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The series of related events in a story or play, sometimes called the story line.

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The beginning of the story. It is where the character and the settings are introduced.

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A related series of incidents in a literary plot that builds toward the point of greatest interest.

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The climax or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension and drama, or it is the time when the action starts during which the solution is given.

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“The Rightful King” is an instrumental score composed by Hans Zimmer heard on the album, The Lion King: The Legacy Collection. The score can be heard from when Scar calls to Sarabi from atop Pride Rock to just after Scar pretends to submit to Simba and tries to slink away. The score continues in an…

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The period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax. This portion of the narrative helps deflate the plot's tension and gives the character time to unwind after the emotional scene.

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It can be advantageous to think of a trailer in terms of its individual sections. Each one serves its purpose and is interesting, but put together they make the trailer even better. A trailer that feels like one long montage is dull and monotone, but one with peaks and valleys has a better chance of keeping the audience engaged because it constantly resets audience attention and expectation.

At the most basic think of a trailer as:

1. Cold Open - An exciting hook

2. Introduction - Explanation of the premise

3. Escalation - Complications arise

4. Twist - Something goes wrong or change

5. Climax - The most exciting part

6. Button - Final action bit or joke

I discuss these in detail in my post about The Matrix, but while you can draw a line between these sections, each of them needs to be exciting on their own! These sections don't even need to be that long in a trailer that's 90-150 seconds long.

How do you decide what is a high vs low excitement shot? Rating game capture in this way is a step I list in my Game Trailer Editing Checklist. I don't do this on every project, but it can help a lot when I'm really stuck. I'll take my gameplay capture selects and simply use my gut to decide: "Is this shot more or less interesting than this other one?" and then repeat that for the entire selects string of 15 minutes culled from 5 hours of capture. Then I can look at the footage and find the basic line from least to most exciting, and decide where the sequence of clips needs a little kick to it to give that attention spike.

So when making a trailer, thinking of the basic line of rising action is a good place to start, but consider how along the way you can add a little excitement to keep the audience on their toes. 90 seconds can feel excruciatingly long if the audience feels like they know what's coming next, but by the same token they can stop paying attention entirely if everything feels random and disconnected.

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The Trailer Line of Rising Action - Derek Lieu - Game Trailer Editor

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It can be advantageous to think of a trailer in terms of its individual sections. Each one serves its purpose and is interesting, but put together they make the trailer even better. A trailer that feels like one long montage is dull and monotone, but one with peaks and valleys has a better chance of keeping the audience engaged because it constantly resets audience attention and expectation.

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The resolution is the end of the story.

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May 29, 2018 - Takes students through the various elements of a story's plot.

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a time and place where a story is told.

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Setting Class Poster - Elements of Literature

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This sweet-looking full-color poster (34"x22") will help learners learn the various elements of any story's setting: * Historical Era * Year * Place * Culture * Time of Day * Country * Season * Weather * Dialect * Customs * Mood INCLUDED: 2 Versions (colored and B&W)

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a protagonist is the character who drives the action in the story, and fates matters in the story.
a antagonist is "main" opponent or rival of the main character, and usually brings the drama or narrative.

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a conflict is also referred to as a problem. its a opposing desire, when the character wants something but something or someone gets in the way.

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When a character struggles with their own opposing desire and beliefs.

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Confusion Within a Character

In the classic novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is an unusual kind of fireman. In the futuristic world of the novel, his job is to actually burn books that are considered dangerous, archaic, banned objects.

One day, Montag does something completely forbidden. In the process of burning a home full of books, he finds himself taking one in secret rather than destroying it. What does it mean that he hides the book and smuggles it out? He's supposed to be burning all of the books he encounters, but somehow an inner impulse takes over.

This lesson looks at the internal conflict that this creates for the character in literature. We'll also use other examples from the novel to consider how internal conflicts differ from external conflicts.

What is Internal Conflict?

An internal conflict is a struggle within a character in which debates occur in their own mind about what to do or think. In the case of Montag, he will struggle with his actions and try to understand what it means that he violated his own sense of duty to burn rather than save books. In the process, his sense of what is right and wrong is altered.

The beliefs, emotions, and desires of a character all factor into internal conflicts. Usually, the character finds themselves conflicted between at least two goals. In this case, Montag is caught between doing his job as a fireman in his society versus exploring other possibilities for how to live.

Even when a conflict is primarily internal, there may be factors outside of a character that influence their internal experience. For instance, the expectations of Montag's society make his internal conflict even more heightened.

Other characters may have no way of knowing about an internal conflict since a struggle within a person may not be visible to others.

In the case of Montag, conflicts for his character are both internal and external. An external conflict occurs when a character clashes with some force outside of themselves. This outside force could be another person, society, the circumstances of his life, or even nature.

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what is internal conflict in literature? - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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What is Internal Conflict in Literature? - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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In the classic novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is an unusual kind of fireman. In the futuristic world of the novel, his job is to actually burn books that are considered dangerous, archaic, banned objects. One day, Montag does something completely forbidden.

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When the character is set against something or someone beyond their control.
for example, man vs. man, man vs. society, man vs. nature, and man vs. technology.

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Apr 6, 2015 - This Pin was discovered by Bob Merkley. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest

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The theme is the main idea or underlying meaning in any literary work.

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Diction is a careful selection of words to display a message or voice.

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Diction: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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Syntax is a set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence.

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The syntax is a vital component of written language. Syntax defines the rules, principles, and the processes that need to be followed when structuring words, phrases, and sentences. The way you structure phrases and sentences determines the kind of content you will end up with. It is fundamental to structure your words and sentences in a manner that your readers will find it easy to read and understand. That is where syntax comes in.

Syntax

Syntax Definition

Syntax can be defined as a set of rules, principles, and processes that preside over the structuring of sentences in any given language. Syntax defines the rules that need to be followed when forming a sentence from words, clauses, punctuation, and phrases.

Correct syntax involves the right choice of words, correct tense, matching number, proper arrangement of words and phrases. Proper syntax, unlike diction, is comparatively strict. Abiding by the rules of syntax is very important in all kinds of formal writing, and it is an indication that the writer is knowledgeable.

Basic Syntax Concepts

Words

Words are the most basic unit of language, representing individual concepts or ideas. They can be classified into different categories or parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. In syntax, it's crucial to understand the proper placement and function of words within sentences to maintain clarity and proper grammatical structure.

Phrases

Phrases are groups of words that work together to convey a specific meaning. They can consist of various combinations of words and serve different roles within a sentence. Common types of phrases include noun phrases, verb phrases, and adjective phrases. Understanding how phrases function in a sentence helps create well-formed, meaningful sentences.

Noun phrases: Typically consist of a noun and any accompanying modifiers. Example: The happy dog

Verb phrases: Comprise a main verb and any helping or auxiliary verbs. Example: has been swimming

Adjective phrases: Include an adjective and any associated modifiers. Example: very tall

Sentences

Sentences are language units that consist of one or more words and express a complete thought or idea. They begin with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark, usually a period, question mark, or exclamation point. Proper syntax ensures that sentences follow specific rules and structures for coherence and comprehension. There are different types of sentences, usually distinguished by their structure or purpose.

1. Declarative sentences: Make a statement or convey information. Example: She reads the book.

2. Interrogative sentences: Pose a question. Example: Do you like ice cream?

3. Imperative sentences: Give a command or request. Example: Close the door.

4. Exclamatory sentences: Express strong feelings or emotions. Example: I can't believe it!

In summary, basic syntax concepts include understanding the roles and functions of words, phrases, and sentences within language. Proper syntax is crucial for clear and effective communication, as it organizes words and phrases into coherent sentences that convey specific meanings and ideas.

Syntax Examples

Examples of Sentence Structure

The syntax is more of a structure. The rules of syntax are aimed at bringing clarity and consistency in sentences. There are all sorts of common syntactical mistakes, and they are all easy to correct once the writer finds out what they are not doing right. For example:

While traveling, people who take meals are very disturbing. The syntax of these sentences is incorrect.

People who take meals while traveling are very disturbing. Here the syntax is correct.

Happy to welcome the forgotten son, she left earlier school (Incorrect syntax)

Happy to welcome her forgotten son, Ann left the school earlier (Correct syntax)

Here the issue is the modifier being out of place. A modifier can be a phrase or a word that is designed to transform another portion of a sentence, in most cases, the subject. Misplaced modifiers make a sentence lack clarity since they could be transforming multiple subjects.

In the other incorrect example, the sentence states that "she left earlier school" (subject) was "happy to welcome her forgotten son," which is not meaningful at all. Instead, it is "Ann" who is happy to welcome her forgotten son, as illustrated in the correct sentence.

Consider yet another example:

The incorrect sentence does not have a subject. A sentence can only be meaningful if something or someone is performing the action it describes. It's all about dependent and independent clauses.

Punctuation Examples

Punctuation is the other area where writers commonly make mistakes. An example:

Improper punctuation is the primary concern here as it makes the sentence imprecise. The use of exclamation marks to split the words into two sentences makes it more readable and enhances the impact of the first sentence; in this case, "Come home tonight!"

The problem with this sentence is different from others, as it is a sentence fragment. Sentence fragment occurs when a sentence doesn't express a complete thought. For instance, "Before we embark on our mission" is not a complete sentence. With the addition of "We need a break," the reader can now understand the intent of the writer.

The following is another example of a sentence with a similar problem but needs to be addressed differently.

The first sentence is improperly structured. "We can't embark on our mission" can be a complete sentence on its own; the only problem is that it is followed by a phrase that depends on it to express a complete thought.

The solution to an incomplete sentence is to link up the pieces instead of adding more information.

Inappropriate use of punctuation is the other issue that messes the syntax of a sentence. For example:

The first sentence, which is incorrect, does not make use of a comma to separate the words describing the room. At least one comma is needed to separate a group of three items. The room is disorganized, unclean, and filthy.

Syntax: Choice of Words

The rules of syntax are very flexible when it comes to the choice of words. This is the area where writers and learners easily make mistakes. For example:

As per the rules of the syntax, "To the city we are heading" is technical right, the only problem is that the phrasing is outdated.

Modern English only tolerates sentences in the order of object to subject to the verb and not vice-versa. This is an example of how the rules of syntax can change over time, and the objective of the writer should be to make communication as precise as possible.

Let's consider the following examples:

The first sentence, which is incorrect, makes use of the wrong verb tense. It tries to show that something that was concluded in the past is still going on. "Was showing" may also mean that you may still be showing. The term "showed" is a simple past tense indicating that the event took place and is no more.

Syntactical issues can also arise as a result of mild little prepositions such as "to." An example

The syntax is fundamental in any form of writing. Every piece of writing, including a thank you note, demands syntactical selections. The most crucial aspect of persuasive writing is to understand how to use syntax correctly.

Syntax in Context

Literature

In the realm of literature, syntax plays a vital role in shaping a writer's style and voice. The arrangement of words and phrases allows writers to convey meanings and evoke emotions in readers. Authors may utilize varying sentence structures, lengths, and patterns to create distinct literary styles. For instance, some writers choose to employ complex sentences in order to create a more intricate, sophisticated atmosphere, while others might use simpler sentences to communicate ideas clearly and directly. Syntax, as an essential component of language, greatly impacts the way literature is perceived and interpreted by readers.

Business

In the context of business, clear and concise syntax is crucial for effective communication. Well-structured sentences help to convey ideas and messages accurately while minimizing the risk of misinterpretation. In professional writing, such as emails, reports, and presentations, using proper syntax demonstrates professionalism and credibility. Bullet points, tables, and other formatting tools can be employed to aid readability and foster better comprehension. Consistent attention to syntax in business communication ensures that stakeholders, clients, and team members alike are able to understand and act upon the information provided.

Industry

Syntax is also integral in various industries, particularly those that rely on technological systems and coding. In computer programming, for example, the proper ordering of symbols and codes is necessary for computers to understand and execute the provided instructions. Much like in literature and business, the arrangement of these elements shapes the functionality and efficiency of the code. Adhering to the specific syntax rules of a programming language is essential for successful implementation and error-free running of software applications. In this way, syntax serves as a foundational pillar in the development and maintenance of various industry solutions.

Syntax Infographic

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FAQs on Syntax

What is Syntax?

Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. It encompasses the rules that govern the structure of a sentence, such as the order of subjects, verbs, and objects.

What are the different types of sentences?

There are various types of sentences based on their structure:

Simple sentences consist of a single independent clause with a subject and a verb.

Compound sentences contain two or more independent clauses, usually connected by coordinating conjunctions like 'and,' 'but,' or 'so.'

Complex sentences consist of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, connected by subordinating conjunctions like 'because,' 'although,' or 'since.'

Compound-complex sentences are a combination of compound and complex sentences, containing at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

What are the key parts of a sentence?

A well-constructed sentence typically includes:

Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea performing the action in the sentence.

Verb: The action or state of being that the subject performs.

Object: The person, place, thing, or concept affected by the action of the verb.

How does proper syntax contribute to effective communication?

Using proper syntax ensures that sentences are clear, logical, and easy to understand. By following the rules of syntax, speakers and writers can effectively convey their intended meaning to their audience. Proper syntax also helps avoid ambiguity and miscommunication.

How can someone improve their syntax skills?

To improve syntax skills, one can:

Practice reading and writing regularly to become familiar with sentence structure and various ways to combine phrases and clauses.

Study grammar rules and examples to better understand the underlying structure of a language.

Seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or peers on written work to identify and correct syntax errors.

Last Updated on May 12, 2023

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Syntax: Definition and Examples of Syntax in the English Language

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The syntax is a vital component of written language. Syntax defines the rules, principles, and the processes that need to be followed when structuring words,

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Connation is a use to suggest a different association than its literal meaning.

denotation is the objective meaning of a word.

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Tone is the way the author coveys his/her attitude in a work of literature.

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Mood is the emotional state of a character or atmosphere of a story

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Mood: the way a poem makes us feel; poets can push us in different directions

through the word choices they make.

What are Mood and Theme in poetry?

The mood of a poem is the emotions captivated through words and how they make us feel

The mood is generally depicted through adjectives e.g. angry, joyful or wistful

Determine how the poet creates the mood (what are examples of words they use?)

Don't feel obliged to write about the mood unless you have something relevant and specific to say about it

The theme is an idea(s) that reoccur frequently throughout a poem

There may be multiple themes or it may be an underlying idea

Gather examples in the text of the theme to support your interpretation

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Mood: the way a poem makes us feel; poets can push us in different directions through the word choices they make. What are Mood and Theme in poetry? The mood of a poem is the emotions captivated through words and how they make us feel The mood is generally depicted through adjectives e.g.

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Flashback is a scene that takes place at the start of a story that goes out of chronological order to display past event to the reader.

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Foreshadowing is in a indication or warning of events that are coming.

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Parallelism is when sentences are grammatically the same or constructed the same way

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POV (Point Of View), is the vintage point from which the story is presented.

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First person narration from the perspective of "I".

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Second person is the least used from the POV's, where the narrator refers to the reader as "you". The narrator talks and immerses the reader into the story as if the reader was the character.

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Third Person Objective is when the narrator talks about the events that take place without knowing the motivation or what any character is thinking.

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Third Person Limited is when the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character.

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Third person omniscient is considered as the "all-knowing" and "all seeing" POV.  narrator may occasionally access the consciousness of a few or many different characters.

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a Simile is a comparison using like or as.

Her hair is as soft as a cushion.
I felt like a sloth after practice.

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A metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things without using like or as.
An extended metaphor is a metaphor that continues over several lines of text.

Metaphor - you're a cheetah
Extended metaphor - cause baby you're a firework ( Katy P. song).

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Personification is giving non-human things human characteristics.

The walls were talking. The stairs screamed in agony as he began to fall down them.

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Hyperbole is an over exaggeration of emotions, and over statement.

Im so hungry, I could eat a horse.

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A symbol is a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning and stands for smoothing more than itself.

Symbolism is using symbols to represent qualities or ideas.

The flag still flew high in the sky. Flag- strength, freedom, She wore a white wedding dress. white - peace , innocents, and purity.

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Oxymoron combines two opposites or contradicting terms in a brief phrase.

Example; Jumbo shrimp, bitter sweet, deafening silence.

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What are oxymorons? 🤔 | Oxymorons in English | Learn with examples

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Euphemism is a mild or indirect word or expression used for one considered to be too harsh or blunt. When referring to be something unpleasant or horrible. A way of making something not sound so bad.

"We're going to have to let you go."
really saying: "YOU are FIRED"

"Friendly Fire"
Killing your own people

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Allusion when making a reference to something or something that is known from history, literature, religion, sports, science, culture, etc.

He is a real Romeo.
he slapped like will.
He's got the Midas touch.

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Assonance is the repetition of similar vowels sounds, followed by different consonant sounds.

The tide rises, the tide falls.

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Alliteration is the repetition of the same or similar initial consonant sounds in words closes together.

How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

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Alliteration: Definition + Popular Examples ⛱️

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Cliché is a word or phrase that is over used and has become lifeless.

pretty as a picture.
Sweet as pie.
Love is blind.

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VocabularyHelp - Learn English Words With Meaning

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Learn English Words - Cliche (Vocabulary Video)

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An Idiom is an expression that cannot be interpreted literally.

Its raining cats and dogs.
Im losing my mind.

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What is Idioms? Simple Explanation with Examples | FEA Learners

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A pun is a play on words based on multiples meaning of a single word or words that sound alike or mean different things.

Puns involving animals are amooseing.
The sign on the lawn at the drug rehab facility said: stay off the grass.

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What is a Pun? Definition with Examples | Figures of Speech

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Irony is when whenever a person says something or does something that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do.
Irony is the opposite of what is expected.

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What is Irony? Definition and Its Types with Examples.

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verbal irony is when the speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what he says.
When someone says one thing but really means the opposite

"Awesome! Another test!"

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Situational Irony is when a literary technique in which an expected outcome does not happen, or its opposite happens instead.

The principal's daughter is a high school drop out.

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dramatic energy is a literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.
When the reader knows what is going to happen before a character does.

In Snow White, the audience knows the apple is poisoned, but Snow White does not.

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Characterization is the description of a character's physical traits (how a character looks), point of view, personality, private thoughts, and actions.

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Direct characterization is a type of literary device used to tell conclusive details about a character to the reader with little or no ambiguity.

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Indirect characterization is a type of literary device that reveals details about a character without stating them explicitly.

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A static character is a type of character who remains largely the same throughout the course of the storyline.

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A dynamic character is one who learns a lesson or changes as a person

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A flat character is a character with little to no complex emotions, motivations, or personality.

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A round character is deep and layered character in a story

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rhetoric  is to efficiently convey the author's ideas to the reading audience.

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Ethos is the character or emotions of a speaker or writer that are expressed in the attempt to persuade an audience.

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Pathos is to persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel.

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Logos is to appeal to the audiences' sense of reason or logic.