exact records of when they migrated to Malaysia but they are well-known travellers. The Bawans are a sub-group of Malay ethnicity. (Nur Farhana, 2022)

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Due to the Indonesian roots of Orang Boyan, these gazebo-like structure influence the architecture of this sub-culture. The dhurung serves the function as a meeting point/welcoming area of guests which is typically placed outside of the house. Besides that, it is also used as a barn/shed for keeping crops.

Architectural features:

The roof is typically made from palm tree leaves.

Floral engravings are carved onto the supporting timbers of the structure.

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The longhouse is known for its communal way of living. Symbolic with the culture of Iban, these longhouses can accommodate many families altogether under one roof.

Architectural Features:

Built on stilts, the main area of the house is on a raised platform.

Each family owns their own living quarters/rooms known as bilek.

The common and shared area is known as ruai. The ruai is used for communal activities such as ceremonies, eating together, and other daily activities.

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The architectural design of the Senoi group also evolve around naturally found materials of the forest. The Senoi build their homes on the ground of the forest with bamboo walls and palm branch rooves. By the time these natural materials begin to rot and the crops have been harvested, they begin to move to other areas in search of the next place for housing.

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Timestamp of 01:09

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Borneo’s Vanishing Tribal World | Life Inside the Longhouse Part 1