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origins: Afghanistan was born as a state in the mid-18th century, under the leadership of Ahmad Shah Durrani, who was a Pashtun and an expansionist. He conquered Delhi and took over parts of the Indian subcontinent. (sources: https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR314.pdf)
Culture: Afghan culture places a high value on family and loyalty. People are often willing to make sacrifices for their loved ones and are expected to put their family's interests before their own. This collectivistic mindset also influences the way people interact with each other and their communities. (sources: https://medicine.iu.edu/blogs/uncategorized/information-about-our-afghan-community#:~:text=Afghan%20culture%20is%20very%20collectivistic,to%20one's%20tribe%20or%20ethnicity.)

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Foods and Dietary Practices

Mutton (lamb) is the most popular meat eaten in Afghanistan. Chicken is also common, and it is usually served with long grain rice, and lots of fresh fruits and vegetables. Favorite produce items include eggplant, spinach, potato, carrot, peas, tomato, cucumber, lettuce, dates, and melons. Fresh mint and coriander are also very common.

Popular Afghan dishes include:

Mastawa - a traditional winter dish made with rice, chickpeas, and sun-dried salted mutton (called Lahndi), mixed with onions, garlic, turmeric, coriander, and mint.

Aushak - leek and scallion dumplings sometimes served with tomato sauce and dried mint.

Kabuli Palaw - a national dish made from meat and stock topped with fried raisins, pistachios, and slivered carrots​

Afghan Kebab - made from lamb meat, served with naan instead of rice​​​

Festivals and Holidays

​Islam is the major religion in Afghanistan. Islamic holidays are celebrated according to the lunar calendar:

Ramadan - a holy fasting month for Muslims. Began on April 13th in 2021, expected start date for 2022 is April 2nd.

Eid al-Fitr – “breaking the fast” celebration after Ramadan. Afghans celebrate it by wearing new clothes, going to prayer, visiting family and friends, and giving gifts or money to kids (Eidi).  Celebrated on May 13th in 2021. Every year the date moves back 11 days as it follows the lunar calendar - the date for 2022 will be May 2nd. Bolani is a dish served in Ramadan and eid al-Fitr. It is a thin crusted bread with a vegetable filling with foods like lentils, pumpkin, or potatoes. It can be served with yoghurt.​

(Soures: http://www.gleanersnutritionhub.org/blog/afghanistan-culture-food-and-holidays)

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Afghanistan is located in Central Asia with Iran to the west and Pakistan to the east. Tall, forbidding mountains and dry deserts cover most of the landscape of Afghanistan.

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Major problem: Extrajudicial Killings, Enforced Disappearances, Torture, and War Crimes. Taliban forces have carried out revenge killings and enforced disappearances of former government officials and security force personnel. (Sources: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/afghanistan#:~:text=steep%20human%20cost.-,Extrajudicial%20Killings%2C%20Enforced%20Disappearances%2C%20Torture%2C%20and%20War%20Crimes,officials%20and%20security%20force%20personnel.)

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Drug trafficking: United Nations data from 2020 shows that Afghanistan was responsible for over 85% of the world's opium production. This was a significant increase from the previous year and highlights the growing problem of drug trafficking in the country. The former Republic had made the drug trade its largest economic sector, employing over half a million people. (Source: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/afghanistans-drug-trade-is-booming-under-taliban-rule/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20United%20Nations,over%20half%20a%20million%20people.)

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After the Taliban took over Afghanistan, crime rates skyrocketed, with drug trafficking becoming one of the most prevalent crimes. The Taliban's attempt to ban drugs completely was met with skepticism, as experts believed that it would cause large numbers of Afghans to become impoverished and stir up resistance against their regime. The economic crisis that followed the Taliban takeover also deprived them of resources to fight drugs, as foreign aid and support were withdrawn. (Sources: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/afghanistans-drug-trade-is-booming-under-taliban-rule/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20United%20Nations,over%20half%20a%20million%20people.)

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The only way to solve this issue in Afghanistan is if we could some how take the country back from the Talibans. To do that the countries that want to help Afghanistan should make a big plan to overthrown the Talibans out of Afghanistan, but before we talk about how are we going to resolve the problem, let's talk about how did it started in the first places. Like I said already, the issue I picked which is Drug Trafficking only went sky rocket when the Talibans took over the country causing a lot of crimes go up, not just the drug trafficking. The effects of this problem will be more addicts and users will be a victim in this powerful and manipulative buisness. Other effects will be prostitution, armed robbery, mental issues, etc. More problems will go high as well if we didn't stop this issue and I think the only organization that can solve this issue is United Nations because United Nations does maintaining international peace and security; developing friendly relations among nations; promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. So maybe, some how they could think of a plan to bring freedom to Afghanistan.

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The reason why I picked this topic because in my home country which is the Philippines, we also have that same issue with drug trafficking. So that is why I picked it, I learn so much when I did my research and I hope that who ever reads this project will learn something too. I have some challenges doing this project like not knowing what website to trust and rewording all the articles that I read. But I enjoy making this project and I would like to do it again. That is all thank you.