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1.  2 × Plastic plant pots (yoghurt size in sets of 10)

2. 20 × Mustard Seeds (or better Cress)

3. Access to light source (e.g. window sill or lamp)

4. 1 x Cardboard box (Printer paper box)

5. Protractors

6. Grease-proof paper (A4 size)

7. Red/Blue/Green Coloured filters (transparent A4 size)

8. Soil

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How do mustard plant need sunlight to grow?

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How do mustard plant need sunlight to grow?

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1. Seed Germination: Light isn't necessary for mustard seeds to sprout, but once they do, they rely on sunlight for growth.

2. Photosynthesis: Mustard plants require ample sunlight for photosynthesis, which drives their growth, leaf expansion, and overall development.

3. Flowering and Seed Production: Mustard plants are long-day plants, meaning they flower when exposed to longer daylight hours, typically in spring or early summer.

4. Chlorophyll Development: Inadequate sunlight can cause yellowing leaves (chlorosis) and stunted growth, while proper sunlight ensures lush green leaves.

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Stem and Leaf Growth: The shoots grow toward the light source due to auxins (plant hormones) that promote cell elongation on the shaded side of the stem, bending it toward the light.

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Diffusing Light – If you want to test how plants respond to filtered or diffused light, grease-proof paper can be placed between the light source and the plants. This mimics cloudy conditions or shade, helping you observe if mustard plants grow differently under softer, indirect light.

Controlling Light Intensity – Wrapping light sources or covering parts of a growth chamber with grease-proof paper reduces the brightness and helps test whether mustard plants grow better under strong or weak light.

Blocking Light in Certain Directions – You can use grease-proof paper along with black paper or cardboard to create shadows or partial shade conditions. This is useful for testing how plants bend or grow toward the uncovered light source (phototropism).

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Mustard plants exhibit phototropism, meaning they grow towards a light source.

A protractor helps measure the angle of stem bending in response to light.

You can place the protractor next to the plant and record how much it bends toward the light over time.

This provides quantitative data instead of just visual observations.

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Used to create controlled light environments, ensuring plants receive light from specific directions.

Possible uses:

Single-direction light: Cut a hole on one side of the box to allow light from only one direction.

Partial light exposure: Cover parts of the plants to test how different sections respond.

Darkness control: Keep some plants in total darkness as a comparison group.

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How does mustard respond to light sources?

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How does mustard respond to light sources?

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1. Germination (Seed Sprouting Stage)

Mustard seeds do not require light to germinate. They mainly rely on moisture, oxygen, and the right temperature (around 18-30°C).

However, once they sprout, they quickly start responding to light.

2. Seedling Growth (After Sprouting)

Mustard seedlings show positive phototropism, meaning they grow toward the light source.

The hormone auxin helps the plant bend toward the light by making the shaded side of the stem grow faster than the lit side.

3. Mature Plant Stage

Mustard plants grow best in full sunlight (at least 6-8 hours daily).

If they don’t get enough light, they become leggy (tall and weak) as they stretch toward the nearest light source.

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1. Ruler – To measure plant height and growth over time.

2. Marker labels/sticky notes – To label different test groups (e.g., different light colors).

3. Measuring jug – For precise watering to keep moisture consistent.

4. Spray bottle – For gentle watering without disturbing soil.

5. Notebook or data sheet – To record observations systematically.

6. Camera (optional) – To document growth progress with photos.

7. Aluminum foil/black paper – To block unwanted light and create controlled environments.

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1. Independent Variable (What you change)

The type of light exposure

Natural sunlight

Colored light filters (red, blue, green)

Directional light (inside a box with a hole)

2. Dependent Variable (What you measure)

Plant growth response, which includes:

Height of the plant (measured in cm)

Angle of bending toward the light source (measured with a protractor)

3. Controlled Variables (What stays the same)

To ensure a fair test, keep these factors constant:

Same type of plant (mustard seeds)

Same soil and amount of soil per pot

Same pot size

Same amount of water given to each plant

Same temperature/environmental conditions

Same duration of the experiment (e.g., two weeks)

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1. Health Considerations

Edible and Nutritious – Mustard leaves and seeds are safe to eat and have many health benefits (rich in vitamins A, C, and K).
Allergies & Sensitivities – Some people may have skin irritation or allergies from handling mustard plants, especially the seeds.
Toxicity in Large Amounts – Mustard seeds contain compounds (like glucosinolates) that can be harmful in large quantities if eaten raw.

2. Safety Considerations

Proper Handling – Wear gloves if you have sensitive skin, as mustard plants can sometimes cause mild irritation.
Pest Control – Avoid using harmful pesticides if you plan to eat the plant. Organic methods (like neem oil) are safer. Weed Control – Mustard plants grow quickly and can spread aggressively, so keep them contained in a designated area.

3. Environmental Factors

Good Ventilation – If growing indoors, ensure proper air circulation to prevent mold or fungal issues.
Avoid Waterlogging – Overwatering can lead to root rot, making the plant unhealthy and attracting pests.

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Health and saftey for us and plants part 1

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Health and saftey for us and plants part 1

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Maintain Cleaness:

After working with plants, clean your hands and any tools used. Plant residue, soil, or plant sap can sometimes harbor bacteria or fungi, so washing thoroughly is a good practice.

Stings/Bites:

If working with plants that could attract insects (ex: flowers or garden beds), watch out for bee or wasp stings, and keep insect repellent nearby.

Avoid Allergies:

Plant Sensitivities: Some plants can trigger allergic reactions, such as certain types of mold, pollen, or chemicals. Be mindful of any allergic reactions you might have and avoid plants known to cause issues.

If you're handling plants that produce sap or have irritants (like poison ivy, oak, or sumac), protect your skin with long sleeves, pants, and gloves.

Proper Handling of Soil and Tools:

Gloves: Always wear gloves when handling soil, especially if you're working with compost or fertilizers.

Tools: Use sharp tools carefully to avoid cuts.

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List of things to investigate in experiment:

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List of things to investigate in experiment:

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Is there a difference in growth with natural and artificial light?

Do plants react when light comes in through a small space or do they just die?

What colour light do plants react most strongly to?

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Health and saftey for us and plants part 2

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Health and saftey for us and plants part 2

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Watering:

Ensure plants receive appropriate water levels, as both overwatering and underwatering can harm them.

Avoid waterlogging roots by ensuring good drainage.

Proper Light:

Different plants need different light conditions. Make sure to place plants in locations that provide the right amount of sunlight (direct, indirect, or low light) for their specific needs.

Temperature and Humidity:

Keep plants in environments with suitable temperatures and humidity levels.

Avoid placing plants in drafty or extremely hot/cold areas.

Soil Health:

Use well-draining soil with proper nutrients for plant growth.

Amend the soil as necessary with compost or fertilizers, but avoid over-fertilizing.

Pest and Disease Management:

Regularly check plants for pests like aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies.

Use organic pest control methods or ensure pesticides are safe for the plants.