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Native American Society prior to European Contact

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Native American Society prior to European Contact

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All native americans lived in orgnaised societies with political structers moral codes and religous beliefs. Each group adapted to their enviornment they lived in and the idea of private land owner ship was formed.

The main characters of the age would've been the individual leaders of each tribe. This includes tribe elders and spirtitual leaders, warrior cheifs, and shaman/ healers. These leaders would guided the tribes in a varitey of ways that included war and trade with other tribes.

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Native American Society prior to European Contact

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Britain first settled in the new world in 1607 in james town. Many people at the time can to north america lookin for religious freedom, economic opportunities and political liberity. This was encouraged by great britain due to their maritime expanison and comercal competition with france.

Main characters during this period where british explorers and tradors such as Sir Franis Drake and John Smith. Sir Franis Dranke was a privateteer santion by the english crown who later became a naval officer and raided Spanish ships and settlements in the caribbean. John smith, on the other hand, was a english solider and the leader of the james town colonie in virgina.

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In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Thirteen American Colonies arose along North America's eastern coast, having been influenced by European powers like England, France, and the Netherlands. They developed distinct social, economic, and political characteristics, while interacting with indigenous peoples, trade, and immigration. From the agricultural South relying on slave labor to the industrial North, each colony had its own identity. Despite challenges such as conflicts with Native Americans, they laid the groundwork for the United States, contributing diverse experiences to American history.

Main characters of the period include governors like John Winthrop of Massachusetts Bay Colony and William Penn of Pennsylvania, who shaped governance and culture. Thinkers like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry advocated for colonial rights and independence from British rule. Indigenous leaders like Pocahontas navigated complex relations with European colonizers. Figures like Nathaniel Bacon of Bacon's Rebellion exemplify colonial resistance. Together, they represent diverse perspectives that defined the colonial era and laid the groundwork for the United States.

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The arrival of African Americans in the New World marks a significant and complex chapter in world history, beginning with the transatlantic slave trade of the 16th to 19th centuries. Millions of Africans were transported to the Americas, primarily to work on plantations in European colonies, forming thelabor force in industries such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton. African Americans cultivated rich cultural traditions and resilient communities, blending African heritage with influences from indigenous peoples and European settlers.

Several key figures emerged, each leaving a mark on history. Harriet Tubman, known as the "Moses of her people," led groups of enslaved individuals to freedom through the Underground Railroad, embodying courage and determination. Frederick Douglas, an escaped slave turned abolitionist leader and writer, described the horrors of slavery and advocated for its immediate abolition. Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Institute, promoted education and economic self-reliance as paths to racial uplift. W.E.B. Du Bois, a scholar and activist, advocated for full civil rights and social equality for African Americans. Through their actions and ideas, these people played important roles in shaping the struggle for freedom and equality for African Americans in the New World.

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The Birth of the American Republic refers to the revolutionary period in the late 18th century when the Thirteen American Colonies sought independence from British rule. Sparked by grievances over taxation, lack of representation, and infringements on colonial liberties, tensions escalated, culminating in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The subsequent Revolutionary War saw colonists fighting for their freedom against the British Crown, with key battles such as Lexington and Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown playing a large role. The period also witnessed the drafting of revolutionary documents like the Articles of Confederation and later, the United States Constitution, establishing the framework for a new nation based on principles of liberty, democracy, and self-governance.

In the narrative of the Birth of the American Republic, key figures include George Washington, who led the Continental Army and became the first President; Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence; Benjamin Franklin, a statesman crucial in securing French support; John Adams, a leading advocate for independence and later the second President; and Abigail Adams, an influential political advisor and advocate for women's rights. Together, they shaped the revolutionary struggle and laid the foundation for the new nation.

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The War of 1812, fought between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815, stemmed from tensions over trade, impressment, and British support for Native American tribes. Key events included the British capture of Washington, D.C., and the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans. Despite no clear winner, the war solidified American independence and bolstered national identity, culminating in the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner." The Treaty of Ghent ended the conflict, but many underlying issues remained unresolved, marking a step towards peaceful relations between the two nations.

In the War of 1812, several key figures played pivotal roles on both sides of the conflict. Leading the American forces was President James Madison, who authorized the declaration of war and oversaw military strategy. General Andrew Jackson an American military leader, securing a decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans. On the British side, Major General Sir Isaac Brock known for his leadership and strategy. Admiral George Cockburn led British naval forces in raids along the American coastline, including the burning of Washington, D.C.

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The Civil War, spanning from 1861 to 1865, was fought primarily over issues of slavery, states' rights, and the preservation of the Union. It pitted the Confederate States of America against the Union, led by the United States. The conflict began after Abraham Lincoln's election as president, which led to secession by Southern states and the forming of the Confederacy. Key battles like Gettysburg and Antietam had massive casualties, while the Emancipation Proclamation changed the war into a struggle for freedom. The war ended with the Union's victory, resulting in the abolition of slavery and the beginning of Reconstruction, a period of rebuilding the nation and redefining the rights of African Americans.

Key figures in the Civil War include President Abraham Lincoln, who led the Union, and Confederate General Robert E. Lee, known for his leadership of Southern armies. Union generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman contributed to the Union's victory in major ways. Frederick Douglass, an influential abolitionist, advocated for the enlistment of African American soldiers and the cause of emancipation.

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The Gilded Age, spanning roughly from the 1870s to the early 1900s, marked a period of rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth in the United States. The era saw the rise of powerful industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, who made immense fortunes through monopolistic practices in industries such as steel and oil. However, widespread social and economic inequality, as laborers endured harsh working conditions and faced limited protections. Despite these challenges, the Gilded Age also witnessed the emergence of social reform movements, including the labor movement, women's suffrage, and efforts to combat urban poverty.

Key figures in the Gilded Age include industrial magnates Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, whose wealth and influence influenced the American economy. Political leaders like President Ulysses S. Grant and Senator William "Boss" Tweed symbolize the era's widespread corruption. Social reformers such as Jane Addams and Booker T. Washington emerged, advocating for change and addressing the era's social inequalities.

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The United States' involvement in World War I, from 1917 to 1918, played a big role in global dynamics. Initially neutral, America was drawn into the conflict following events such as the sinking of their ships and the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram. With its industrial might and manpower, the U.S. contributed significantly to the Allied victory, also sending millions of troops to the Western Front. The war had big social and economic impacts at home, suc as the expansion of government powers and progress of the women's suffrage movement. The Treaty of Versailles ended the conflict but led to future instability, setting the stage for the post period and ultimately playing a role in WWII.

Key figures include President Woodrow Wilson, who handled the nation's entry into the conflict. General John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary Forces, on the Western Front. Herbert Hoover's leadership of the Food Administration and Bernard Baruch's chairmanship of the War Industries Board were instrumental in coordinating domestic efforts for the war.

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The Roaring Twenties, spanning from the end of World War I to the onset of the Great Depression, marked a period of cultural and societal change in the United States. Characterized by economic prosperity, technological advancements, and shifting social norms, there was a rise of consumer culture, especially for innovations such as automobiles and household appliances. Jazz music began and grew in urban centers like Harlem, which was reflected the era. Women's rights saw progress with the passage of the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote, while prohibition fueled the rise of speakeasies and organized crime. Despite the era's apparent prosperity, underlying economic disparities and the eventual collapse of the stock market in 1929 would bring an abrupt end to the decade's excesses.

Key figures include jazz musicians like Louis Armstrong, business owners such as Henry Ford, and famous icons like F. Scott Fitzgerald. Armstrong and other musicians revolutionized music, while Ford's innovations transformed industry. Figures like Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald epitomized the era's glamorous lifestyle in literature and culture.

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The Great Depression, beginning with the stock market crash of 1929, plunged the world into an unprecedented economic crisis. Businesses shuttered, unemployment soared, and families faced dire poverty and homelessness. Governments struggled to find effective solutions to the widespread suffering, often implementing austerity measures that further exacerbated the situation. The global economy suffered, with international trade grinding to a halt and economies worldwide spiraling into recession. It wasn't until the onset of World War II that economies began to recover, marking the end of this tumultuous era.

Key figures like Herbert Hoover grappled with the economic collapse as President, initially advocating for voluntarism and limited government intervention. Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, starting in 1933, started a significant shift with the introduction of the New Deal, a series of programs aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform. John Maynard Keynes advocated for increased government spending to alleviate the Depression's severity, shaping policy debates. Bankers and business leaders, including figures like J.P. Morgan and Andrew Mellon. Meanwhile, ordinary citizens faced widespread unemployment, poverty, and social upheaval, shaping the societal landscape of the era.

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The United States' involvement in World War II, from 1941 to 1945, was an important period marked by national mobilization and global conflict. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. joined the Allies, who couldn't have succeeded at key victories like the D-Day invasion without them. The war ended in 1945 with the Allies' triumph, again changing America's role in global politics and leading the way to post-war prosperity and leadership.

Key figures in World War II include President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who led the domestic effort and General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who led Allied forces in Europe. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz commanded the Pacific Fleet, playing a bigrole in the fight against Japan. Symbolic figures like Rosie the Riveter represented the contributions of countless Americans on the home front.

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The Cold War, from 1945 to 1991, was a period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was marked by political rivalry,conflicts, and nuclear one-upping. Key events like the Berlin Airlift and the Cuban Missile Crisis epitomized the intense competition between the superpowers. Despite occasional détente, the Cold War remained a defining feature of global politics until the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Key figures in the Cold War include American presidents like Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy, who navigated the conflict with the Soviet Union. Soviet leaders like Stalin, Khrushchev, and Gorbachev represented the other side. Winston Churchill and Ronald Reagan also played significant roles. Together, they shaped the course of the Cold War and global politics.