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Spanish Priest Rodrigo de Loaisa - “The Indians enter these infernal pits by some leather ropes like staircases. They spend all day Monday on this journey, taking some bags of roasted maize for their sustenance. Once inside, they spend the whole week in there without emerging, working with tallow candles. They are in great danger inside there, for one very small stone that falls injures or kills anyone it strikes. If 20 healthy Indians enter on Monday, half may emerge crippled on Saturday.”

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Spanish Priest Rodrigo de Loaisa - “The Indians enter these infernal pits by some leather ropes like staircases. They spend all day Monday on this journey, taking some bags of roasted maize for their sustenance. Once inside, they spend the whole week in there without emerging, working with tallow candles. They are in great danger inside there, for one very small stone that falls injures or kills anyone it strikes. If 20 healthy Indians enter on Monday, half may emerge crippled on Saturday.”

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Enslaved native people working in silver mines is a dangerous job, and half of them will get seriously injured

The perspective of this paragraph comes from a Spanish Priest, Rodrigo de Loaisa.

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-Most flows of silvers are heading towards Southeast Asia
-Some silver are heading towards Imperial Russia

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He Qiaoyuan, a native of the Fujian province - “When our Chinese subjects journey to trade in the (Indian Ocean), the (foreigners) trade the goods we produce for the goods of others. But when engaging in trade in Luzon we have designs solely on silver coins .... A hundred jin of Huzhou silk yarn worth 100 taels can be sold at a price of 200 to 300 taels there. Moreover, porcelain from Jiangxi as well as sugar and fruit from my native Fujian, all are avidly desired by the foreigners.” 

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He Qiaoyuan, a native of the Fujian province - “When our Chinese subjects journey to trade in the (Indian Ocean), the (foreigners) trade the goods we produce for the goods of others. But when engaging in trade in Luzon we have designs solely on silver coins .... A hundred jin of Huzhou silk yarn worth 100 taels can be sold at a price of 200 to 300 taels there. Moreover, porcelain from Jiangxi as well as sugar and fruit from my native Fujian, all are avidly desired by the foreigners.” 

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silver coins to trade

sugar and fruit--desired

How do different countries with different currencies trade?

Develop consensus

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Perspective of an English Scholar

Europeans exchanging silver for luxury goods

luxury turned to necessity