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1. Samarasinghe, Samantha and Chandrasiri, Thamali. "The Impact of Social Media on Students' Academic Performance." ResearchGate, October 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336413562_The_Impact_of_Social_Media_on_Students'_Academic_Performance

2. Barton, Bianca A; Adams, Katharine S; Browne, Blaine L etc. "The effects of social media usage on attention, motivation, and academic performance." Active Learning for Higher Education, 20 June 2018, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1469787418782817

3. Alam, Shahbub and Aktar Hena. "The Effect of Social Media on Student Academic Performance: A Case Study at the Islamic University of Bangladesh."  International Journal on Transformations of Media, Journalism & Mass Communication, 2021.  (PDF) The Effect of Social Media on Student Academic Performance: A Case Study at the Islamic University of Bangladesh (researchgate.net)

4. Lara, Rachel S., Bokoch, Rebecca. "Cognitive functioning and social media: Has technology changed us?" Science Direct, Nov. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103429

5. Miao Chen, Xiao Xin. "The effect of social media on the development of students' affective variables." National Library of Medicine, 15, Sep 2022. The effect of social media on the development of students’ affective variables - PMC (nih.gov)

6. Abrams, Zara. "Why young brains are especially vulnerable to social media?" American Psychological Association, 3, Aug 2023. Why young brains are especially vulnerable to social media (apa.org)

7. Kolhar, Manjur; Nazir Ahmed Kazi Raisa; Alameen, Abdalla. "Effect of social media use on learning, social interactions, and sleep duration among university students." Science Direct, April 2021. Effect of social media use on learning, social interactions, and sleep duration among university students - ScienceDirect.

8. Smith, Dana G. "How to focus like it's 1990" Newyork times, Jane 2023. Concentration Tips: How to Focus Like It’s 1990 - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

9. Saner, Emine. "What it’s like to have a social media detox." The Guardian, Dec 2022. ‘I didn’t realise how badly it affected me until I was off it’: what it’s like to have a social media detox | Social media | The Guardian

10. Schmidt, Shelly J. Distracted learning: Big problem and golden opportunity - Schmidt - 2020 - Journal of Food Science Education - Wiley Online Library

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Text should be concise yet specific and detailed enough to understand your thought process

Clearly convey the connections you have derived between the sources thus far

Nodes should move from general to more specific showing relationships between ideas

Add representative imagery, color code, and organize to show hierarchy, and relationship between ideas

Use in-text parenthetical citation e.g. (Schmidt) where appropriate

Include your research question

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Source 1: The Impact of Social Media on Students' Academic Performance.

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Source 1: The Impact of Social Media on Students' Academic Performance.

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potential benefits of social media in facilitating collaborative learning, information distribution, and communication among peers. the negative effects reported in some studies, such as distractions during lectures leading to decreased academic performance.

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Source 2: The effects of social media usage on attention, motivation, and academic performance.

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Source 2: The effects of social media usage on attention, motivation, and academic performance.

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impact of social media usage on GPA; social media usage may affect attention and subsequently GPA negatively; Motivation

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Source 3: The Effect of Social Media on Student Academic Performance: A Case Study at the Islamic University of Bangladesh. 

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Source 3: The Effect of Social Media on Student Academic Performance: A Case Study at the Islamic University of Bangladesh. 

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the majority of students at the Islamic University in Bangladesh have access to the internet and engage in various social media platforms. While some students use social media for educational purposes and communication, others use it primarily for entertainment and leisure activities. Excessive use can lead to distractions and hinder academic success. we should use less.

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Social media can impact college students' academic performance by affecting college students' mental health and concentrations.

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>Social media can affect college students' concentrations by providing distractions such as notifications (Smith).

>"Short attention span" and internal urge to check their phones (Smith).

>not concentrate anymore (Smith).

>important messages they do not want to miss out, hence they check their phones frequently (Saner).

>They tend to "off-task multitasking", which will impact their attention and "working memory" (Schmidt).

>lower their grades and GPA

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Possible ways for college students to balance their study and phone use. How to prevent excessive use of social media?

1. students should focus on strengthening attentional and motivational strategies rather than reducing social media usage to improve academic performance (Source 2).

2. identifying and supporting academically at-risk students by enhancing their study skills and learning strategies (Source 2).

3. the role of teachers, counselors, and educational policymakers in addressing the psychological implications of social media use among students (Source 5).

4. a shift in focus from profit-making to prioritizing the mental health and well-being of young users (Source 6).

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Social media can negatively affect college students' mental health.

>correlations between social media usage and emotional distress among students.

>impact of social media on students' emotional well-being, particularly concerning affective variables such as depression, stress, and anxiety (Source 5).

>Younger social media users are more likely to experience body image issues and online harassment. This vulnerability has prompted recommendations from experts, including the U.S. Surgeon General, to prioritize the well-being of young users and share data with independent researchers (Source 6).

>excessive social media use had a negative impact on relationships with family and friends. 59% of students reported that spending excessive time on social media

negatively affected their relationships (Source 7).

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College students often use social media for different purposes. They may use it excessively, which cause lower grades.

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How does social media impact college students' academic performance?

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>Summarize how social media affects our concentrations and mental health.

>tips how to reduce the negative impact on academic performance

>Use social media properly and try to balance our study and phone use.

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Source 4: Cognitive functioning and social media: Has technology changed us?

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Source 4: Cognitive functioning and social media: Has technology changed us?

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Attention and working memory are identified as crucial cognitive resources, essential for safety and productivity. The paper explains how technological distractions, including social media notifications, can affect attention and task performance negatively.

The study hypothesizes that increased social media use is associated with lower inhibition and higher working memory.

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Source 5: The effect of social media on the development of students’ affective variables

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Source 5: The effect of social media on the development of students’ affective variables

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impact of social media on students' emotional well-being, particularly concerning affective variables such as depression, stress, and anxiety.

the increasing reliance on social media platforms for communication and education, especially in the post-pandemic era, and examines how this trend affects students' emotions.

correlations between social media usage and emotional distress among students.

Examples of negative effects include increased anxiety, depression, and stress, often attributed to factors such as comparison with others and exposure to unrealistic portrayals on social media.

the role of teachers, counselors, and educational policymakers in addressing the psychological implications of social media use among students.

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Source 6: Why young brains are especially vulnerable to social media

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Source 6: Why young brains are especially vulnerable to social media

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the impact of social media on the mental health and development of children and teenagers; the significant changes that occur in the brain during preadolescence, particularly in relation to the increased sensitivity to social rewards such as attention and approval from peers.

How social media platforms, while providing opportunities for interaction, have also been associated with mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and body image concerns among youth.

>Between the ages of 10 and 12, changes in the brain make social rewards more satisfying, as receptors for oxytocin and dopamine multiply in the ventral striatum, making preteens extra sensitive to attention and admiration from others.

>how the drive for approval, which historically helped kids develop healthy social skills, is now being exploited by social media platforms. Online interactions are permanent and often public, leading to continuous seeking, delivering, or withholding of social rewards.

>Younger social media users are more likely to experience body image issues and online harassment. This vulnerability has prompted recommendations from experts, including the U.S. Surgeon General, to prioritize the well-being of young users and share data with independent researchers.

>a shift in focus from profit-making to prioritizing the mental health and well-being of young users.

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Source 7: Effect of social media use on learning, social interactions, and sleep duration among university students

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Source 7: Effect of social media use on learning, social interactions, and sleep duration among university students

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the usage patterns and effects of social networking sites among female university students aged 17 to 29.

>The study found that 97% of the students used social media applications, with only 1% using it for academic purposes. The majority used social media for chatting (35%) and browsing to pass time (43%). Snapchat was the most popular application (45%), followed by Instagram (22%), Twitter (18%), and WhatsApp (7%).

>A significant portion of students (57%) reported being addicted to social media, and 52% stated that social media use had affected their learning activities. Additionally, 66% felt more drawn towards social media than towards academic activities.

>excessive social media use had a negative impact on relationships with family and friends. 59% of students reported that spending excessive time on social media

negatively affected their relationships.

>A substantial number of students (46% to 39%) reported going to bed between 11 pm and 2 am, with 68% attributing their delayed bedtime to social media use. Late-night social media use resulted in reduced sleep duration, with 39% to 45% of students sleeping for fewer hours than the recommended duration.

>Prolonged social media use was associated with a sedentary lifestyle, decreased physical activity levels, and increased sitting durations. This lifestyle contributes to an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.

>excessive social media use for non-academic purposes distracts students from their learning activities, reduces sleep duration, and negatively impacts social interactions. This lifestyle may contribute to mental health issues and increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and chronic non-communicable diseases.