# data[].attributes.body
'The Sankey Navigation' Book
BY T.C Barker.M.A.
On December 16th, 1948. James Brindley and the prestige that came with the Bridge-water canal's splendor. In England, the Worsley Canal was referred to as "the first real canal." The public supported it. The Sankey Navigation has been neglected in favor of the Worsley Canal. There is no justification for this tendency to disregard the Sankey Navigation and emphasize the Bridge-Water Canal's chronological superiority. The Sankey project was significant to E.A. Pratt. The primary goal of this paper is to advocate for the reemergence of the sankey navigation and its recognition as a canal.

Barker, T. (n.d.). THE FIRST LANCASHIRE CANAL. [online] Available at: https://www.hslc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/100-10-Barker.pdf [Accessed 12 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.body
Newspaper Article By J.H Morrison made in November 2nd 1907. ' Scientific American Supplement'
One factor was Robert Fulton's "Clermont" paddlewheels. The first steam vessel was built and operated by John Fitch in 1787. The first rotative steam engine in England was built by James Watt in 1784. Edward Thomason invented the paddle wheels that propel ships in October 1796. Patrick Miller in 1796 for a vessel to be 'put in motion during calms and against light winds by means of wheels.'
In 1789, Nathan Read connected the paddle wheels to an axis that ran across the boat's gunwales. You could turn the boat with a crank. (Manual)
For the 5th for an improvement in the propelling of boats, a propelling agent will be of interest this time. "in revolving, each oar, paddle or float dips in the water in a rotary succession by means of power applied to the arms of the main horizontal wheel, and from that to the specified wheels and shafts, constitutes the means of propelling boats."
As steamboats became a matter of the Public Board.

zenodo.org. (n.d.). Zenodo - Research. Shared. [online] Available at: https://zenodo.org.

# data[].attributes.body
Blog by 'The British NEWSPAPER Archive' .
Article by 'Cambridge chronicle and Journal/ 7th October 1825.
The loco-motive engine was tested by Mr. Stephenson and a few of his friends. A coal wagon with an engine and coal was attached. Due to the fact that steam was used to propel such transportation, the experiment was very interesting. The outcome was perfectly acceptable. For two miles, the Edinburgh mail was traveling parallel to the railroad. There, 2 carriages voyaged one next to the other at the speed of 9 miles each hour. Mrs. Stephenson and his friends were cheered on by the mail's driver, guard, and passengers. The railway is opened to the general public on Tuesday, 27th. huge crowds of people watching. including numerous scientific findings from outside of the UK.) With the loco-motive engine, the railway got better—60 wagons with 1,000 people attached.

Amy (n.d.). The Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway – 27 September 1825. [online] blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk. Available at: https://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2013/09/27/the-opening-of-the-stockton-and-darlington-railway-27-september-1825/.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1825, George Stephenson created the railways in Britain. Railroads are long-lasting, faster, and less expensive means of efficiently moving goods over long distances. They built more railways, which made it easier to get around the country. Since boats were slow and dangerous, they used railways. since George utilized steam technology with success. The "Stephenson works" in England supplied the initial engine used in the United States. Americans were impressed when they visited England to see "steam locomotives." From 1830 to 1860, trains replaced horses. It went from 13 miles in 1830 to 31,000 miles in 1860 due to the weight and passengers. British society was being significantly altered by the railways. Because it took a lot of time and was expensive, road transportation could not compete.

www.ushistory.org. (n.d.). Early American Railroads [ushistory.org]. [online] Available at: https://www.ushistory.org/us/25b.asp#:~:text=The%20railroad%20was%20first%20developed.

UK Parliament. (n.d.). Railways in early nineteenth century Britain. [online] Available at: https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/transportcomms/roadsrail/kent-case-study/introduction/railways-in-early-nineteenth-century-britain/.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
'Sankey Canal' invented by James Brindley.

# data[].attributes.body
James Brindley created the first canal in Britain, the "Sankey Canal," in 1757. The Industrial Revolution was changed by canals because they allowed more goods to be moved more precisely. water-based trades on rivers, the coast, and the sea. However, river transportation was plagued by numerous issues. Rivers rarely moved in the direction you wanted them to. Many other options were considered, but canals were the most logical to construct. The development of inland waterway transport relies heavily on canals. Coal mining experienced a boom. From 1760 to 1800, there were over 150 canal acts, 90 of which were for coal. Rivers made by humans are canals. The canal's water flows over the river via an aqueduct. Canals are good at moving things that are fragile.

Wikipedia. (2023). History of the British canal system. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_canal_system#:~:text=The%20Sankey%20Canal%20was%20the [Accessed 12 Mar. 2023].

Bogart, D., Lefors, M. and Satchell, A.E.M. (2019). Canal carriers and creative destruction in English transport. Explorations in Economic History, 71, pp.1–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2018.08.005.

britishcanalsystem.weebly.com. (n.d.). Social Impact. [online] Available at: https://britishcanalsystem.weebly.com/social-impact.html.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
'Clermont' the first steamboat invented by Robert Fulton.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1807, steamboats were invented by Robert Fulton. The industrial revolution was changed by steamboats because they were faster than flatboats and could travel up to 5 miles per hour against the current of the river. (It has a strong transportation network.) which made more positions and made individuals move for that work. Moving goods was made simpler by steamboats. It can efficiently transport goods over long distances. New technologies developed by engineers facilitated global expansion of the transportation system. There were many different kinds of steamboats made, and each one served a different purpose. Because of how they worked, steamboats were a pretty dangerous mode of transportation.

education.nationalgeographic.org. (n.d.). Steamboat | National Geographic Society. [online] Available at: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/steamboat/.

# data[].attributes.body
Between 1750 and 1918, the Industrial Revolution began. Manufacturing and industry underwent rapid change and development during the Industrial Revolution, particularly in Britain. Transport is one of my areas of interest. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, people traveled and shipped goods via rivers because they could easily travel downstream using the current. They also made use of canals that were constructed to link rivers, lakes, and oceans. I chose canals, steamboats, and railways as my inventions.

education.nationalgeographic.org. (n.d.). Effects of Transportation on the Economy | National Geographic Society. [online] Available at: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/effects-transportation-economy/.