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what's the difference between zona compacta and pars compacta

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what's the difference between zona compacta and pars compacta

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how do we effectively compare a patient move throughout each phase compared to normal?

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When testing for muscle tone do we test for both rigidity and spasticity. As we only went over spasticity in the revision session

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how much about key muscles/bony landmark do we have to talk about when discussing the normal ideal posture?

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when talking about normal to ideal posture , do i just explain how a normal posture looks like and then explain what the patient in the video is doing? Will that be enough?

For example, shoulder

normal shoulder level shoulder not be elevated or depressed

from observing the patient it looks like his right shoulder is elevated while left shoulder is depressed

what more do you advice me to compare?

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when i was comparing posture from head to toe , i could not find any info about normal hip joint, knee,feet. where can i speciically access this info? As in the practiocal 1 - posture slide their was info on most upper body

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Are we allowed to include information on the different tracts and neurons on our A4 sheet

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in the terminal stance some articles say that the ankle is in gradual dorsiflexion and others say its in planterflexion which one is it?

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in the terminal stance some articles say that the ankle is in gradual dorsiflexion and others say its in planterflexion which one is it?

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one the completed gait movement analysis sheet on bb it says ankle is in knee extension

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What relevance does the patient info have to our assessment?

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What relevance does the patient info have to our assessment?

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does ACA LL weakness > UL weakness means lower limb is weaker than upper limb

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Is there any information about upper and lower motor neurons? If so, where can I find this?

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should we learn about nigrostriatal pathway?

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should we learn about nigrostriatal pathway?

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Is it the iliopsoas, rec fem and erector spinae that are responsible for anterior pelvic tilt? Thank you

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Hello, I can remember going through assessing sensory proprioception in a practical lesson using a sharp and blunt object. However I can't find the slides or any information about it in the lesson materials. Am I missing something? Thanks a lot

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Hello, I can remember going through assessing sensory proprioception in a practical lesson using a sharp and blunt object. However I can't find the slides or any information about it in the lesson materials. Am I missing something? Thanks a lot

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is there a analysis movement sheet for reach and grasp 

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is there a analysis movement sheet for reach and grasp 

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Hi ,

what are the main muscles do we need to revise for the exam and are we allowed to write the muscles affected in the video on the A4 Notes paper.

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Assessing muscle power of upper/ lower limb 

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Assessing muscle power of upper/ lower limb 

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Do we have a to assess all the movement of upper/ lower limb if the examiner didn’t asked to demonstrate a specific muscle group?

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During our practical when should I mention anything referring to neuroplasticity?

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in the first analysis video for ms do we asses posture while standing or sitting

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in the first analysis video for ms do we asses posture while standing or sitting

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can I write about motor control pathway and relevant anatomy about it when analysing movement?

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Are we required to perform the subject assessment with the model in the second part?

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is stand to sit just sit to stand in reverse? cant find anything suitable for it 

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is stand to sit just sit to stand in reverse? cant find anything suitable for it 

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Are we required to analyse the MS patient's transfer and stand to sit as well as the initial sit to stand?

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Are we required to talk about and go into depth of possible treatment options for our patient from the case study we get?

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Are we allowed to bring a printed A4 instead of handwritten one?

Thank you

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if I got a lower or upper limbs assessment, do I need to assess the whole limb?

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Can I just double check my understanding, please? Muscle spindles detect stretch in a muscle, afferent nerves carry the signals from muscle spindles to the spinal cord. Gamma motor neurons control the excitability of muscle spindles (so how easily the stretch reflex is activated). Alpha motor neurons innervate muscle fibres to contract and renshaw cells inhibit alpha motor neurons to help control the contraction.

So when a stretch at speed is applied and spasticity is present, this is because muscle spindles are too excitable (due to the gamma motor neurons) and there's reduced inhibition (from the renshaw cells)? Thanks in advance!

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are we expected to know every joint, GRF, and muscle action involved in each phase?

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If we asked to demonstrate the massage technique of upper and lower limb, do we have to demonstrate 3 of them or just choose 1 out of 3 ?

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what's the difference in facilitating and handling 

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what's the difference in facilitating and handling 

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When demonstrating the assessment for muscle power, would you talk through all 6 levels on the scale and demonstrate each?

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Where can I find the videos for possible assessment techniques?

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Hi, I'm a little confused on the calf massage/mobilisation. Does the calf massage include effleurage/kneading/picking up & ringing, or is it just the soft tissue mobilisations & SIMS? Thank you

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What would you recommend to learn off by heart that we can not write on the A4 paper specifically?

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are all afferent systems, sensory pathways? and are all efferent systems, motor pathways?

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are all afferent systems, sensory pathways? and are all efferent systems, motor pathways?

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is there a connection between ascending and descending pathways with afferent and efferent pathways? are they interconnected? or are they the same thing?

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is there a connection between ascending and descending pathways with afferent and efferent pathways? are they interconnected? or are they the same thing?

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Hi , Do I need to mention massaging techniques in exam.

thanks

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isn't tendon reflex a proprioceptors?

in some causes they say its a mechanoreceptor

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Explain process of movement and CNS structures involved?

Should I discuss specific cerebral arteries like the basilar artery and vertebral arteries, as well as the posterior communicating artery (PCoA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), or other relevant structures when explaining this process?

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do I need to mention walking aids in the assessment, if so, how can can I link it?

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Which muscles produce anterior head tilt and lateral flexion of the head? is it just Sternocleidomastoid that we need to know or are there others?

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Facilitation toe off to heel strike in gait 

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Facilitation toe off to heel strike in gait 

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There are two videos, which are facilitated at foot and facilitated at LL. For facilitate at foot. The patient is standing, and the physiotherapist sits on the roll chair and places one of her hands on the biceps and the other holding the medial border of the foot. And for the facilitate at LL. The patient is standing, and the physiotherapist sits on the roll chair, squeezing the patient's biceps while holding the medial border of the foot. I wondered if the difference between facilitating at the foot and facilitating at LL is placing the hand on the bicep and squeezing the biceps.

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I am going to concentrate on the normal and abnormal sitting posture for the static part of the assessment. However, I can find a lot of information relating to abnormal and normal standing posture in previous slides but not on normal sitting posture. Just wondering if I am overlooking something? If it is not covered in the slides can you recommend any external sources for details on this?

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Facilitation Toe off to heel strike in gait 

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Facilitation Toe off to heel strike in gait 

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What is the different between Gait - facial at foot and facial at LL? Both like same to since both using 1 hand placing at the biceps.

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Is there an ‘Normal/ Ideal’ Posture analysis table for the upper limb reaching, sit to stand and gait cycle ? Thank you.

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Is there a completed upper limb reaching movement analysis sheet available ?

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Hi, should we analyse the PD & MS patients posture in sitting or standing, or is this our choice?

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Where would i find the entire cycle of reaching? (To help with the analysis for the stroke video)

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Is the plumb line only relevant in standing, or can it be used when analysing sitting? If so, where does the line run through in sitting (eg. does it only run through the trunk)? Thanks

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With the notes for the CVA case study, can I write down which lobes are supplied by which cerebral artery? Or is that a bit too close to writing about CVA? Thank you 🙂

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is the somatosensory cortex part of the frontal or Parietal lobe?

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is the somatosensory cortex part of the frontal or Parietal lobe?

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how does the midbrain do the same functions as the frontal lobe and sensory cortex.

do they both do the same thing?

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do we need to know how the Corpus Callosum works?

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are we required to talk about balance (in relation to posture) when analysing the movement on the video compared to 'normal' movement?

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Is there a completed gait movement analysis sheet available?

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how to speak about neuroplasticity, proprioception, motor control, etc. can you give me an example please. thank you

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how to speak about neuroplasticity, proprioception, motor control, etc. can you give me an example please. thank you

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Is there a mock exam video of the neuro exam on the Blackboard site? Similar to the CVR exam video, so that we can see how the exam will be. 

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Is there a mock exam video of the neuro exam on the Blackboard site? Similar to the CVR exam video, so that we can see how the exam will be. 

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"Is there a mock exam video of the neuro exam on the Blackboard site? Similar to the CVR exam video, so that we can see how the exam will be. Thanks."

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how can I speak to the examiner about any specific assessment or facilitation techniques? can you give an example please. Thank you

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Do lower motor neurons innervate peripheral nerves which innervate skeletal muscles or do lower motor neurons innervate muscles directly? Thank you

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How much detail do we need to know the basal ganglia pathways in (direct/indirect)?