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In 1860, Abraham lincoln was elected president, which greatly angered the southern states. In response, the southern states left the union. President Buchanan did little to nothing to stop this. When Lincoln was inagurated, he claimed that it was unconstitutional and must be stopped

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Fighting of the civil war broke out at Fort Sumpter. Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland, and Missouri were slave states that chose to remain with the Union. When Virginia seceded to join the confederate states, the western part of the state sided with the union and becomes West Virginia. Lincoln suspends Habeas Corpus, a right that citizens had for an explanation for why they were imprisoned

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The union had a huge advantage. They had more manufacturing and factories. In the North there was a lot of mechanized farming which required less people. The Union also had an advantage in transportation. It had more railroad and it grew a lot during the war. The union had more natural resourses as well.

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More than 3 million soldiers fought in the civil war. The average union soldier was 25 years old, and 5ft 8in tall, and weighed 143 1/2 pounds. The most common weapon carried by soldiers was a rifle musket. Both union and Confederate soldiers used rifle muskets.

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1860-1865  -  War Strategies and Results

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1860-1865  -  War Strategies and Results

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Union's plan was to use a military strategy called the Anaconda plan, named after the anaconda snake. The confederate's strategy had 3 parts. One was to break the Union's blockade of southern waterways. A second confederate aim was to get allies. The confederates also desired to capture the Union capital of Washington D.C..

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The first major battle of the civil was named the Bull Run. It was the battle between two armies that shattered the expectation of a brief bloodless war. People brought picnic blankets to watch the fight. The Bloody Battle of Shiloh was when the union army begun the Anaconda Plan in Tenessee. The Bloody Battle of SHiloh caused more than 23000 casualties.

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Once the civil war started, Pres Lincoln became convinced that he should act to abolish slavery. Despite the Union's advantages, the Civil War was not going well for the Union. The results on the battlefield were often unclear or sometimes disastrous. Lincoln later issued a final Emancipation Proclamation. It did not end slavery in the U.S. or in any areas where the federal government could enforce its terms.

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Lee invading the North led to the battle of Gettysburg. The battle of Gettysburg was important because it would decide whether Lee's invasion of the North would be successful. The battle of Gettysburg caused more than 51000 casualties and close to 8000 people being killed. General Lee's army was seriously weakened. A few months later a cemetery was dedicated at the site of the battle.

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Vicksburg had been a union target for months but attempts to capture it were unsuscessful. Then General Grant took over. The they captured Vicksburg and now they fully surrounded the South.

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Battles continued after Gettysburg and Vicksburg, and most battles were victories for the Union.  General Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia. He held Atlanta until November. Before leaving, Sherman commanded his forces to burn down munitions factories, railroad facilities, and other resources that could be useful to the Confederate war effort. Sherman stated that the Union was fighting hostile people who supported the Confederacy as well as hostile armies. He believed that it was important to stop civilians from supporting the war by making “old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war.”

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In each battle, the Union army tried to push past the Confederates to gain a clear path to Richmond. In each battle, the Confederates fought, then fell back, preventing the Union from advancing too quickly. After a bloody battle at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Grant realized that he would not be able to attack Richmond directly, and moved his army toward Petersburg. Lee and his troops were forced to leave Petersburg, and then he surrendered a little bit later.

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President Lincoln and the First Lady attended a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC. When the Lincolns and their guests arrived at Ford’s Theatre, the play had already begun. Soon after the president had settled into his balcony seat, someone quietly entered the box. This man was John Wilkes Booth, a well-known and popular actor, who was also a  passionate supporter of the Confederacy. As the crowd burst into laughter watching the play, Booth assassinated or murdered, Lincoln by shooting him with a pistol.