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The symptoms for trichomoniasis varies from person to person. About 70% of people show no symptoms or signs. Some people may not show symptoms until days or weeks after infection. Women with this infection may have vaginal fluid that smells bad, and is green or yellow in color. Symptoms can also include frequent urination, pain during urination, genital itching, burning, redness, or soreness. Men typically have no symptoms, but may experience similar symptoms that also include itching or irritation inside their penis, and thin white discharge coming from penis.

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The recommended treatment for trichomoniasis is antibiotics. Most people are prescribed metranidazole, which is usually taken 5 to 7 days, twice a day. An alternative is tinidazole. These reduces signs and symptoms and may reduce transmission. It is advised to not have sex again until being completely treated. Because women have a high rate of reinfection, retesting is recommended approximately 3 months after initial treatment.

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Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. It is most commonly known as “trich”. Humans are the only known host. It is single- celled organism that is pear- shaped and has whip-like structures that help it move around. It is carried in sexual fluids, like pre cum, semen, and vaginal fluids. It is treatable and curable.

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Another image of trichomoniasis.

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Since trichomoniasis is transmitted through sexual contact, the best way to prevent it is not to have vaginal sex. Practicing safer sex is another option to lower the chances. Using female or male condoms is a way to prevent. Another way to prevent is to avoid douching. It can remove some of the good bacteria, making it easier to get an STD.

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In females, trichomoniasis can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. In males, it can cause epididymitis and prostatitis.

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Image of normal fallopian tube and swollen fallopian tube, indicating pelvic inflammatory disease.

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Image of normal epididymis and inflamed epididymis, also called epididymitis.

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Image of normal prostate and prostatitis.

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Anyone who is sexually active is at risk for trichomoniasis. But, it is more common in women. Having multiple partners could increase the risk. Other factors include women who have a history of other STIs, history of incarceration, and having bacterial vaginosis (BV). African American women have a higher risk of getting trichomoniasis than white or Hispanic women. Their risk increases with age and the number of sex partners. Active smokers are also at risk.

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Trichomoniasis is most commonly obtained through genital contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal sex unprotected. It can be transmitted by sharing sex toys and genital coming in contact with infected fluids.

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Babies born to mothers with trichomoniasis are more likely to be born prematurely, and have low birth weight. They can develop respiratory infections which can include tachycardia, bradycardia, apnea, rhinitis, nasal discharge, sputum, and pneumonia. These symptoms can be treated with antibiotics, or some go away on their own.

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There are some long term effects that comes with this STI. Trichomoniasis can make it easier to become infected with other STIs and HIV. Both men and women can have an increased risk of infertility if left untreated. They can also increase their risk of cervical or prostate cancer and psychiatric disorders.