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Assessment instruments can indeed be classified in multiple ways depending on their characteristics and the context in which they are used. Here's a more detailed categorization using the aspects you've mentioned:

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Assessment instruments can indeed be classified in multiple ways depending on their characteristics and the context in which they are used. Here's a more detailed categorization using the aspects you've mentioned:

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Assessment is defined as the process of planning, gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data for decision-making. It includes a combination of all formal and informal judgments and findings that occur both inside and outside the classroom, encompassing various methods from tests and quizzes to observations and informal notes​​.

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Identify and Define the Principles of Assessment:

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Identify and Define the Principles of Assessment:

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The principles of assessment as outlined in the presentation include:

Fairness: Ensuring the assessment process is transparent, equitable, and inclusive of all learners.

Reliability: This refers to the consistency of assessment results over time and the consistency achieved among different raters.

Validity: Assessments should measure what they are intended to measure and be free of linguistic, experiential, and cultural biases.

Practicality: The administration of the assessment should be reasonable in terms of time and cost.

Equivalency: The assessment should be closely connected to the curriculum and classroom activities.

Washback: This refers to the effect of the assessment on teaching and learning practices​​.

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Identify the Large-Scale Tests Your ELs Take and Accommodations They Might Need:

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Identify the Large-Scale Tests Your ELs Take and Accommodations They Might Need:

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Large-scale tests: The presentation mentions that English Learners (ELs) are involved in large-scale standardized tests, which are often state or nationwide assessments like ACCESS for ELLs (English Language Learners).

Accommodations: These may include extended time, the use of a bilingual dictionary, language simplification, and visual or graphic support. Accommodations are intended to make assessments equitable, ensuring that ELs are assessed based on their knowledge and skills rather than their language proficiency alone. The presentation also emphasizes the importance of providing these accommodations consistently across both large-scale and classroom assessments to ensure fairness​​.

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Large-Scale Tests

ELs are typically required to participate in standardized tests that are used to measure students' performance across large groups. These may include state or national assessments, which can be either norm-referenced or criterion-referenced tests. These assessments are often created by external agencies and are summative in nature, designed to evaluate student learning at the end of a course or grade level.

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Accommodations for ELs

Accommodations are modifications made to the testing environment or process that allow ELs to demonstrate their true capabilities without altering the fundamental nature of the assessment. Examples of accommodations may include:

Extended time: Allowing ELs extra time to complete the tests.

Simplified English instructions: Providing instructions in simpler language that is easier for ELs to understand.

Use of bilingual dictionaries: Permitting ELs to use dictionaries that can help them better understand test questions.

Oral administration: Allowing the test questions to be read aloud to ELs.

Setting: Offering a smaller, less distracting environment for taking the tests.

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State and Local Policies Regarding ELs:Identification, Placement, and Reclassification

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State and Local Policies Regarding ELs:Identification, Placement, and Reclassification