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The plot of a story is the sequence of events that shape a broader narrative, with every event causing or affecting each other.

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It is the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story.

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The rising action of the story is all of the events that lead to the eventual climax, including character development and events that create suspense.

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The CLIMAX of the story is when the CONFLICT of the PLOT is resolved.

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Falling action refers to the period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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The resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the CLIMAX. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the CONFLICT is resolved.

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Setting, in literature, the location and time frame in which the action of a narrative takes place.

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Protagonists and antagonists are both essential characters in a story, but they propel the plot in different and usually opposite ways: 1. The protagonist works toward the central story goals, while the antagonist works against the goals. 2. The words “protagonist” and “antagonist” are antonyms.

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In the literary context, internal conflict refers to a character's inner struggle. You might say that a particular book or movie is driven by internal conflict, meaning that the action revolves around a character's emotional struggle within themselves.

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External conflicts refer to the types of conflicts within literature that occur outside of the main character. This means an opposing force causes an obstacle for a character to overcome, creating tension and motivation for the main characters.
Man vs Man: character conflict, also known as man vs. man conflict, involves two characters struggling against each other.
Man vs Society: The man vs. society conflict denotes a story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.
Man vs Nature: "Man against nature" conflict is an external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature, such as a storm or tornado or snow.
Man vs Technology: Man vs. technology is a type of literary conflict in which a character faces technology (such as a robot, a machine, or a mechanical failure) and must prevail against it.

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Theme is the main idea of the story, such as the idea that good always conquers evil or that true love is forever. Plot is often used to create the theme, which is why many people confuse the two.

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Noun. style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words: good diction. the accent, inflection, intonation, and speech-sound quality manifested by an individual speaker, usually judged in terms of prevailing standards of acceptability; enunciation.

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Syntax is the order or arrangement of words and phrases to form proper sentences. The most basic syntax follows a subject + verb + direct object formula. That is, "Jillian hit the ball." Syntax allows us to understand that we wouldn't write, "Hit Jillian the ball."

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One word can have a both a “denotation” and a “connotation”. These are called “figures of speech”. DENOTATION: The direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary. CONNOTATION: The emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.

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(ENGLISH) What are Denotation and Connotation? | #iQuestionPH

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tone typically refers to the mood implied by an author's word choice and the way that the text can make a reader feel.

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The author's tone in writing (3/3)  | Interpreting Series

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The mood in literature is another word for the atmosphere or ambiance of a piece of writing.

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A flashback is a scene that takes place before a story begins.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Flashback?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Is a narrative device in which suggestions or warnings about events to come are dropped or planted.

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Foreshadowing?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Parallelism is the matching of the forms of words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence. Editing your work for parallel construction improves clarity and emphasizes your points.

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Point of view is the “eye” or narrative voice through which you tell a story. When you write a story, you must decide who is telling the story, and to whom they are telling it.

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Writer's Guide to Point of View (Narrative POV)

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In first-person narration, the narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view. The narration usually utilizes the pronoun I (or we, if the narrator is speaking as part of a group).

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Second-person narration a little-used technique of narrative in which the action is driven by a character ascribed to the reader, one known as you. The reader is immersed into the narrative as a character involved in the story. The narrator describes what "you" do and lets you into your own thoughts and background.

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In third-person objective narration, the narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters.

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Third person limited is a narrative viewpoint where the story is told from the close perspective of one character.

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The third person omniscient point of view is the most open and flexible POV available to writers. As the name implies, an omniscient narrator is all-seeing and all-knowing. While the narration outside of any one character, the narrator may occasionally access the consciousness of a few or many different characters.

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A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things. Similes differ from other metaphors by highlighting the similarities between two things using comparison words such as "like", "as", "so", or "than", while other metaphors create an implicit comparison.

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A metaphor is a literary device that figuratively compares and equates two things that are not alike. An extended metaphor is a version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.

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1 : attribution of personal qualities especially : representation of a thing or abstraction as a person or by the human form. 2 : a divinity or imaginary being representing a thing or abstraction. 3 : embodiment, incarnation.

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Hyperbole is a rhetorical and literary technique where an author or speaker intentionally uses exaggeration and overstatement for emphasis and effect.

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Symbolism is the idea that things represent other things. What we mean by that is that we can look at something — let's say, the color red — and conclude that it represents not the color red itself but something beyond it: for example, passion, or love, or devotion.

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Symbolism | Big Brain Academy USA | Middle School Lesson

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An oxymoron is a self-contradicting word or group of words (as in Shakespeare's line from Romeo and Juliet, "Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!"). A paradox is a statement or argument that seems to be contradictory or to go against common sense, but that is yet perhaps still true—for example, "less is more."

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is an Oxymoron?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant also : the expression so substituted.

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1 : an implied or indirect reference especially in literature a poem that makes allusions to classical literature also : the use of such references. 2 : the act of making an indirect reference to something : the act of alluding to something.

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1a : relatively close juxtaposition of similar sounds especially of vowels (as in "rise high in the bright sky") b : repetition of vowels without repetition of consonants (as in stony and holy) used as an alternative to rhyme in verse. 2 : resemblance of sound in words or syllables.

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What is Assonance? || Literary Device Lectures

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The repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables (such as wild and woolly, threatening throngs)

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Poetic Devices: Alliteration - Examples & Meaning

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1 : a trite phrase or expression also : the idea expressed by it. 2 : a hackneyed theme, characterization, or situation. 3 : something (such as a menu item) that has become overly familiar or commonplace.

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An idiom is a widely used saying or expression that contains a figurative meaning that is different from the phrase's literal meaning. For example, if you say you're feeling “under the weather,” you don't literally mean that you're standing underneath the rain.

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A pun is a joke based on the interplay of homophones — words with the same pronunciation but different meanings. It can also play with words that sound similar, but not exactly the same. The joke’s humor (if any) comes from the confusion of the two meanings.

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pun| figure of speech pun| pun in literature and language.

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In simplest terms, irony occurs in literature AND in life whenever a person says something or does something that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Irony?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Verbal irony is a figure of speech. The speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what he says.

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What is verbal irony? - Christopher Warner

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Situational irony is the irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected. Some everyday examples of situational irony are a fire station burning down, or someone posting on Twitter that social media is a waste of time.

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Situational irony: The opposite of what you think - Christopher Warner

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Dramatic irony, a literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.

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In on a secret? That's dramatic irony - Christopher Warner

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Characterization is the act of creating and describing characters in literature. Characterization includes both descriptions of a character's physical attributes as well as the character's personality. The way that characters act, think, and speak also adds to their characterization.

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The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells the reader or viewer what the character is like. Direct characterization tells the reader or viewer.

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In talk about literature, this has led to the development of a crude but useful terminological distinction of two sorts of characterization: "static" and "dynamic." A static character, in this vocabulary, is one that does not undergo important change in the course of the story, remaining essentially the same at the end.

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A dynamic character is a character who undergoes significant internal change throughout the course of a story. The development of a dynamic character is often subtle and unstated and is not due to a change in the character's circumstances.

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Flat characters are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work. By contrast, round characters are complex and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader.

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Round characters, characters as described by the course of their development in a work of literature. Flat characters are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work. By contrast, round characters are complex and undergo development,…

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Rhetoric refers to the study and uses of written, spoken and visual language. It investigates how language is used to organize and maintain social groups, construct meanings and identities, coordinate behavior, mediate power, produce change, and create knowledge.

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Ethos (Greek for “character”) • Focuses attention on the writer's or speaker's trustworthiness. • Takes one of two forms: “appeal to character” or “appeal to credibility.” • A writer may show “ethos” through her tone, such as taking care to show more. than one side of an issue before arguing for her side.

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Pathos, or the appeal to emotion, means to persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel. Authors make deliberate word choices, use meaningful language, and use examples and stories that evoke emotion.

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Logos, or the appeal to logic, means to appeal to the audiences' sense of reason or logic. To use logos, the author makes clear, logical connections between ideas, and includes the use of facts and statistics. Using historical and literal analogies to make a logical argument is another strategy.